Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. An video data processing system, comprising:
apparatus for providing a sequence of video frames, each video frame containing an array of image data representing an image;
a spatial transform module for performing a spatial decomposition transform on the video frames to generate spatially transformed video frames; each of the spatially transformed video frames including a plurality of subbands of data, including at least one low spatial frequency subband of data; and
memory for storing the spatially transformed video frames;
a temporal transform module for performing a temporal decomposition transform on blocks of the spatially transformed video frames, each block containing a predefined number of the spatially transformed video frames in a sequence corresponding to the sequence of the corresponding video frames, the temporal transform module applying a temporal decomposition transform to the at least one low spatial frequency subband of data in the spatially transformed video frames so as to generate temporally transformed video data for the at least one low spatial frequency subband of data in the spatially transformed video frames; and
a data encoder for encoding, for each block of video frames, the temporally transformed video data and the subbands of data, if any, of the spatially transformed video frames in the block to which the temporal decomposition transform was not applied.
2. The image processing system of claim 1,
wherein the temporal decomposition transform is an asymmetric transform that extends beyond a current block of spatially transformed video frames to a trailing edge of a previous block of spatially transformed video frames but does not extend beyond the current block of spatially transformed video frames to a next block of spatially transformed video frames.
3. The image processing system of claim 2, wherein the temporal decomposition transform is a wavelet or wavelet-like decomposition transform.
4. The image processing system of claim 2, wherein
the at least one low spatial frequency subband includes, for each video frame, a plurality of coefficients at positions (i,j);
the temporal decomposition transform includes a plurality of transform layers, including first, second and last transform layers, each of the plurality of transform layers other than the last transform layer producing intermediate coefficients for input to a next transform layer;
the system includes an edge data buffer for storing, for each coefficient in the at least one low spatial frequency subband, at least one intermediate coefficient generated by the temporal decomposition transform when applied to the previous block of video frames; and
the temporal transform module is configured to use the at least one intermediate coefficient stored in the edge buffer for each coefficient in the at least one low spatial frequency subband as input to at least one of the transform layers of the temporal decomposition transform when the temporal decomposition transform is applied to the current block of video frames.
5. The image processing system of claim 2, wherein the spatial decomposition transform is a discrete cosine transform.
6. A method of processing a sequence of video frames, comprising:
performing a spatial decomposition transform on the video frames to generate spatially transformed video frames; each of the spatially transformed video frames including a plurality of subbands of data, including at least one low spatial frequency subband of data; and
storing the spatially transformed video frames;
performing a temporal decomposition transform on blocks of the spatially transformed video frames, each block containing a predefined number of the spatially transformed video frames in a sequence corresponding to the sequence of the corresponding video frames, including applying a temporal decomposition transform to the at least one low spatial frequency subband of data in the spatially transformed video frames so as to generate temporally transformed video data for the at least one low spatial frequency subband of data in the spatially transformed video frames; and
encoding, for each block of video frames, the temporally transformed video data and the subbands of data, if any, of the spatially transformed video frames in the block to which the temporal decomposition transform was not applied.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the temporal decomposition transform is an asymmetric transform that extends beyond a current block of spatially transformed video frames to a trailing edge of a previous block of spatially transformed video frames but does not extend beyond the current block of spatially transformed video frames to a next block of spatially transformed video frames.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the temporal decomposition transform is a wavelet or wavelet-like decomposition transform.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one low spatial frequency subband includes, for each video frame, a plurality of coefficients at positions (i,j);
the temporal decomposition transform includes a plurality of transform layers, including first, second and last transform layers, each of the plurality of transform layers other than the last transform layer producing intermediate coefficients for input to a next transform layer;
the performing a temporal decomposition transform includes storing, for each coefficient in the at least one low spatial frequency subband, at least one intermediate coefficient generated by the temporal decomposition transform when applied to the previous block of video frames; and
the performing a temporal decomposition transform includes using the at least one intermediate coefficient stored in the edge buffer for each coefficient in the at least one low spatial frequency subband as input to at least one of the transform layers of the temporal decomposition transform when the temporal decomposition transform is applied to the current block of video frames.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the spatial decomposition transform is a discrete cosine transform.
