1. A flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition comprising:
(A) about 60 wt % to about 90 wt % of a polycarbonate resin comprising a first polycarbonate having a weight average molecular weight from about 30,000 gmol to about 50,000 gmol and a second polycarbonate having a weight average molecular weight from about 5,000 gmol to about 20,000 gmol;
(B) about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % of an aromatic vinyl resin having a fogging index (FI) of about 0.8 or less as calculated by Equation 1;
(C) about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight of an impact modifier based on about 100 parts by weight of (A)+(B); and
(D) about 5 parts by weight to about 30 parts by weight of a flame retardant based on about 100 parts by weight of (A)+(B):
Fogging index (FI)=W1W0\xd7100\u2003\u2003Equation 1
wherein W1 is a weight of unreacted monomers and oligomers deposited on a lid after placing about 10 g of an aromatic vinyl resin in a soda-lime petri dish having a diameter of about 55 mm, closing and sealing the lid, and reacting the aromatic vinyl resin at 250\xb0 C. for 20 minutes therein; and W0 is an initial weight of the aromatic vinyl resin.
2. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin (A) includes the first polycarbonate in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % and the second polycarbonate in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 90 wt %.
3. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the (B) aromatic vinyl resin is a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer.
4. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the (B) aromatic vinyl resin has a weight average molecular weight from about 30,000 gmol to about 200,000 gmol.
5. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the (C) impact modifier is a rubber-modified vinyl graft copolymer.
6. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 5, wherein the (C) rubber-modified vinyl graft copolymer has a structure in which an unsaturated monomer is grafted to a rubber core to form a shell, and the unsaturated monomer comprising an aromatic vinyl monomer and at least one monomer copolymerizable with the aromatic vinyl monomer.
7. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the (D) flame retardant is a phosphorus flame retardant.
8. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the (D) flame retardant is a mixture of solid and liquid flame retardants.
9. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, further comprising (E) polyarylene ether.
10. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 9, comprising the (E) polyarylene ether in an amount of about 1 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on about 100 parts by weight of (A)+(B).
11. The flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition has a flame retardancy level of V-0 or higher as measured on an about 1.2 mm thick specimen in accordance with the UL-94 vertical test method, an Izod impact strength from about 10 kgf\xb7cmcm to about 60 kgf\xb7cmcm as measured on an about \u215b\u2033 thick specimen in accordance with ASTM D256, and a melt flow index (MI) from about 10 g10 min to about 50 g10 min as measured at about 220\xb0 C. under a load of about 10 kg in accordance with ASTM D1238.
12. A molded article produced from the flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A device for analyzing an information signal having a sequence of blocks of information units, wherein a plurality of consecutive blocks of the sequence of blocks represents an information entity, using a sequence of fingerprints for the sequence of blocks so that the sequence of blocks is represented by the sequence of fingerprints, comprising:
a unit for providing identification results for consecutive fingerprints, wherein an identification result represents an association of a block of information units with a predetermined information entity, and wherein there is a reliability measure for each identification result, wherein the unit for providing is designed to generate a first identification result for a first fingerprint, and to generate a second identification result differing from the first identification result for a following block;
a unit for forming at least two hypotheses from the identification results for the consecutive fingerprints, wherein a first hypothesis is an assumption for the association of the sequence of blocks with a first information entity, and wherein a second hypothesis is an assumption for the association of the sequence of blocks with a second information entity, wherein the unit for forming is designed to start the first hypothesis or continue the already existing first hypothesis in response to the first identification result and to start the second hypothesis or to continue the already existing second hypothesis in response to the second identification result;
a unit for examining the at least two hypotheses by combining the reliability measures of the hypotheses to obtain an examination result; and
a unit for making a statement on the information signal based on the examination result.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for examining is designed to examine the hypotheses with respect to probability information applying to the hypotheses.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for making a statement is designed to determine that the sequence of blocks represents an information entity having a hypothesis that is most likely, or that an information entity ends with the fingerprint that contributes to the most likely hypothesis as the last one in time, or that an information entity is present in the information signal or not.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for providing is designed to generate two different identification results for a fingerprint.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the unit for providing is designed to generate a reliability measure for each one of the two different identification results.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein the unit for forming is designed to associate a first one of the two identification results with the first hypothesis and to associate a second one of the two identification results with the second hypothesis.
