1. Compounds of formula 1:
29
wherein
R is a group of formula
30
wherein
B is a C6-C10 aryl group, optionally substituted at the ortho-, meta- or para-positions with one or more substituents, which are the same or different, selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkoxy, C1-C2 halo alkyl, C1-C3 alkyl, halogens, carboxy, cyano, nitro; a C5-C7 cycloalkyl group, a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic aromatic group, optionally benzofused, having at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur; said heterocyclic group optionally having one or more substituents as described above for the aryl group;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl or a phenyl group optionally substituted as indicated above;
R1 is a straight or branched C2-C8 acyl group
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
2. Compounds as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is a group of formula
31
and B is an optionally substituted phenyl group as defined in claim 1, or a naphthyl group or a benzofused heterocyclic group.
3. Compounds as claimed in claim 1 wherein R is a group of formula
32
4. Compounds as claimed in claims 1-3 as central analgesic agents.
5. The use of the compounds of claims 1-3 for the preparation of analgesic medicaments.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image display apparatus comprising:
a liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel that displays an image for a first eyepoint and a pixel that displays an image for a second eyepoint are arranged in a matrix shape;
optical means which distributes light emitted from the pixel that displays the image for the first eyepoint and light emitted from the pixel that displays the image for the second eyepoint in mutually different directions;
a first control electrode and a second control electrode disposed on each pixel in the display units; and
a plurality of domain regions of which an orientation of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a diagonal electric field or a lateral electric field formed by the first control electrode and the second control electrode and which have different liquid crystal molecule orientation states,
wherein, assuming that a direction of the light distributed by the optical means is a first direction and a direction orthogonal to the first direction is a second direction,
the optical principal axis of the optical means effectively passes through the center points of the display units and extends in the second direction;
each pixel in the display units is disposed along the first direction;
overlapping regions which overlap each other in the second direction are formed on each pixel adjacent to the first direction; and
the display units arranged in the second direction in the overlapping regions comprise different electric field structures which are formed depending on the display units, and respective domain regions disposed according to the electric field structures are disposed along the optical principal axis, and
wherein
the second control electrode disposed on an upper layer of the first control electrode via an insulating film comprises a plurality of slits extending in the first direction;
any one of the control electrodes is composed of a pixel electrode which can be independently driven in each of the pixels; and
a section between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction tilts in a direction different from the second direction in the overlapping region and is repeatedly disposed across the optical principal axis in each of the display units arranged in the second direction,
wherein
assuming that an angle between the second direction and a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC is (90-\u03b8) degree(s) and an angle between the second direction and a tilt direction between the pixel electrodes is \u03c6, a first region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (90-\u03b8) degree(s), a second region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (\u03c6+\u03b8) degree(s), and a third region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (\u03c6-\u03b8) degree(s) are disposed on at least the optical principal axis and are periodically disposed along the second direction.
2. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first control electrode is a pixel electrode which can be controlled in each of the pixels;
the second control electrode is a common electrode in which a plurality of slits arranged in the second direction are disposed on an upper layer of the first control electrode depending on the pixel electrode;
the common electrode has a common potential in each pixel;
the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a potential of the pixel electrode disposed on each pixel; and
some of the slits are disposed across the optical principal axis in the overlapping region.
3. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a control wiring line disposed across the optical principal axis in the overlapping region is disposed without overlapping the first control electrode.
4. The image display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the second control electrode is disposed to cover the control wiring line.
5. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a first row in which the display units comprising pixels displaying a data signal with same polarity of a positive polarity or a negative polarity are alternately repeatedly disposed in the first direction, and
a second row in which the display units comprising pixels with different polarities are repeated in the first direction,
wherein the first row and the second row are alternately disposed in the second direction.
6. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
assuming that a region in which respective pixels in the display units do not overlap each other in the second direction is a non-overlapping region, a domain region composed of the same electric field structure is disposed in each display unit arranged in the second direction in the non-overlapping region; and
a width, in the first direction, of the domain region in the non-overlapping region is set to be larger than widths, in the first direction, of the plurality of the domain regions disposed in the overlapping region.
7. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ends of the slits disposed in the second control electrode are shifted and disposed in the first direction and the second direction in a boundary between pixels adjacent to each other in the first direction.
8. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ends of the slits are formed in a non-rectangular shape and are disposed along the overlapping region.
9. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ends of the slits are formed in a rectangular shape.
10. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ends of the slits are curved.
11. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the pixels has an opening with a trapezoidal shape and is disposed to be symmetric with respect to the center points of the display units.
12. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the pixels has an opening with a parallelogram shape.
13. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an expanded width, in an image separation direction, of the overlapping region enlarged by the optical means is set to be equal or smaller than a width between both eyes of an observer at an observation distance where a three-dimensional vision range is maximum.
14. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a tilt angle between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction is a tilt angle \u03c6 or -\u03c6 with respect to the second direction; and
a range of the tilt angle \u03c6 is set at zero degree or more and 55 degrees or less.
15. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the pixel comprises switching means connected to the first control electrode; a gate line for controlling the switching means; and a data line for inputting an image signal into the first control electrode through the switching means;
an adjacent pixel pair comprising two pixels disposed across one gate line and arranged in the second direction is composed as a base unit for driving; and
the respective switching means included in the two pixels are controlled by the common gate line sandwiched between the two pixels and are connected to different data lines.
16. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the pixel comprises switching means connected to the first control electrode; a gate line for controlling the switching means; and a data line for inputting an image signal into the first control electrode through the switching means;
an adjacent pixel pair comprising two pixels disposed across one data line and arranged in the second direction is composed as a base unit for driving; and
the respective switching means included in the two pixels are connected to the common data line sandwiched between the two pixels and are controlled by different gate lines.
17. A method for driving the image display apparatus according to claim 15, comprising:
scanning the gate lines every two gate lines;
reversing the voltage polarity of each pixel every one gate line; and
reversing the polarity of each transmitted display data every one data line.
18. A method for driving the image display apparatus according to claim 16, comprising:
scanning the gate lines every two gate lines;
reversing the voltage polarity of each pixel every one gate line; and
reversing the polarity of each transmitted display data every one data line.
19. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
assuming that a region in which respective pixels in the display units do not overlap each other in the second direction is a non-overlapping region, a width, in the second direction, of a light shielding section in the non-overlapping region is set depending on the average transmittance of a liquid crystal layer in the overlapping region.
20. The image display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein
the light shielding section is curved in the non-overlapping region; and
the width of the light shielding section in the second direction is largest in the center of the pixels.
21. An image display apparatus comprising:
a liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of display units including at least a pixel that displays an image for a first eyepoint and a pixel that displays an image for a second eyepoint are arranged in a matrix shape;
optical means which distributes light emitted from the pixel that displays the image for the first eyepoint and light emitted from the pixel that displays the image for the second eyepoint in mutually different directions depending on a predetermined signal;
a first control electrode and a second control electrode disposed on each pixel in the display units; and
a plurality of domain regions of which an orientation of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a diagonal electric field or a lateral electric field formed by the first control electrode and the second control electrode and which have different liquid crystal molecule orientation states,
wherein, assuming that a direction of the light distributed by the optical means is a first direction and a direction orthogonal to the first direction is a second direction, a region in which respective pixels in the display units overlap each other in the second direction is an overlapping region, a case in which a predetermined signal is input into the optical means is a 3D mode, and the other case is a 2D mode,
the optical means comprises an optical principal axis that effectively passes through a center point of the display units and extends in the second direction;
the control electrodes in the overlapping region are disposed in a direction different from the second direction;
the overlapping region is repeatedly bent and disposed to be across the optical principal axis in each of the display units arranged in the second direction;
each of the regions in different liquid crystal molecule orientation states is disposed in each of the display units arranged in the second direction along the overlapping region;
the regions in different liquid crystal molecule orientation states are disposed effectively periodically disposed along the optical principal axis; and
the driving polarity of a pixel is different between the 3D mode and the 2D mode,
wherein
the second control electrode disposed on an upper layer of the first control electrode via an insulating film comprises a plurality of slits extending in the first direction;
any one of the control electrodes is composed of a pixel electrode which can be independently driven in each of the pixels; and
a section between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction tilts in a direction different from the second direction in the overlapping region and is repeatedly disposed across the optical principal axis in each of the display units arranged in the second direction,
wherein
assuming that an angle between the second direction and a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC is (90-\u03b8) degree(s) and an angle between the second direction and a tilt direction between the pixel electrodes is \u03c6, a first region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (90-\u03b8) degree(s), a second region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (\u03c6+\u03b8) degree(s), and a third region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (\u03c6-\u03b8) degree(s) are disposed on at least the optical principal axis and are periodically disposed along the second direction.
22. The image display apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
a display state in the 2D mode leads to a driving polarity in which display units comprising pixels with the same polarity are arranged in the second direction; and
a display state in the 3D mode leads to a driving polarity in which display units comprising pixels with different polarities and display units comprising pixels with the same polarity are alternately arranged in the second direction.
23. A liquid crystal display element in which a plurality of square pixels, which comprises at least two subpixels and in which a plurality of display units comprising subpixels having the same color are arranged, are arranged in a matrix shape, wherein
a control electrode pair comprising a first control electrode and a second control electrode disposed in each pixel in the display units and a plurality of domain regions in different liquid crystal molecule orientation states, of which an orientation of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a diagonal electric field or a lateral electric field formed by the first control electrode and the second control electrode are included;
assuming that a direction in which the subpixels are arranged is a first direction, a direction orthogonal to the first direction is a second direction, and a region in which respective subpixels in the display units overlap each other in the second direction is an overlapping region,
the control electrodes in the overlapping region are disposed in a direction different from the second direction;
the overlapping region is bent and repeatedly disposed in each of the display units arranged in the second direction; and
each of the regions in different liquid crystal molecule orientation states is disposed in each display unit arranged in the second direction in the overlapping region,
wherein
the second control electrode disposed on an upper layer of the first control electrode via an insulating film comprises a plurality of slits extending in the first direction;
any one of the control electrodes is composed of a pixel electrode which can be independently driven in each of the pixels; and
a section between the pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction tilts in a direction different from the second direction in the overlapping region and is repeatedly disposed across the optical principal axis in each of the display units arranged in the second direction,
wherein
assuming that an angle between the second direction and a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC is (90-\u03b8) degree(s) and an angle between the second direction and a tilt direction between the pixel electrodes is \u03c6, a first region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (90-\u03b8) degree(s), a second region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (\u03c6+\u03b8) degree(s), and a third region in which an angle between a liquid crystal initial orientation direction \u03b8LC and a liquid crystal driving electric field direction \u03c6E satisfies (\u03c6-\u03b8) degree(s) are disposed on at least the optical principal axis and are periodically disposed along the second direction.
24. A portable device comprising the image display apparatus according to claim 1.
25. A portable device comprising the image display apparatus according to claim 21.