11. A computer program product for use in conjunction with a computer system, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium and a computer program mechanism embedded therein, the computer program mechanism comprising:
a spatial transform module for performing a spatial decomposition transform on the video frames to generate spatially transformed video frames; each of the spatially transformed video frames including a plurality of subbands of data, including at least one low spatial frequency subband of data; and
a temporal transform module for performing a temporal decomposition transform on blocks of the spatially transformed video frames, each block containing a predefined number of the spatially transformed video frames in a sequence corresponding to the sequence of the corresponding video frames, the temporal transform module applying a temporal decomposition transform to the at least one low spatial frequency subband of data in the spatially transformed video frames so as to generate temporally transformed video data for the at least one low spatial frequency subband of data in the spatially transformed video frames; and
a data encoding module for encoding, for each block of video frames, the temporally transformed video data and the subbands of data, if any, of the spatially transformed video frames in the block to which the temporal decomposition transform was not applied.
12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the temporal decomposition transform is an asymmetric transform that extends beyond a current block of spatially transformed video frames to a trailing edge of a previous block of spatially transformed video frames but does not extend beyond the current block of spatially transformed video frames to a next block of spatially transformed video frames.
13. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the temporal decomposition transform is a wavelet or wavelet-like decomposition transform.
14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein
the at least one low spatial frequency subband includes, for each video frame, a plurality of coefficients at positions (i,j);
the temporal decomposition transform includes a plurality of transform layers, including first, second and last transform layers, each of the plurality of transform layers other than the last transform layer producing intermediate coefficients for input to a next transform layer;
the system includes an edge data buffer for storing, for each coefficient in the at least one low spatial frequency subband, at least one intermediate coefficient generated by the temporal decomposition transform when applied to the previous block of video frames; and
the temporal transform module is configured to use the at least one intermediate coefficient stored in the edge buffer for each coefficient in the at least one low spatial frequency subband as input to at least one of the transform layers of the temporal decomposition transform when the temporal decomposition transform is applied to the current block of video frames.
15. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the spatial decomposition transform is a discrete cosine transform.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An antibody having a binding affinity for a monohalotyrosine.
2. The antibody of claim 1 wherein the monohalotyrosine is bromotyrosine.
3. The antibody of claim 1 wherein the monohalotyrosine is chlorotyrosine
4. The antibody of claim 1 wherein the monohalotyrosine is a moiety of a protein.
5. The antibody of claim 1 wherein the antibody also has a binding affinity for dihalotyrosine.
6. A composition comprising an antibody bound with monohalotyrosine.
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the monohalotyrosine is a moiety of a protein.
8. The composition of claim 6 wherein the monohalotyrosine is one or both of bromotyrosine andor chlorotyrosine.
9. A composition comprising a protein having a 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid moiety.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the protein is keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
11. A method for evaluating the severity of asthma comprising:
analyzing sputum of a patient using an antibody having a binding affinity for monohalotyrosine; and
measuring the amount of antibody bound to protein.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the measuring is one or both of qualitative andor quantitative.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the monohalotyrosine is a moiety of a protein.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the monohalotyrosine is one or both of bromotyrosine andor chlorotyrosine.
15. The method of claim 11 further comprising correlating the amount of bound antibody to determine the amount of inflammation.
16. The method of claim 11 further comprising using the amount of bound antibody to monitor drug responses to asthma attacks.
17. A method for determining eosinophil activity in bodily fluid, the method comprising:
exposing bodily fluid to an antibody having a binding affinity for monohalotyrosine; and
measuring the amount of bound antibody to determine the eosinophil activity.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the bodily fluid is sputum.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the monohalotyrosine is a moiety of a protein.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the monohalotyrosine is one or both of bromotyrosine andor chlorotyrosine.
21. The method of claim 17 further comprising correlating the amount of bound antibody to determine inflammation andor drug responses.
22. A method for preparing an antibody, the method comprising:
incorporating 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid into a protein to form an antigen;
immunizing a mammalian host with the antigen; and
recovering an antibody having an affinity for the antigen from the host.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the protein is keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
24. The method of claim 22 wherein the antibody has a binding affinity for monohalotyrosine.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the monohalotyrosine is one or both of bromotyrosine andor chlorotyrosine.
