1. A bone conduction device for enhancing the hearing of a recipient, comprising:
a sound input element configured to receive an acoustic sound signal;
an electronics module configured to generate an electrical signal representing said acoustic sound signal; and
a piezoelectric transducer comprising at least one piezoelectric element configured to deform along at least one axis in response to an application of said electrical signal thereto, said transducer configured to generate a transducer stroke based on said deformation, said transducer stroke having a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of said deformation,
wherein said transducer stroke is utilized to generate a mechanical force for delivery to the recipient’s skull.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein said transducer comprises a mechanical amplifier coupled to said piezoelectric element configured to convert said deformation of said piezoelectric element into a deflection of one or portions of said mechanical amplifier that collectively exceed the magnitude of said deformation, wherein said collective deflection comprises said transducer stroke.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein said deformation of said piezoelectric element comprises expansion of said element along said at least one axis and contraction of said element along at least a second axis, and wherein said mechanical amplifier comprises:
a first endplate coupled to a first end of said piezoelectric element;
a second endplate coupled to a second end of said piezoelectric element; and
a first pair of opposing hinge arms connecting said first and second endplates, wherein when said piezoelectric element contracts along said second axis, at least one portion of each of said arms deflect outwards from said element substantially along said at least one axis.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein said at least one portion of each of said arms is spaced from said piezoelectric element by a distance that exceeds the remainder of each of said arms.
5. The device of claim 3, wherein at least one of said first or second endplates are coupled to said stack via one or more preloading elements.
6. The device of claim 3, wherein said at least one piezoelectric element comprises a piezoelectric stack.
7. The device of claim 3, wherein said mechanical amplifier comprises a unitary component.
8. The device of claim 3, wherein said mechanical amplifier comprises two or more components.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein said transducer comprises:
a second piezoelectric element adjacent to and laterally spaced from said at least one piezoelectric element, said first and second piezoelectric elements each configured to deform in substantially opposite directions relative to one another, thereby generating a combined deformation having a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the deformation of said at least one element, and wherein said combined deformation comprises said transducer stroke.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein said first and second elements deform at their geometric centers.
11. The device of claim 9, wherein the magnitude of said deformation of said second piezoelectric element is approximately the same as the magnitude of said deformation of said at least one piezoelectric element.
12. The device of claim 9, wherein said first and second piezoelectric elements each comprise a piezoelectric disk bender.
13. The device of claim 9, wherein said first and second piezoelectric elements each comprise a piezoelectric strip bender.
14. The device of claim 9, wherein said first and second piezoelectric elements each comprise:
a piezoelectric material bonded to a shim component.
15. The device of claim 9, wherein said first and second piezoelectric elements each comprise a piezoelectric buzzer.
16. The device of claim 1, having a hydraulic amplifier to generate said transducer stroke comprising:
a bounded volume of incompressible fluid;
a first flexible metallic membrane positioned between and adjoining said at least one piezoelectric element and said volume;
at least a second metallic membrane adjoining said volume approximate opposite to said first membrane; and
wherein deformation of said piezoelectric element along said axis causes said first flexible membrane to increase the pressure of said volume so as to cause a deflection of said second membrane, and wherein the surface area of said fluid adjoining said second membrane is substantially less than the surface area of said fluid adjoining said second membrane such that the deflection of said second membrane exceeds the deformation of said piezoelectric element.
17. The device of claim 3, wherein said mechanical amplifier further comprises:
a second pair of opposing hinge arms connecting said first and second endplates.
18. The device of claim 3, wherein said second pair of hinge arms orthogonal to said first pair of hinge arms.
19. The device of claim 3, wherein each hinge arm in said second pair of hinge arms is substantially parallel to a hinge arm in said first pair of hinge arms.
