1. A method for detecting random access of user equipment (UE), applicable to a mobile communication system consisting of at least one base station (BS) and a group of UEs, wherein said BS and said group of UEs use a set of N (N is a positive integer) orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal pseudo-random sequence codes for the random access of UE, and by detecting the pseudo-random sequence code selected by each randomly accessed UE, BS implements a simultaneous detection of the random access of UEs, the method comprising:
A. BS making a correlation operation of the random access signal received at one moment from UE containing information of the pseudo-random sequence codes selected by the accessing UE with a pseudo-random sequence code from the local pseudo-random sequence code set of the BS, and obtaining a corresponding correlation result window, wherein said correlation operation starts from any pseudo-random sequence code of the pseudo-random sequence code set and ends when operations with all the N pseudo-random sequence codes are completed;
B. finding the maximum correlation peak value point in every correlation result window;
C. based on the position of each correlation peak value point, dividing a correlation peak window from the corresponding correlation result window, or dividing a correlation peak window and the front-side and rear-side windows at both sides of the correlation peak window from the correlation result window;
D. selecting one or more thresholds, considering the correlation results in every correlation peak window or every correlation peak window and its front-side and rear-side windows larger than said one or more thresholds as conditions, and performing one or more comparisons related to the corresponding conditions, if all the conditions are satisfied, determining that the pseudo-random sequence code taking part in the correlation operation in Step A is the pseudo-random sequence code selected by a UE accessing at that moment.
2. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, further comprising after said Step C: setting a threshold, comparing said threshold with the correlation results in every correlation peak window, or with the correlation results in the side windows of every correlation result window excluding the said correlation peak window; if the comparison condition is satisfied, determining that said pseudo-random sequence code involved in the correlation operation in Step A is selected by two or more than two UEs for random access, and there is an access conflict, then stopping the execution of Step D, otherwise continuing with Step D.
3. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said number N of pseudo-random sequence codes in said pseudo-random sequence code set is a variable or fixed integer number, whose value is at least 1.
4. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said correlation operation in Step A further comprising:
1) BS making a Fourier Transformation to the received access signal from UE, and obtaining a Fourier Transformation result;
2) BS making a Fourier Transformation to a pseudo-random sequence code of the local pseudo-random sequence code set, and obtaining a Fourier Transformation result;
3) BS making a dot product of the Fourier Transformation result of Step 1) and the Fourier Transformation result of Step 2), obtaining the result of the correlation operation, and then making an Inverse Fourier Transformation to the obtained result of the correlation operation;
said obtaining a corresponding correlation result window in Step A further comprising: taking the norm of every element in said inverse Fourier transformation result of step 3) to educe said correlation result window.
5. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 4, wherein said taking the norm comprises: the correlation result in the form of power or absolute amplitude educed by the norm.
6. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 4, wherein said obtaining the result of correlation operation through dot product in Step 3) comprises conducting in a correlation detector the correlation operation including a direct sequence correlation or a matched filtering correlation.
7. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, further comprising, in Step B, if the correlation result window is in the form of power, taking the point with maximum power in the correlation power window as the correlation peak point; if the correlation result window is in the form of absolute amplitude, taking the point with maximum absolute amplitude in the correlation absolute amplitude window as the correlation peak point.
8. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said Step C further comprising:
1) setting the length of the correlation peak window through emulation;
2) setting the relationship between the window lengths on both sides of the maximum correlation peak point and the length of the correlation peak window through emulation;
3) setting the lengths of the front-side window and rear-side window through emulation;
4) based on the results of Steps 1) and 2), marking off the position of the correlation peak window that contains the maximum correlation peak point;
5) based on the results of Steps 3) and 4), marking off the positions of the front-side window and rear-side window.
9. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 8, wherein, in Step 2), the window length on one side of maximum peak point is 13 of the length of the correlation peak window, and the window length on the other side of maximum peak point is 23 of the length of the correlation peak window; and in Step 3), the lengths of front-side window and rear-side window can be equal or unequal.
10. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said Step D further comprising:
d11) calculating, respectively, the mean values andor the total values andor the effective mean values with the interference eliminated andor the effective total values with the interference eliminated of the correlation results in the front-side and rear-side windows beside the correlation peak window, and calculating the differences, respectively, between the peak value of the correlation peak point and said two mean values, total values, effective mean values andor effective total values of the front-side and the rear-side windows;
d12) through emulation, setting thresholds corresponding to said differences calculated in Step d 1;
d13) if said differences between the peak value of the correlation peak point and said two mean values, total values, effective mean values andor effective total values of the front-side and rear-side windows are, simultaneously, greater than said one or more thresholds, determining that the conditions are satisfied.
11. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 10, further comprising after Step d13 if said conditions are satisfied:
d51) setting a threshold through emulation;
d52) counting in the correlation peak window the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d53) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d54) if the counted number in Step 52 is less than the set threshold in Step 53, further determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
12. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 10, further comprising after Step d13 if said conditions are satisfied:
d61) setting a threshold through emulation;
d62) counting, in the correlation result window excluding the correlation peak window, the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d63) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d64) if the counted number in Step 62 is less than said threshold in Step 63, the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
13. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 10, further comprising after Step d13 if said conditions are satisfied:
d71) setting a threshold through emulation;
d72) calculating the differences between the maximum correlation peak and each correlation result point outside the correlation peak window but in the correlation result window;
d73) counting the number of the correlation result point with said difference less than said threshold of Step 71;
d74) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d75) if said counted number is less than said threshold in Step d74, the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
14. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said Step D further comprising:
d21) calculating, respectively, the mean value, total value, effective mean value with the interferences eliminated, andor effective total value with the interferences eliminated of the correlation results in the correlation peak window; calculating, respectively, the mean values, total values, effective mean values with the interferences eliminated, andor effective total values with the interferences eliminated of the correlation results in the front-side and rear-side windows; and calculating, respectively, the corresponding differences between the mean value, total value, effective mean value and effective total value of the correlation results in the correlation peak window and the mean values, total values, effective mean values and effective total values of the correlation results in the front-side and rear-side windows;
d22) through emulation, setting, respectively, one threshold corresponding to each of said differences in Step d21;
d23) if the differences between the mean value, total value, effective mean value and effective total value of the correlation results in the correlation peak window and the mean values, total values, effective mean values and effective total values of the correlation results in the front-side and rear-side windows are greater than the corresponding thresholds, respectively, determining that the conditions are satisfied.
15. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 14, further comprising after Step d23 if said conditions are satisfied:
d51) setting a threshold through emulation;
d52) counting in the correlation peak window the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d53) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d54) if the counted number in Step 52 is less than the set threshold in Step 53, further determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
16. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 14, further comprising after Step d23 if said conditions are satisfied:
d61) setting a threshold through emulation;
d62) counting in the correlation result window excluding the correlation peak window the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d63) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d64) if the counted number in Step 62 is less than said threshold in Step 63, determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
17. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 14, further comprising after Step d23 if said conditions are satisfied:
d71) setting a threshold through emulation;
d72) calculating the differences between the maximum correlation peak and each correlation result point outside the correlation peak window but in the correlation result window;
d73) counting the number of the correlation result point with said difference less than said threshold of Step 71;
d74) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d75) if said counted number is less than said threshold in Step d74, determining that the condition is satisfied, and otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
18. The method detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said Step D further comprising:
d31) calculating, respectively, the mean value, total value, effective mean value with the interferences eliminated, andor effective total value with the interferences eliminated of the correlation results in the correlation peak window;
d32) through emulation, setting, respectively, thresholds corresponding to said mean value, total value, effective mean value andor effective total value;
d33) if said mean value, total value, effective mean value andor effective total value of the correlation results are greater than the corresponding thresholds, respectively, determining that the conditions are satisfied.
19. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 18, further comprising after Step d33 if said conditions are satisfied:
d51) setting a threshold through emulation;
d52) counting in the correlation peak window the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d53) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d54) if the counted number in Step 52 is less than the set threshold in Step 53, further determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
20. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 18, further comprising after Step d33 if said conditions are satisfied:
d61) setting a threshold through emulation;
d62) counting, in the correlation result window excluding the correlation peak window, the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d63) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d64) if the counted number in Step 62 is less than said threshold in Step 63, further determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
21. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 18, further comprising after Step d33 if said conditions are satisfied:
d71) setting a threshold through emulation;
d72) calculating the differences between the maximum correlation peak and each correlation result point outside the correlation peak window but in the correlation result window;
d73) counting the number of the correlation result point with said difference less than said threshold of Step 71;
d74) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d75) if said counted number is less than said threshold in Step d74, further determining that the condition is satisfied, and otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
22. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 1, wherein said Step D further comprising:
d41) calculating, respectively, the mean values andor the total values andor the effective mean values with the interferences eliminated andor the effective total values with the interferences eliminated of the correlation results in the front-side and rear-side windows on both side of the correlation peak window;
d42) through emulation, setting, respectively, thresholds corresponding to said mean values, total values, effective mean values and effective total values;
d43) if said mean values, total values, effective mean values andor effective total values of the correlation results are greater than the corresponding thresholds respectively, determining that the conditions are satisfied.
23. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 22, further comprising after Step d43 if said conditions are satisfied:
d51) setting a threshold through emulation;
d52) counting t in the correlation peak window he number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d53) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d54) if the counted number in Step 52 is less than the set threshold in Step 53, further determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
24. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 22, further comprising after Step d43 if said conditions are satisfied:
d61) setting a threshold through emulation;
d62) counting, in the correlation result window excluding the correlation peak window the number of the correlation point whose correlation result value is greater than said threshold;
d63) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d64) if the counted number in Step 62 is less than said threshold in Step 63, further determining that the condition is satisfied, otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
25. The method for detecting random access of UE according to claim 22, further comprising after Step d43 if said conditions are satisfied:
d71) setting a threshold through emulation;
d72) calculating the differences between the maximum correlation peak and each correlation result point outside the correlation peak window but in the correlation result window;
d73) counting the number of the correlation result point with said difference less than said threshold of Step 71;
d74) setting a threshold for said counted number through emulation;
d75) if said counted number is less than said threshold in Step d74, further determining that the condition is satisfied, and otherwise the condition is unsatisfied.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A monitoring circuit for an energy storage device, the energy storage device having a multiplicity of cells each having a first terminal and a second terminal, that provide a voltage in each case between the first terminal and second terminal, and which are connected in series, wherein in each case the second terminal of a first cell is connected to the first terminal of a second cell, the monitoring circuit comprising:
at least two voltage-measuring circuits including a first voltage-measuring circuit and a second voltage-measuring circuit each having a first measuring input and a second measuring input, said voltage-measuring circuits each measuring a voltage between said first measuring input and said second measuring input of said voltage-measuring circuits, said second measuring input of said first voltage-measuring circuit is connected to said first measuring input of said second voltage-measuring circuit;
a first connecting lead for connecting the first terminal of the first cell to said first measuring input of said first voltage-measuring circuit;
a second connecting lead for connecting the second terminal of the first cell to said second measuring input of said first voltage-measuring circuit; and
a first loading resistor capable of being switched between said second measuring input of said first voltage-measuring circuit and a first fixed potential.
2. The monitoring circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a second loading resistor capable of being switched between said first measuring input of said first voltage-measuring circuit and a second fixed potential.
3. The monitoring circuit according to claim 2, wherein said voltage-measuring circuits each have an internal resistor between said first and second measuring inputs with an ohmic resistance value of Rh and said first loading resistor and said second loading resistor each have an ohmic resistance value of Rn, wherein the following applies:
Rn<Rh.
4. The monitoring circuit according to claim 3, wherein Rn<10\xb7Rh.
5. The monitoring circuit according to claim 2, further comprising:
diodes and said first loading resistor and said second loading resistor are each connected in series with one of said diodes, and a series connections formed from said loading resistor and said diode each having a first and a second external terminal; and
a transistor having a load path with a first terminal and a second terminal, said first terminal of said load path connected to the fixed potential and said second terminal of said load path connected to said second external terminals of said series connections formed from said loading resistor and said diode.
6. The monitoring circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first fixed potential and the second fixed potential are at a same potential.
7. The monitoring circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a switch connected in series with said first loading resistor, said series connection and said first loading resistor are connected between said first measuring input of said voltage-measuring circuit and the fixed potential, wherein said switch is switched on and off cyclically.
8. The monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein the cells are rechargeable batteries.
9. The monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein the cells are embodied as capacitors.
10. The monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first fixed potential is connected to ground.
11. The monitoring circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third connecting lead for connecting the second terminal of the second cell to said second measuring input of said second voltage-measuring circuit; and
a third loading resistor for a connection that can be switched between said second measuring input of said second voltage-measuring circuit and a fixed potential.
12. A method for monitoring an energy storage device, the energy storage device having a multiplicity of cells each having a first and a second terminal that provide a voltage in each case between the first and second terminals and are connected in series, wherein in each case a second terminal of a first cell is connected to a first terminal of a second cell, which comprises the steps of:
a) providing a monitoring circuit containing:
at least two voltage-measuring circuits including a first voltage-measuring circuit and a second voltage-measuring circuit each having a first measuring input and a second measuring input, the voltage-measuring circuits each measuring a voltage between the first measuring input and the second measuring input of the voltage-measuring circuits, the second measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit is connected to the first measuring input of the second voltage-measuring circuit;
a first connecting lead for connecting the first terminal of the first cell to the first measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit;
a second connecting lead for connecting the second terminal of the first cell to the second measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit; and
a first loading resistor capable of being switched between the second measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit and a first fixed potential;
b) switching the first loading resistor such that the first loading resistor does not form a connection between the second measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit and the first fixed potential;
c) measuring the voltage at the first and second measuring inputs of the first voltage-measuring circuit resulting in a first measurement;
d) switching the first loading resistor such that the first loading resistor forms a connection between the second measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit and the first fixed potential;
e) measuring the voltage at the first and second measuring inputs of the first voltage-measuring circuit resulting in a second measurement; and
f) comparing the first measurement with the second measurement.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
at step a) the monitoring circuit is provided in which a second loading resistor is provided capable of being switched between the first measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit and a second fixed potential;
at step c) an additional step is provided at which the second loading resistor is switched in such a way that the second loading resistor does not form a connection between the first measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit and the second fixed potential; and
at step e) an additional step is provided at which the second loading resistor is switched in such a way that the second loading resistor forms a connection between the first measuring input of the first voltage-measuring circuit and the second fixed potential.
14. The method according to claim 12, which further comprises:
outputting status information in each case during the measuring at step c);
during the measuring at step e), the status information indicating whether one of an undervoltage, an overvoltage and a normal voltage is present; and
in step f), comparing the status information output at step c) with the status information output at step e).