1. A method of controlling a wastegate actuator coupled to a wastegate valve of a turbocharged internal combustion engine having an electronic controller including executable instructions stored in non-transitory memory, comprising:
determining a wastegate actuation force based on a determined bias force supplied by a bias and a determined net exhaust flow force across the wastegate valve via the electronic controller during engine operation; and
adjusting the wastegate actuator coupled to the wastegate valve in an exhaust passage of the engine to control a boost level in an intake of the engine in response to the wastegate actuation force via the electronic controller.
2. The method of claim 1 further including
adjusting a current supplied to the actuator, the bias including a spring, the spring pre-loaded with the wastegate fully closed, and where the electronic controller determines the net exhaust flow force across the wastegate valve based on a pressure differential across the valve.
3. The method of claim 1 further including
adjusting a voltage supplied to the actuator, the bias including a spring, the spring pre-loaded with the wastegate fully closed, and where the electronic controller determines the net exhaust flow force across the wastegate valve based on a lookup table with wastegate position as an input.
4. The method of claim 1 further including adjusting a duty cycle supplied to the actuator, the bias including a spring, the spring pre-loaded with the wastegate fully closed.
5. The method of claim 2 further including supplying a first current to move the wastegate valve toward a fully open position, and supplying a second current to move the wastegate valve toward a fully closed position.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first current is greater than the second current, and
wherein the supply of the first and second currents generates respective forces.
7. A wastegate system for a turbocharged internal combustion engine, comprising:
a wastegate valve disposed along an exhaust manifold of the engine;
an actuator operatively coupled to the wastegate valve;
a bias coupled to the wastegate valve, the bias supplying a closing force to the wastegate valve and the bias being pre-loaded in a fully closed position; and
an electronic controller including non-transitory instructions stored in memory executable to:
determine a bias force supplied by the bias;
determine a net exhaust flow force across the wastegate valve;
determine an actuator force by adding the bias force to the net exhaust flow force; and
adjust the actuator based on the actuator force.
8. The wastegate of claim 7 wherein the bias is a spring, and where the instructions are further executable to determine the bias force based on a spring pre-load force.
9. The wastegate of claim 7 wherein the bias maintains the wastegate valve in the fully closed position up to a threshold pressure via the closing force.
10. A method of controlling via an electronic controller including non-transitory instructions stored in memory an engine turbocharger wastegate valve via an electric actuator, comprising:
at a first fully closed position of the wastegate valve, supplying a first current via the electronic controller;
at a second partially open position of the wastegate valve, supplying a second current, greater than the first current via the electronic controller; and
at a third open position of the wastegate valve greater than the second partially open position, supplying a third current, greater than the second current; and
wherein the first, second and third currents are determined via the electronic controller in response to a net exhaust flow force determined by the electronic controller across the wastegate valve.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising at the first fully closed position, adjusting the first current responsive to engine operating conditions determined by the electronic controller.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first current is increased at the first fully closed position responsive to increasing exhaust manifold pressure, with the wastegate valve remaining at the first fully closed position.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first current is decreased at the first fully closed position responsive to decreasing exhaust manifold pressure, with the wastegate valve remaining at the first fully closed position.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the engine operating conditions include one or more of an exhaust pressure, engine speed, engine load, spark retard, and air-fuel ratio.
15. The method of claim 10, further comprising via the electronic controller supplying a current responsive to an instantaneous position of the electric actuator determined by the electronic controller.
16. The method of claim 10, further comprising in a degraded operation mode of the electric actuator, limiting an engine load, the degraded operation mode determined by the electronic controller.
17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining a bias force; and
determining a wastegate actuation force by adding the determined net exhaust flow force to the bias force.
