Author: claimsbot

1. A lubricating oil filter assembly for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
an oil inlet;
an oil outlet;
a conduit connecting the oil inlet to the oil outlet;
a chamber suitable for accommodating a filter element, the chamber in communication with the oil inlet and with the oil outlet; and
a valve assembly arranged within the conduit and configured to enable a flow of lubricating oil in dependence of a pressure of a lubricating oil at the oil inlet.
2. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 0, wherein the valve assembly comprises:
a valve member located in the conduit so that the pressure of the lubricating oil at the oil inlet pushes the valve member towards an opening position in which the valve member keeps said conduit in an open position; and
a spring arranged so as to push the valve member towards a closing position in which the valve member keeps said conduit a closed position.
3. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 0, wherein the conduit is configured to bypass the chamber.
4. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 2,
wherein the chamber is located in the conduit, and
wherein the valve member is the filter element accommodated in the chamber, which is movable between the closing position that hydraulically separates the oil inlet from the oil outlet of a body, and the opening position, in which it opens a passage that directly connects the oil inlet to the oil outlet.
5. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an housing that accommodates a body, said housing comprising an inlet communicating with the oil inlet of the body, and with an outlet communicating with the oil outlet of the body.
6. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 5, wherein the housing comprises a cup-shaped body and a bonnet, which is fixed to said cup-shaped body so as to enclose the body.
7. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 0, further comprising a housing for the filter element, the housing provided with an internal chamber and with an inlet and an outlet communicating with the internal chamber, the filter element accommodated inside the internal chamber of the housing so as to hydraulically separate the inlet from the outlet, the housing accommodated inside the chamber of a body, so that the oil inlet of the body communicates with the inlet of the housing and the oil outlet of the body communicates with the outlet of the housing.
8. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 7, wherein the housing comprises a portion jutting from the body.
9. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 7, wherein the housing is a banjo-bolt.
10. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 2, comprising a sensor configured to detect the valve member in the open position.
11. The lubricating oil filter assembly according to claim 1, further comprising the filter element accommodated in the chamber of a body so as to hydraulically separate the oil inlet from the oil outlet.
12. An internal combustion engine comprising:
a lubrication circuit; and
a lubricating oil filter assembly located in the lubrication circuit, the lubricating oil filter assembly comprising:
an oil inlet;
an oil outlet;
a conduit connecting the oil inlet to the oil outlet;
a chamber suitable for accommodating a filter element, the chamber in communication with the oil inlet and with the oil outlet; and
a valve assembly arranged within the conduit and configured to enable a flow of lubricating oil in dependence of a pressure of a lubricating oil at the oil inlet.
13. The internal combustion engine according to claim 12, wherein the lubricating oil filter assembly is located in a feeding line of the lubrication circuit, which is provided for delivering the lubricating oil into a turbocharger.
14. The internal combustion engine according to claim 13, wherein the lubricating oil filter assembly is fixed to a cylinder block of the internal combustion engine.
15. The internal combustion engine according to claim 13, wherein the lubricating oil filter assembly is fixed to a housing of the turbocharger.
16. The internal combustion engine according to claim 02, wherein the valve assembly comprises:
a valve member located in the conduit so that the pressure of the lubricating oil at the oil inlet pushes the valve member towards an opening position in which the valve member keeps said conduit in an open position; and
a spring arranged so as to push the valve member towards a closing position in which the valve member keeps said conduit a closed position.
17. The internal combustion engine according to claim 02, wherein the conduit is configured to bypass the chamber.
18. The internal combustion engine according to claim 06,
wherein the chamber is located in the conduit, and
wherein the valve member is the filter element accommodated in the chamber, which is movable between the closing position that hydraulically separates the oil inlet from the oil outlet of a body, and the opening position, in which it opens a passage that directly connects the oil inlet to the oil outlet.
19. The internal combustion engine according to claim 12, further comprising an housing that accommodates a body, said housing comprising an inlet communicating with the oil inlet of the body, and with an outlet communicating with the oil outlet of the body.
20. The internal combustion engine according to claim 19, wherein the housing comprises a cup-shaped body and a bonnet, which is fixed to said cup-shaped body so as to enclose the body.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1-18. (canceled)
19. A saddle-shaped coil winding which is formed from a flat coil shape of the racetrack type on a tube outer surface, the coil winding comprising:
axially running winding sections on longitudinal sides;
end winding sections which run between ends of the axially running winding sections, the end winding sections forming end windings with the windings of the coil winding;
the coil winding being formed with at least one superconductor in the form of a strip, the strip having a flat face and a narrow face, the narrow face facing the tube outer surface;
the coil winding having a circumferential length in the saddle shape which is substantially equal to that in the flat coil shape;

wherein the at least one super conductor is in the form of a strip and has at least two turns arranged on the tube outer surface in an area of an apex of the end winding sections, such that there is at least an inner turn and an outer turn at each end winding section;
wherein one flat face of each super conductor strap is inclined through an inclination angle with respect to a normal of the tube outer surface in a direction of a winding center of the coil winding; and
wherein an inclination angle of the outer face for the inner turn is less than an inclination angle of the outer turn.
20. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the superconductor comprises at least one strain-sensitive superconductor in the form of a strip.
21. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least one superconductor in the form of a strip is formed using high-Tc superconductor material.
22. The coil winding as claimed in claim 21, wherein the at least one high-Tc superconductor is formed using BPSCCO or YBCO material.
23. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least one superconductor in the form of a strip is formed using MgB2 superconductor material.
24. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least one superconductor in the form of a strip has an aspect ratio (width wthickness d) of at least 3, and preferably at least 5.
25. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein a tube with a circular or elliptical cross section is formed from the tube outer surface.
26. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the tube outer surface is a cylindrical outer surface.
27. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein a tube with a curved axis is formed from the tube outer surface.
28. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the tube outer surface is formed by a tubular body to which the winding is fitted.
29. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the respective circumferential length in the saddle shape is less by at most 0.4%, and preferably by at most 0.3%, than that in the flat coil shape.
30. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein a radial height of the coil winding is at least 10% of the tube diameter (D).
31. The coil winding as claimed in claim 30, wherein a radial height of the coil winding is at least 30% of the tube diameter.
32. The coil winding as claimed in claim 19, wherein the coil winding is arranged in a rotating machine, a magnet of an accelerator, or a gantry accelerator magnet.
33. A method for production of a coil winding, comprising:
forming a flat coil shape from at least one prefabricated superconductor in the form of a strip;
deforming the strip on a tubular outer surface of a bending apparatus to form the saddle shape by means of pressing;
arranging the at least one super conductor in the form of a strip having at least two turns on the tube outer surface in an area of an apex of the end winding sections, such that there is at least an inner turn and an outer turn at each end winding section;
inclining one flat face of each super conductor strap through an inclination angle with respect to a normal of the tube outer surface in a direction of a winding center of the coil winding; and
wherein an inclination angle of the outer face for the inner turn is less than an inclination angle of the outer turn.
34. The method as claimed in claim 33, comprising further:
providing gaps between adjacent turns in the area of the end winding sections during the formation of the flat coil shape, such that, during and after the deformation, this results in the virtually unchanged circumferential length of the individual turns.
35. The method as claimed in claim 34, comprising further:
introducing spacers to produce the gaps between the adjacent turns for the formation of the flat coil shape; and
removing the spacers before the deformation.
36. The method as claimed in claim 33, further comprising:
encapsulating the turns for fixing.
37. The method as claimed in claim 33, further comprising:
adhesively bonding the turns for fixing.
38. The coil winding as claimed in claim 21, wherein the at least one superconductor in the form of a strip is formed using high-Tc superconductor material.
39. The coil winding as claimed in claim 38, wherein the at least one superconductor in the form of a strip has an aspect ratio (width wthickness d) of at least 3, and preferably at least 5.
40. The coil winding as claimed in claim 39, wherein a tube with a circular or elliptical cross section is formed from the tube outer surface.
41. The coil winding as claimed in claim 40, wherein a tube with a curved axis is formed from the tube outer surface.
42. The coil winding as claimed in claim 41, wherein the respective circumferential length in the saddle shape is less by at most 0.4%, and preferably by at most 0.3%, than that in the flat coil shape.
43. The coil winding as claimed in claim 42, wherein a radial height of the coil winding is at least 10% of the tube diameter (D).

1. A first communication apparatus that belongs to a first communication system having a highest-priority with respect to using a frequency band including a first sub-frequency band and a second sub-frequency band, the first communication system being one of a plurality of communication systems coexisting on the same communication medium, each of the plurality of communication systems having a given predetermined priorities with respect to using the frequency band, an upper limit and a lower limit of the frequency band being respectively defined as F_MAX and F_MIN, the first communication apparatus comprising:
a coexistence signal generator that selects, out of a plurality of candidates, F_BOUND1 which is an upper limit of the first sub-frequency band which is used by the first communication system, and generates a coexistence signal indicating the first sub-frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is occupied and used by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being higher than F_MIN and F_BOUND1 being lower than F_MAX; and
a coexistence signal transmitter that transmits the coexistence signal to another communication system of the plurality of communication systems,
wherein the first sub-frequency band is usable by the first communication system or the other communication system, and the second sub-frequency band upper than the first sub-frequency band is usable only by the other communication system.