20. The device of claim 3, wherein each of said hinge arms comprises a split hinge arm.
21. A method for rehabilitating the hearing of a recipient with a bone conduction device, comprising:
receiving an electrical representation of an acoustic sound signal;
delivering said electrical representation to at least one piezoelectric element of a piezoelectric transducer so as to deform said element;
generating, based on said deformation, a transducer stroke having a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of said deformation; and
generating a mechanical force from said transducer stroke, wherein said force is configured for delivery to the recipient’s skull.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said generating said transducer stroke having a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of said deformation comprises:
mechanically amplifying said deformation of said piezoelectric element.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said transducer comprises a mechanical amplifier coupled to said piezoelectric element, and wherein amplifying said deformation comprises:
converting said deformation of said piezoelectric element into a deflection of one or portions of said mechanical amplifier that collectively exceeds the magnitude of said deformation.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein said mechanical amplifier comprises: first and second endplates coupled to respective ends of said piezoelectric element, a pair of opposing hinge arms connecting said first and second endplates, wherein said transducer stroke comprises:
delivering said electrical signal to said least one piezoelectric element so as to cause said element to contract along at least one axis and to expand along at least a second axis; and
deflecting at least one portion of each of said opposing arms substantially along said at least second axis, the magnitude of said deflection of said portions collectively exceeding the magnitude of said contraction;
wherein said collective deflection comprises said transducer stroke.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said at least one portion of each of said arms are spaced from said piezoelectric element by a distance that exceeds the remainder of each said arm.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein transducer comprises a second piezoelectric element adjacent to and laterally spaced from said at least one piezoelectric element, and wherein said generating said transducer stroke comprises:
deforming said second piezoelectric element in a direction that is substantially opposite said deformation of said at least one piezoelectric element, thereby generating a combined deformation having a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the deformation of said at least one element,
wherein said combined deformation comprises said transducer stroke.
27. The method of claim 21, wherein said transducer comprises a hydraulic amplifier having a bounded volume of incompressible fluid, a first flexible metallic membrane positioned between and adjoining said at least one piezoelectric element and said volume, and at least a second metallic adjoining said fluid approximate opposite to said first membrane, wherein generating said transducer stroke comprises:
deflecting said first membrane in response to said deformation so as to increase the pressure of said volume of fluid;
deflecting said second membrane in an amount that exceeds said deformation,
wherein said deflection of said second membrane comprises said transducer stroke.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A seed of cotton cultivar DP 108 RF, wherein a representative sample of seed of said cultivar was deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-7837.
2. A cotton plant, or a regenerable part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 1.
3. A tissue culture of cells produced from the plant of claim 2, wherein said cells of the tissue culture are produced from a plant part selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers, and stems.
4. A protoplast produced from the plant of claim 2.
5. A protoplast produced from the tissue culture of claim 3.
6. A cotton plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 3, wherein the plant has all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of cultivar DP 108 RF listed in Table 1, wherein a representative sample of seed was deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-7837.
7. A method for producing an F1 hybrid cotton seed, wherein the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 2 with a different cotton plant and harvesting the resultant F1 hybrid cotton seed.
8. A hybrid cotton seed produced by the method of claim 7.
9. A hybrid cotton plant, or a regenerable part thereof, produced by growing said hybrid seed of claim 8.
10. A method of producing an herbicide resistant cotton plant, wherein the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with a transgene wherein the transgene confers resistance to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.
11. An herbicide resistant cotton plant produced by the method of claim 10.
12. A method of producing an insect resistant cotton plant, wherein the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers insect resistance.
13. An insect resistant cotton plant produced by the method of claim 12.
14. The cotton plant of claim 13, wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
15. A method of producing a disease resistant cotton plant, wherein the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with a transgene that confers disease resistance.
16. A disease resistant cotton plant produced by the method of claim 15.
17. A method of producing a cotton plant with modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism, wherein the method comprises transforming the cotton plant of claim 2 with a transgene encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of phytase, fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, \u03b1-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme’ or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase.
18. A cotton plant having modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism produced by the method of claim 17.
19. A method of introducing a desired trait into cotton cultivar DP 108 RF, wherein the method comprises:
(a) crossing a DP 108 RF plant, wherein a representative sample of seed was deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-7837, with a plant of another cotton cultivar that comprises a desired trait to produce progeny plants wherein the desired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, modified carbohydrate metabolism, and resistance to bacterial disease, fungal disease or viral disease;
(b) selecting one or more progeny plants that have the desired trait to produce selected progeny plants;
(c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the DP 108 RF plants to produce backcross progeny plants;
(d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 108 RF listed in Table 1 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and
(e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 108 RF listed in Table 1.
20. A cotton plant produced by the method of claim 19, wherein the plant has the desired trait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of cotton cultivar DP 108 RF listed in Table 1.
21. The cotton plant of claim 20, wherein the desired trait is herbicide resistance and the resistance is conferred to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.
22. The cotton plant of claim 20, wherein the desired trait is insect resistance and the insect resistance is conferred by a transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.
23. The cotton plant of claim 20, wherein the desired trait is modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism and said desired trait is conferred by a nucleic acid encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of phytase, fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, \u03b1-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme’ or encoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase.
24. A method of producing a commodity plant product comprising obtaining the plant or plant part of claim 2 and producing said commodity plant product therefrom, wherein said commodity plant product is lint or cotton seed oil.