18. The method of claim 10 further comprising mapping a desired wastegate valve position determined by the electronic controller to a wastegate duty cycle for a given wastegate actuator force.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the wastegate valve is adjusted by adjusting the wastegate duty cycle delivered to the electric actuator from the electronic controller.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A personal security device in combination with a user’s communication device, the communication device capable of transmitting a signal, said security device comprising:
a housing;
an interface module in said housing for communication with the user’s communication device;
a circuit in said housing having a plurality of security components therein;
means for providing power to said circuit;
microprocessor means for regulating activation of said security components in said circuit;
a trigger, an operation of said trigger assembly causing operation of said microprocessor means for activating the security components, at least one of said components including means for providing a signal for transmission by the user’s communication device to a security monitor via the interface module indicative of a security problem.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said trigger comprises an accelerometer, said accelerometer alternatively causing operation of said microprocessor means for activating said security components upon sensing a predetermined stimulus.
3. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of said security components further comprises:
a camera module in said circuit, said microprocessor means activating said camera module to visually record the area about said security device.
4. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of said security components comprises:
a first voice module in said circuit for storing a prerecorded message, said message producing at least one said signal for transmission to the security monitor indicative of the prerecorded message.
5. The device as claimed in claim 4 wherein at least one of said security components further comprises:
a second voice module in said circuit for recording the ambient audio surrounding said device, said ambient recording producing at least one of said signals for transmission to the security monitor indicative of the ambient noise.
6. The device as claimed in claim 5 wherein said microprocessor means regulates an alternative transmission of said messages in said first and second voice modules to the security monitor.
7. The device as claimed in claim 6 further comprising:
a microphone for establishing direct communication with the security monitor via said interface module, said microphone either operable by a user or placed in an operable state after a preselected time by said microprocessor means whereby to transmit live audio of the ambient surroundings to the security monitor.
8. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of said security components comprises an audio alarm in said circuit, said alarm activated as regulated by said microprocessor means.
9. The device as claimed in claim 2 wherein at least one of said security components comprises a visual alarm in said circuit, said visual alarm activated as regulated by said microprocessor means.
10. The device as claimed in claim 9 wherein said microprocessor means alternately energizes said visual and audio alarms.
11. The device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising means for synchronizing said activation of said security components to preclude undesirable interference therebetween.
12. The device as claimed in claim 11 further comprising:
a mace canister for discharge of the mace therefrom;
value means for controlling a discharge of mace from said canister, a depression of said trigger assembly discharging mace from said canister.
13. The device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising means on said housing for manually inflicting undesirable pressure by the user on another party.
14. The device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said interface module comprises a Bluetooth\xae module.
15. A personal security device in combination with a user’s communication device, the communication device capable of transmitting a wireless signal, said security device comprising:
a housing;
an interface module for establishing communication between the security device and the user’s communication device;
a circuit in said housing having a plurality of security components therein, said components including a visual alarm and an audio alarm and a prerecorded message identifying the user;
means for providing power to said circuit;
microprocessor means for regulating an activation of said components;
a trigger, an operation of said trigger causing operation of said microprocessor means for activating said alarms and transmitting said prerecorded message to the user’s communication device via said interface module for transmission to a security monitor.
16. The device as claimed in claim 15 wherein said trigger comprises an accelerometer, said accelerometer alternatively causing said operation of said microprocessor means for activating said security components and transmission of said message.
17. The device as claimed in claim 15 further comprising:
a voice module in said circuit for automatically recording the ambient audio surrounding said device, said ambient recording transmitted to the security monitor via said established module and communication device upon said operation of said microprocessor means.
18. The device as claimed in claim 17 wherein said microprocessor means alternately transmits said message and audio to the security monitor.
19. A personal security device for interface with a user s communication device, the communication device capable of transmitting a signal, said security device comprising:
a housing;
an interface module in said housing for establishing said interface with the user’s communication device;
a circuit in said housing having a plurality of security components therein;
means for providing power to said circuit;
microprocessor means for regulating an activation of said components, said components including a visual alarm, an audio alarm, a prerecorded first audio message identifying the user and means for recording a second message indicative of the audio surrounding the security device;
a trigger, an operation of said trigger activating said alarms and transmitting said messages to the security monitor via the user’s communication device linked to said interface module;
means for synchronizing said alarms and transmission of messages in a preselected manner to preclude interference therebetween.
20. The device as claimed in claim 19 wherein said trigger comprises an accelerometer, said accelerometer causing operation of said microprocessor means.