What is claimed is:
1. An oxidizing system comprising:
ascorbic acid
at least one metal ion and
an oxidizing agent capable of generating an oxidizing potential of from 100 to 500 millivolts, wherein said system has a pH ranging from 2 to 10.
2. An oxidizing system according to claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent is an alkali metal salt; an ammonium salt; a phosphate salt of perborate, percarbonate, persulfate or peroxide; or a mixture thereof.
3. An oxidizing system according to claim 2, wherein said oxidizing agent is sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, potassium perborate, or urea peroxide.
4. An oxidizing system according to claim 3, wherein said oxidizing agent is sodium perborate.
5. An oxidizing system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one metal ion is selected from copper ions, iron ions, manganese ions, magnesium ions, and mixtures thereof.
6. An oxidizing system according to claim 5, wherein said at least one metal ion is Cu2, Fe3, Mn2, or Mg2.
7. An oxidizing system according to claim 6, wherein said at least one metal ion is Cu2.
8. An oxidizing system according to claim 1, wherein the source of said at least one metal ion is a complex of metal ions and at least one agent capable of complexation with metal ions.
9. An oxidizing system according to claim 8, wherein said at least one agent is a sugar, a peptide, an amino acid, or a protein.
10. An oxidizing system according to claim 9, wherein said sugar is glucose, sucrose, lactose, or maltose.
11. An oxidizing system according to claim 10, wherein said complex is a metallo-sugar complex selected from copper (II) gluconate, ferric (III) gluconate, manganese (II) gluconate, and magnesium (II) gluconate.
12. An oxidizing system according to claim 11, wherein said metallo-sugar complex is copper (II) gluconate.
13. An oxidizing system according to claim 4, wherein said ascorbic acid and said sodium perborate are present in a ratio ranging from about 1:2 to about 1:10 molmol.
14. An oxidizing system according to claim 13, wherein said ascorbic acid and said sodium perborate are present in a ratio of about 1:4 molmol.
15. An oxidizing system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one metal ion is present in an amount of from 3 to 30 ppm.
16. An oxidizing system according to claim 15, wherein said at least one metal ion is present in an amount of 15-20 ppm.
17. An oxidizing system according to claim 1, wherein the pH of said oxidizing system ranges from 5 to 10.
18. An oxidizing system according to claim 17, wherein the pH of said oxidizing system ranges from 7.5 to 10.
19. An oxidizing system according to claim 1, wherein said oxidizing potential is at least 150 millivolts.
20. A method for the oxidation dyeing of hair without bleaching, said method comprising:
applying to said hair a dye composition;
developing color at acidic, neutral or alkaline pH using an oxidizing system comprising ascorbic acid, at least one metal ion, and an oxidizing agent capable of generating an oxidizing potential of from 100 to 500 millivolts at a pH ranging from 2 to 10, wherein said oxidizing system is added to the dye composition at the time of use either:
(i) separately from the dye composition at the same time that said dyeing composition is applied to said hair or
(ii) sequentially with the dye composition.
21. A method for quenching a permanent waving composition that has been applied to human hair, said method comprising:
applying to said hair an aqueous permanent waving composition that reduces the keratin disulfide bonds of said hair;
subsequently applying to said hair an oxidizing system comprising ascorbic acid, at least one metal ion, and an oxidizing agent capable of generating an oxidizing potential of from 100 to 500 millivolts at a pH ranging from 2 to 10, wherein said oxidizing system re-oxidizes the keratin disulfide bonds and thus permanently reconfigures the hair.
22. A multi-compartment device, or multi-compartment permanent wave kit, comprising a first compartment containing a permanent wave composition and a second compartment containing an oxidizing system as defined in claim 1.
23. A multi-compartment device, or multi-compartment dyeing kit, comprising a first compartment containing a dye composition and a second compartment containing an oxidizing system as defined in claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of manufacturing a lithium electrochemical cell containing less than 1500 ppm by weight of sodium, the method comprising
(a) cleaning a case with a solution that does not contain sodium,
(b) providing a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte comprising propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, these components having sufficiently low quantities of sodium that, when combined with the case, can provide a lithium electrochemical cell containing less than 1500 ppm by weight of sodium, and
(c) assembling the cathode, the anode, the separator, and the electrolyte from step (b) into the case from step (a) to provide a lithium electrochemical cell containing less than 1500 ppm by weight of sodium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cathode includes electrolytic manganese dioxide that has been washed or neutralized after deposition with an agent that does not include sodium.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cathode includes electrolytic manganese dioxide that has been washed or neutralized after deposition with lithium hydroxide.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell contains less than 1200 ppm by weight of sodium.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell contains less than 1000 ppm by weight of sodium.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell contains less than 800 ppm by weight of sodium.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell contains less than 600 ppm by weight of sodium.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises:
40-80% by weight of the dimethoxyethane,
20-60% by weight of the propylene carbonate, and
between 0.4 M and 1.2 M of the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide combined.
9. A method of manufacturing a lithium electrochemical cell containing less than 1500 ppm by weight of sodium, the method comprising
(a) cleaning a case with a solution that does not contain sodium,
(b) providing a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte comprising ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, these components having sufficiently low quantities of sodium that, when combined with the case, can provide a lithium electrochemical cell containing less than 1500 ppm by weight of sodium, and
(c) assembling the cathode, the anode, the separator, and the electrolyte from step (b) into the case from step (a) to provide a lithium electrochemical cell containing less than 1500 ppm by weight of sodium.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cathode includes electrolytic manganese dioxide that has been washed or neutralized after deposition with an agent that does not include sodium.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the cathode includes electrolytic manganese dioxide that has been washed or neutralized after deposition with lithium hydroxide.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the cell contains less than 1200 ppm by weight of sodium.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the cell contains less than 1000 ppm by weight of sodium.
14. The method of claim 9, wherein the cell contains less than 800 ppm by weight of sodium.
15. The cell of claim 9, wherein the cell contains less than 600 ppm by weight of sodium.
16. The method of claim 9, wherein the electrolyte comprises:
less than 30% by weight of ethylene carbonate,
40-85% by weight of dimethoxyethane, and
between 0.4 M and 1.2 M of the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide combined.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the electrolyte comprises:
10-20% by weight of ethylene carbonate;
50-70% by weight of dimethoxyethane.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the electrolyte comprises:
5-15% by weight of ethylene carbonate;
70-80% by weight of dimethoxyethane; and
10-20% by weight of propylene carbonate.