2. The first communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a period for data communication is divided into a plurality of time slots, and
the coexistence signal generator generates a coexistence signal having a matrix structure in which an occupied and used frequency band and a time slot are specified.
3. The first communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coexistence signal comprising: a time slot indicating whether or not the first sub-frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is used; and a time slot specifying a value of F_BOUND1 when the frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is used.
4. The first communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication medium used by the first communication system is a power line.
5. The first communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the communication medium used by the first communication system is a wireless medium.
6. The first communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first communication system is a system used as an access system, and the other communication system is a system used as an in-home system.
7. A second communication apparatus that belongs to a second communication system having other than a highest-priority with respect to using a frequency band including a first sub-frequency band and a second sub-frequency band, the second communication system being one of a plurality of communication systems coexisting on the same communication medium, each of the plurality of communication systems having a given predetermined priorities with respect to using the frequency band, an upper limit and a lower limit of the frequency band being respectively defined as F_MAX and F_MIN, the second communication apparatus comprising:
a coexistence signal receiver that receives, from a first communication system having the highest-priority use right, a first coexistence signal indicating that the first sub-frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is occupied and used by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being selected by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being higher than F_MIN and F_BOUND1 being lower than F_MAX, and
a frequency band determiner that determines a third sub-frequency band which is to be occupied and used by the second communication system, the third sub-frequency band which is included in the second sub-frequency band upper than the first sub-frequency band indicated by the first coexistence signal,
wherein the first sub-frequency band is usable by one of the first communication system, the second communication system, and the other communication system, and the second sub-frequency band is usable by one of communication systems other than the first communication system.
8. The communication apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a coexistence signal generator that generates a second coexistence signal indicating the third sub-frequency band; and
a coexistence signal transmitter that transmits the second coexistence signal to a communication system other than the second communication system.
9. The second communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a period for data communication is divided into a plurality of time slots.
10. The second communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second coexistence signal comprising: a time slot indicating whether or not the frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is used; and a time slot specifying a value of F_BOUND1 when the frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is used.
11. The second communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the communication medium used by the second communication system is a power line.
12. The second communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the communication medium used by the second communication system is a wireless medium.
13. The second communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the first communication system is a system used as an access system, and each of the second communication system and the other communication system is a system used as an in-home system.
14. An integrated circuit used in a first communication apparatus that belongs to a first communication system having a highest-priority with respect to using a frequency band including a first sub-frequency band and a second sub-frequency band, the first communication system being one of a plurality of communication systems coexisting on the same communication medium, each of the plurality of communication systems having a given predetermined priorities with respect to using the frequency band, an upper limit and a lower limit of the frequency band being respectively defined as F_MAX and F_MIN, wherein
circuits functioning as the following sections are integrated on the integrated circuit:
a coexistence signal generating section that selects, out of a plurality of candidates, F_BOUND1 which is an upper limit of the first sub-frequency band which is used by the first communication system, and generates a coexistence signal indicating the first sub-frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is occupied and used by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being higher than F_MIN and F_BOUND1 being lower than F_MAX; and
a coexistence signal transmitting section that transmits the coexistence signal to another communication system of the plurality of communication systems,
wherein the first sub-frequency band is usable by the first communication system or the other communication system, and the second sub-frequency band upper than the first sub-frequency band is usable only by the other communication system.
15. An integrated circuit used in a second communication apparatus that belongs to a second communication system having other than a highest-priority with respect to using a frequency band including a first sub-frequency band and a second sub-frequency band, the second communication system being one of a plurality of communication systems coexisting on the same communication medium, each of the plurality of communication systems having a given predetermined priorities with respect to using the frequency band, an upper limit and a lower limit of the frequency band being respectively defined as F_MAX and F_MIN, wherein
circuits functioning as the following sections are integrated on the integrated circuit:
a coexistence signal receiving section that receives, from a first communication system having the highest-priority use right, a first coexistence signal indicating that the first sub-frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is occupied and used by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being selected by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being higher than F_MIN and F_BOUND1 being lower than F_MAX; and
a frequency band determining section that determines a third sub-frequency band which is to be occupied and used by the second communication system, the third sub-frequency band which is included in the second sub-frequency band upper than the first sub-frequency band indicated by the first coexistence signal,
wherein the first sub-frequency band is usable by one of the first communication system, the second communication system, and the other communication system, and the second sub-frequency band is usable by one of communication systems other than the first communication system.
16. The second communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the coexistence signal has a matrix structure in which an occupied and used frequency band and a time slot are specified.