7. The device of claim 3, wherein the unit for examining is designed to determine the hypothesis that has a higher combined reliability measure.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for forming is designed to end the first or second hypotheses when a predetermined number of blocks will neither obtain an identification result indicating the first information entity nor an identification result indicating the second information entity.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for forming is designed to end the first or second hypotheses when a detected event occurs in the information signal.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein there is an event detector, which is designed to detect an energy level in a block of information units that is below a threshold level as the event.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for providing is designed to output only the most reliable identification result without or with reliability measure for each fingerprint, to output a predetermined number of most reliable fingerprints, each with or without reliability measure, for a fingerprint, or to output only the identification results having a reliability measure above a threshold with or without reliability measures for a fingerprint.
12. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for examining is designed to add explicit or implicit reliability measures belonging to a hypothesis to obtain a combined reliability measure.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for providing is designed
to perform a search in a database, in which fingerprints of reference information entities are stored, with a fingerprint, and
to provide a number of identification results and a distance measure for each identification result as indication of a reliability measure for each identification result.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the unit for providing is designed to start a new hypothesis for each identification result for which there is no hypothesis yet, when a distance measure for the identification result has a relationship to a threshold indicating a smaller distance than a threshold distance.
15. The device of claim 1, wherein the unit for examining is designed to end, in response to a determination, all hypotheses for the consecutive fingerprints that have been formed for the fingerprints that are covered by the most likely hypothesis.
16. The device of claim 1, wherein the information signal includes an audio signal, wherein the information unit are audio samples in the time or frequency domain, and wherein an information entity includes a piece of music, a spoken sequence or a noise portion.
17. The device of claim 1, wherein a fingerprint for a block is determined by a timefrequency conversion andor by calculation of a spectral flatness measure for a result of the timefrequency conversion.
18. The device of claim 1, wherein a fingerprint for a block is generated so that the fingerprint has an amount of data that is smaller than an amount of data of the block.
19. The device of claim 1,
wherein the unit for providing identification results is designed to provide, in addition to an identification result, also a new time index for the identification result, and
wherein the unit for forming hypotheses is designed to continue a hypothesis if there is a continuity between a most current time index in the hypothesis and the new time index, or to start a hypothesis if there is no continuity.
20. A method for analyzing an information signal having a sequence of blocks of information units, wherein a plurality of consecutive blocks of the sequence of blocks represents an information entity, using a sequence of fingerprints for the sequence of blocks so that the sequence of blocks is represented by the sequence of fingerprints, comprising:
providing identification results for consecutive fingerprints, wherein an identification result represents an association of a block of information units with a predetermined information entity, and wherein there is a reliability measure for each identification result, wherein, in the step of providing, a first identification result is generated for a first fingerprint and a second identification result differing from the first identification result is generated for a following block;
forming at least two hypotheses from the identification results for the consecutive fingerprints, wherein a first hypothesis is an assumption for the association of the sequence of blocks with a first information entity, and wherein the second hypothesis is an assumption for an association of the sequence of blocks with a second information entity, wherein the step of forming comprises:
starting the first hypothesis or continuing the already existing first hypothesis in response to the first identification result, and starting the second hypothesis or continuing the already existing second hypothesis in response to the second identification result;
examining the at least two hypotheses by combining the reliability measures of the hypotheses to obtain an examination result; and
making a statement on the information signal based on the examination result.
21. A computer program having a program code for performing a method, when the program runs on a computer, for analyzing an information signal having a sequence of blocks of information units, wherein a plurality of consecutive blocks of the sequence of blocks represents an information entity, using a sequence of fingerprints for the sequence of blocks so that the sequence of blocks is represented by the sequence of fingerprints, comprising providing identification results for consecutive fingerprints, wherein an identification result represents an association of a block of information units with a predetermined information entity, and wherein there is a reliability measure for each identification result, wherein, in the step of providing, a first identification result is generated for a first fingerprint and a second identification result differing from the first identification result is generated for a following block; forming at least two hypotheses from the identification results for the consecutive fingerprints, wherein a first hypothesis is an assumption for the association of the sequence of blocks with a first information entity, and wherein the second hypothesis is an assumption for an association of the sequence of blocks with a second information entity, wherein the step of forming comprises starting the first hypothesis or continuing the already existing first hypothesis in response to the first identification result, and starting the second hypothesis or continuing the already existing second hypothesis in response to the second identification result; examining the at least two hypotheses by combining the reliability measures of the hypotheses to obtain an examination result; and making a statement on the information signal based on the examination result.