26. The method of claim 22 wherein the antibody has a binding affinity for protein halotyrosines.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the halotyrosine is one or both of a monohalotyrosine andor a dihalotyrosine.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the monohalotyrosine is one or both of 3-bromotyrosine andor 3-chlorotyrosine.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the dihalotyrosine is one or both of 3,5-dibromotyrosine andor 3,5-dichlorotyrosine.
30. The method of claim 22 further comprising exposing the antibody to bodily fluid to determine eosinophil activity.
31. The method of claim 22 further comprising exposing the antibody to bodily fluid to determine inflammation.
32. The method of claim 22 further comprising exposing the antibody to bodily fluid to determine an amount of protein having a monohalotyrosine andor a dihalotyrosine moiety.

What is claimed is:

1. An exhaust gas recirculation control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which between an intake circuit and an exhaust circuit, a turbocharger and an exhaust gas recirculation circuit that is openable by exhaust gas recirculation switching valves are provided, comprising:
an intake and exhaust bypass circuit for connecting the downstream side of a compressor to the upstream side of a turbine of said turbocharger; and
an intake and exhaust bypass valve whose opening area can be varied so that said intake and exhaust bypass circuit can be opened or closed,
wherein an intake throttle valve whose opening area can be varied so that said intake circuit can be opened or closed is provided on the upstream side of the intake circuit where said exhaust gas recirculation circuit is branchingly connected.
2. An exhaust gas recirculation control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which between an intake circuit and an exhaust circuit, a turbocharger and an exhaust gas recirculation circuit that is openable by exhaust gas recirculation switching valves are provided, comprising:
an intake and exhaust bypass circuit for connecting the downstream side of a compressor to the upstream side of a turbine of said turbocharger; and
an intake and exhaust bypass valve whose opening area can be varied so that said intake and exhaust bypass circuit can be opened or closed,
wherein a narrow portion is formed on the position of the intake circuit to which said exhaust gas recirculation circuit is branchingly connected.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a narrow portion is formed on the position of the intake circuit to which said exhaust gas recirculation circuit is branchingly connected.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine containing an NOX exhaust amount;
storage means for previously storing a target NOX exhaust amount for the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine; and
control means for controlling the valve opening degree of each of said intake and exhaust bypass valve and said intake throttle valve in accordance with the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine so that the NOX exhaust amount of the internal combustion engine detected by said detecting means is equal to said target NOX exhaust amount stored by said storage means.
5. The apparatus according to claim 2, including:
an intake bypass circuit for bypassing said narrow portion of said intake circuit; and
an intake bypass valve whose opening area can be varied so that said intake bypass circuit can be opened or closed.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine containing an NOX exhaust amount;
storage means for previously storing a target NOX exhaust amount for the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine; and
control means for controlling the valve opening degree of each of said intake and exhaust bypass valve and said intake bypass valve in accordance with the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine so that the NOX exhaust amount of the internal combustion engine detected by said detecting means is equal to said target NOX exhaust amount stored by said storage means.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine containing an NOX exhaust amount;
storage means for previously storing a target NOX exhaust amount for the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine; and
control means for controlling in such a manner that when said internal combustion engine is driven at a high speed under high loads, while said intake and exhaust bypass valve is substantially closed, the opening degree of said intake bypass valve is controlled so that the NOX exhaust amount of the internal combustion engine detected by said detecting means is equal to the target NOX exhaust amount stored by said storage means and, when the internal combustion engine is driven at a medium speed under high loads, while the intake and exhaust bypass valve is substantially completely opened, the intake bypass valve is substantially closed.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine containing an EGR rate;
storage means for previously storing a target EGR rate for the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine; and
control means for controlling the valve opening degree of each of said intake and exhaust bypass valve and said intake throttle valve in accordance with the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine so that the EGR rate of the internal combustion engine detected by said detecting means is equal to the target EGR rate stored by said storage means.