17. A communication method used in a first communication system, having a highest-priority use right, of a plurality of communication systems, which are given predetermined priorities with respect to a right to use a frequency band of which an upper limit and a lower limit are respectively defined as F_MAX and F_MIN, coexist on the same communication medium, the method comprising:
selecting, out of a plurality of candidates, F_BOUND1 which is an upper limit of the first sub-frequency band which is used by the first communication system;
generating a coexistence signal indicating the first sub-frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1 is occupied and used by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being higher than F_MIN and F_BOUND1 being lower than F_MAX; and
transmitting the coexistence signal to another communication system of the plurality of communication systems,
wherein the first sub-frequency band is usable by the first communication system or the other communication system, and the second sub-frequency band upper than the first sub-frequency band is usable only by the other communication system.
18. A communication method used in a first communication system, having a use right other than a highest-priority use right, of a plurality of communication systems, which are given predetermined priorities with respect to a right to use a frequency band of which an upper limit and a lower limit are respectively defined as F_MAX and F_MIN, coexist on the same communication medium, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first communication system having the highest-priority use right, a first coexistence signal indicating a frequency band from F_MIN to F_BOUND1, F_BOUND1 being selected by the first communication system, F_BOUND1 being higher than F_MIN and F_BOUND1 being lower than FMAX, which is occupied and used by the first communication system; and
determining a third sub-frequency band which is to be occupied and used by the second communication system, the third sub-frequency band which is included in the second sub-frequency band upper than the first sub-frequency band indicated by the first coexistence signal,
wherein the first sub-frequency band is usable by one of the first communication system, the second communication system, and the other communication system, and the second sub-frequency band is usable by one of communication systems other than the first communication system.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A thermal insulation fiber, comprising:
a conventional fiber; and
a nano unit,
wherein based on a total weight of the convention fiber, the nano unit is of a content of 0.1 wt % to 3 wt %, so as to improve an insulation rate of the thermal insulation fiber;
the nano unit comprises a microparticle having a size of 300 nm to 8000 nm; and
the microparticle comprises at least one of a mixture of titanium (Ti) and cerium (Ce), a mixture of Ti and magnesium (Mg), and a mixture of Ti, Ce, Mg, silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca).
2. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1, wherein the conventional fiber comprises a chemical fiber, and the chemical fiber comprises at least one of an artificial fiber and a synthetic fiber.
3. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 2, wherein based on the total weight of the convention fiber, the nano unit is of a content of 1.5 wt % to 3 wt %; and the nano unit comprises the microparticle having a size of 300 nm to 4000 nm.
4. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 3, wherein in the nano unit, the microparticle comprises:
Ti being of a content of 500 weight units to 10000 weight units; and Ce being of a content of 60 weight units to 300 weight units, or
Ti being of a content of 500 weight units to 10000 weight units; and Mg being of a content of 10 weight units to 500 weight units, or
Ti being of a content of 500 weight units to 10000 weight units; Ce being of a content of 60 weight units to 300 weight units; Ca being of a content of 50 weight units to 500 weight units; Mg being of a content of 10 weight units to 500 weight units; and Si being of a content of 50 weight units to 3000 weight units.
5. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 2, wherein based on the total weight of the convention fiber, the nano unit is of a content of 0.1 wt % to 1.5 wt %; and the nano unit comprises the microparticle having a size of 4000 nm to 8000 nm.
6. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 5, wherein in the nano unit, the microparticle comprises:
Ti being of a content of 500 weight units to 10000 weight units; and Ce being of a content of 60 weight units to 300 weight units, or
Ti being of a content of 500 weight units to 10000 weight units; and Mg being of a content of 10 weight units to 500 weight units, or
Ti being of a content of 500 weight units to 10000 weight units; Ce being of a content of 60 weight units to 300 weight units; Ca being of a content of 50 weight units to 500 weight units; Mg being of a content of 10 weight units to 500 weight units; and Si being of a content of 50 weight units to 3000 weight units.
7. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 4, wherein in the nano unit, the microparticle further comprises:
K being of a content of 50 weight units to 100 weight units;
Sn being of a content of 100 weight units to 500 weight units; and
S being of a content of 50 weight units to 100 weight units.
8. A thermal insulation textile, at least comprising a part of the thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1.
9. A use of a fiber containing a nano unit in manufacturing a thermal textile, wherein the fiber containing the nano unit is the thermal insulation fiber according to claim 1.
10. The thermal insulation fiber according to claim 6, wherein in the nano unit, the microparticle further comprises:
K being of a content of 50 weight units to 100 weight units;
Sn being of a content of 100 weight units to 500 weight units; and
S being of a content of 50 weight units to 100 weight units.