9. The apparatus according to claim 5, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine containing an EGR rate;
storage means for previously storing a target EGR rate for the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine; and
control means for controlling the valve opening degree of each of said intake and exhaust bypass valve and said intake bypass valve in accordance with the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine so that the EGR rate of the internal combustion engine detected by said detecting means is equal to the target EGR rate stored by said storage means.
10. The apparatus according to claim 5, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine containing an EGR rate;
storage means for previously storing a target EGR rate for the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine; and
control means for controlling in such a manner that when said internal combustion engine is driven at a high speed under high loads, while said intake and exhaust bypass valve is substantially closed, the opening degree of said intake bypass valve is controlled so that the EGR rate of the internal combustion engine detected by said detecting means is equal to the target EGR rate stored by said storage means and, when the internal combustion engine is driven at a medium speed under high loads, while the intake and exhaust bypass valve is substantially completely opened, the intake bypass valve is substantially closed.
11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 9, and 10, comprising:
a turbine bypass circuit for connecting the upstream side to the downstream side of said turbine of said turbocharger; and
a waste gate valve which is opened to open said turbine bypass circuit when the pressure of an exhaust gas on the upstream side of the turbine is equal to or larger than a predetermined value.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 5, wherein said intake and exhaust bypass valve is formed between the downstream side of the compressor, upstream side of the turbine, and exhaust gas recirculation circuit,
said valve is a three-way valve having a switching position where a port on the downstream side of the compressor is closed to connect the upstream side of the turbine to the exhaust gas recirculation circuit and a switching position where a port on the exhaust gas recirculation circuit side is closed to connect the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine, and
an EGR cooler for cooling the exhaust gas is provided on the position of the exhaust gas recirculation circuit located on the more upstream side than a position where exhaust gas from the three-way valve joins.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein during starting warming-up and driving under low loads of the internal combustion engine, said three-way valve closes the port on the downstream side of said compressor to connect the upstream side of the turbine to the exhaust gas recirculation circuit and, during the other driving conditions of the internal combustion engine, the three-way valve closes the port on the exhaust gas recirculation circuit side to connect the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 5, wherein said intake and exhaust bypass valve is a check valve for permitting only flow of one direction from the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the intake and exhaust bypass circuit for connecting the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine of the turbocharger is provided between a compressor housing and a turbine housing of the turbocharger.
16. The apparatus according to any one of clams 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 9, and 10, wherein the exhaust passage from the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine to the inlet of the turbine housing of the turbocharger is divided into a plurality of passages, and both of the exhaust gas recirculation circuit and the intake and exhaust bypass circuit are connected to at least one of the divided exhaust passages.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the position of the exhaust passage to which said exhaust gas recirculation circuit is connected is located on the more upstream side than a position where said intake and exhaust bypass circuit is connected to the passage.
18. An exhaust gas recirculation control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, in which between an intake circuit and an exhaust circuit, a turbocharger and an exhaust gas recirculation circuit that is openable by exhaust gas recirculation switching valves are provided, comprising:
a turbine bypass circuit for connecting the upstream side and the downstream side of the turbine of said turbocharger;
a waste gate valve which can open or close said turbine bypass circuit and whose opening degree can be controlled; and
control means for controlling the valve opening degree of said waste gate valve in accordance with the driving conditions of the internal combustion engine and the EGR rate.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18, including:
detecting means for detecting driving conditions of said internal combustion engine;
detecting means for detecting said EGR rate;
detecting means for detecting an intake flow rate; and
storage means for previously storing a target intake flow rate for the driving conditions of the internal combustion state and the EGR rate,
wherein the control for said waste gate valve by said control means is a control to adjust the valve opening degree of said waste gate valve so that a difference between the detected intake flow rate and the target intake flow rate stored by the storage means is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
20. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, including:
an intake and exhaust bypass circuit for connecting the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine of said turbocharger; and
an intake and exhaust bypass valve whose opening area can be varied so that the intake and exhaust bypass circuit can be opened or closed.
21. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, including:
an intake and exhaust bypass circuit for connecting the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine of said turbocharger; and
a check valve for permitting the flow in the intake and exhaust bypass circuit only in one direction from the downstream side of the compressor to the upstream side of the turbine.
22. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, wherein a narrow portion is formed on the position of said intake circuit to which said exhaust gas recirculation circuit is branchingly connected,
an intake bypass circuit for bypassing the narrow portion, and
an intake bypass valve whose opening area is varied so that the intake bypass circuit can be opened or closed are provided.
23. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, including:
a generator, which is provided on the downstream side of said waste gate valve, for allowing the pivotably engaged turbine to be rotated through the pressure of the exhaust gas to generate electric power;
a first converter for converting the electric power generated by said generator into a chargeable state; and
a battery for charging the electric power generated by the generator through said first converter.
24. The apparatus according to claim 23, including:
an electric motor, which is rotated by the electric power from said battery, for promoting the driving of said turbocharger; and
a second converter for converting the electric power from the battery into such a state that the electric motor can be driven and supplying the converted one to the electric motor.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A type of inorganic powder for a UV solid light source, the construction ingredients’ chemical formula is
Me+21-xLn+32-ySi2O8:TR+2x:TR+3y,

wherein:
Me+2=(wherein Mg+2, Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, at least one or more); TR+2=(wherein Sm+2, Yb+2, Eu+2, Dy+2, at least one or more); TR+3=(wherein Tb+3, Ce+3, Eu+3, Dy+3, at least one or more); Ln+3=(wherein Y+3, La+3, Gd+3, Sc+3, Lu+3, at least one or more);
wherein a major configuration of an allomorphous surface of the solid light source is a hexagonal crystal structure, guaranteeing a solid light source allomorphous short wave, under UV light excitement, obtainment of multiple band white light.
2. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein ingredients form a cation sub lattice circulation system, and a concentration of each element is:
0\u2266Mg\u22660.2; 0.4\u2266Ca\u22660.8; 0.2\u2266Sr\u22660.4; and 0.2\u2266Ba\u22660.4.
3. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein an ingredient concentration relationship is \u03a3(Me+2+TR+2)=1.
4. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein contents of rare earth ion in the second cation node are:
0.5\u2266Y\u22661.6; 1\u2266La\u22660.4; 2\u2266Gd\u22660.4; 1\u2266Sc\u22660.2; and 0.1\u2266Lu\u22660.2.
5. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rare earth element Ln+3 and partially replaced valence 3 catalyst concentration is \u03a3(Ln+3+TR+3)=2 atomic weight.
6. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein individual concentrations of the Ce+3, Eu+3, Tb+3, and Dy+3 group valence 3 catalyst ions are about 0.001\u2266TR\u22660.2 atomic weight.
7. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein a UV light excited Tb+3 rare earth element ion node light spectrum zone is \u03bb=545\xb110 nm.
8. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the UV light excites Ce+3 ion, green-yellow light is obtained, and a spectrum wavelength is from about 525 nm to 575 nm.
9. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein after a UV light excited inorganic powder with Eu+3 and Dy+3 in is added, a main visible light spectrum is in visible light’s yellow-orange zone.
10. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein when an inorganic powder material absorption spectrum is catalyzed by europium ion (Eu+2) samarium ion (Sm+2) ytterbium ion or a combination thereof, an absorption spectrum is in a blue-sky blue energy band, a radiation wavelength is in a green-sky blue sub-energy band of the spectrum and a half span wavelength of the radiation band is between about 40 nm and 80 nm.
11. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, forming the inorganic powder on the solid light source, the production procedure including:
preparing a polymer mixing materials, including melting glue, epoxy, silicone, or a combination thereof;
coating an allomorphous surface of the solid light source with inorganic powder;
welding the inorganic powder with amino allomorphous to a metal shell;
install a polymer lens cover; and
filling between a shell inside surface and an inorganic powder polymer coating layer with a polymer material.
12. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic powder is coated on the allomorphous, layer by layer, when an inorganic powder suspended material concentration is at a minimum.
13. The inorganic powder for a UV solid light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inorganic powder thickness is 30-40 micrometers, and for higher concentration inorganic powder suspended materials, a thickness may be an about 60-70 micrometers single layer coating on the allomorphous semiconductor surface.