Author: claimsbot

1. A process for the preparation of a cellular carbon or ceramic monolith comprising a hierarchical porous network comprising interconnected macropores and micropores, said porous network being devoid of mesopores, wherein said process comprises at least the following stages:
1) a stage of preparation of a solid silica template in the form of a cellular monolith composed of a matrix formed of silica or of organically modified silica, said monolith comprising macropores having a mean dimension dA of 1 \u03bcm to 100 \u03bcm, mesopores having a mean dimension dE of 2 to 50 nm and micropores having a mean dimension dI of 0.7 to 1.5 nm, said pores being interconnected;
2) a stage of impregnation, under vacuum, of the solid silica template with a solution of at least one carbon precursor or of at least one ceramic precursor selected from the group consisting of preceramic polymers resulting in oxycarbonitrides, carbonitrides, nitrides and boronitrides of carbon;
3) a stage of polymerization, crosslinking, or both polymerization and crosslinking of said precursor within the solid silica template;
4) a stage of carbonization of the solid silica template including said polymerized, crosslinked, or polymerized and crosslinked precursor,
5) the production of said carbon or ceramic monolith by removal of the solid silica template by treatment with an acid or a base, said treatment being carried out without distinction before or after said carbonization stage;
and in that, during the first stage, the silica template is prepared according to a process consisting of:
in preparing an emulsion by introducing an oily phase into an aqueous solution of surfactant,
in adding an aqueous solution of at least one silicon oxide precursor, at least one organically modified silicon oxide precursor, or at least one silicon oxide precursor and organically modified silicon oxide precursor to the surfactant solution, before or after the preparation of the emulsion,
in leaving the reaction mixture standing until said precursor has condensed, then
in drying the mixture in order to obtain the expected solid silica template, and
when the silica template is prepared from said aqueous solution of at least one (not organically modified) silicon oxide precursor, then said process furthermore comprises an additional stage consisting in thermally treating the solid silica template at a temperature of at least 650\xb0 C.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silicon oxide or organically modified silicon oxide precursor(s) used during the first stage of preparation of the silica template are chosen from silicon tetraalkoxides of following formula (I):
R\u2032n(OR)4-nSi\u2003\u2003(I)

in which:
R represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a group of following formula (II):
\u2014(CH2)m\u2014R1\u2003\u2003(II)
in which 0\u2266m\u22665 and R1 is chosen from a thiol group, a pyrrole group, an amino group which optionally carries one or more alkyl, aminoalkyl or optionally substituted aryl substituents, an alkyl group or a phenyl group which optionally carries a substituent R2 of alkyl type,
R\u2032 represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an aryl radical which optionally carries one or more functional groups, and
0\u2266n<m; m being the valency of the silicon atom.
3. The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the precursor(s) of formula (I) are selected from the group consisting of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxyorthosilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)pyrrole, 3-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)propyltriethoxysilane, (3-(N-(2-aminoethyl)amino)propyl)trimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silica template obtained at the end of the first stage is washed using an organic solvent and then dried, before being subjected to the stage of impregnation with the solution of carbon precursor or of ceramic precursor.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon precursor(s) are selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, resorcinols, styrene, divinylbenzene, polysaccharides, potato starch, lignin, lignincellulose mixtures and petroleum pitches.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic precursor(s) are selected from the group consisting of polyaminoborazines and their derivatives and polycarbazides and their derivatives.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent of the solution of carbon precursor or of ceramic precursor is an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of lower alcohols, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and their mixtures.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precursor is a carbon precursor selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins and in that the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water and mixtures of water with at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of lower alcohols, tetrahydrofuran and toluene, in the presence of a base.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stage of carbonization of the silica template impregnated with polymerized, crosslinked, or polymerized and crosslinked carbon or ceramic precursor is carried out under a reducing atmosphere, at a temperature varying from 500 to 1200\xb0 C.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonization stage is carried out at a temperature of less than or equal to 700\xb0 C. and in that the carbon or ceramic monolith obtained on conclusion of the process exhibits an electronically nonconducting amorphous structure.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1, the carbonization stage is carried out at a temperature of greater than 600\xb0 C. and in that the carbon or ceramic monolith obtained on conclusion of the process exhibits a semigraphitized structure and is an electronic semiconductor.
12. A cellular solid material provided in the form of a porous carbon or ceramic monolith, wherein said material comprises a hierarchical porous network composed of interconnected macropores and micropores, in which:
i) the macropores have a mean dimension dA of 1 \u03bcm to 100 \u03bcm and have walls having a thickness of 0.5 to 40 \u03bcm, and the macroporous network is composed of hollow carbon or ceramic sphere placed next to one another, and
ii) the micropores have a mean dimension dI of 0.7 to 1.5 nm and are present in the thickness of the walls of the macropores, rendering the walls microporous,
and said material being devoid of mesoporous network.
13. The material as claimed in claim 12, wherein said material’s specific surface is from 400 to 900 m2g.
14. The material as claimed in claim 12, wherein said material exhibits an amorphous structure and is electrically nonconducting.
15. The material as claimed in claim 12, wherein said material exhibits a semigraphitized structure and is electrically semiconducting.
16. The material as claimed in claim 15, the conductivity of said material varies from 2 to 20 S\xb7cm\u22121.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A computer system comprising:
a dynamic compiler, the dynamic compiler including:
an execution history recorder configured to record the number of times a fragment of code is executed, the execution history recorder having a threshold;
an interpreter coupled to the execution history recorder;
a compiler manager coupled to the execution history recorder;
a compiler coupled to the compiler manager, the compiler arranged to create compiled fragments of code having dominant code blocks and at least one outlier; and
memory coupled to the dynamic compiler, the memory managed by the compiler manager such that dominant code blocks are stored in one portion of the memory and the at least one outlier is stored in another portion of the memory.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, the outlier having instructions to synchronize states.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outlier is operable to pass control to a block of glue code.
4. A system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the glue code instructs the interpreter to interpret a non-dominant fragment of code.
5. A system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one outlier is patched so as to access a compiled version of the non-dominant fragment of code.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1, the dynamic compiler further including at least two outliers, and wherein dominant fragments of code and the at least two outliers are stored in a code buffer in the memory, the dominant fragments of code filled from one end of the code buffer and the at least two outliers filled from the other end of the code buffer.
7. A system as claimed in claim 1, the dynamic compiler further including at least two outliers, and wherein dominant fragments of code and the at least two outliers are stored in a code buffer in the memory, the dominant code fragments and the at least two outliers filled from the same end of the code buffer.
8. A system as claimed in claim 1, the dynamic compiler further including a threshold tuner coupled to the execution history recorder, the threshold tuner operable to adjust the threshold of the execution history manager.
9. A system as claimed in claim 1, the dynamic compiler further including:
a memory searcher coupled to the interpreter;
a converter device coupled to the interpreter; and
an execution device coupled to the converter device.
10. A system as claimed in claim 1, the dynamic compiler further including a queue coupled to the compiler.
11. A system as claimed in claim 1, the compiler manager having a memory manager that monitors memory available to the compiler.
12. A system as claimed in claim 11, wherein a deleter is coupled to the memory manager.
13. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of times the fragment of code is executed is recorded when the fragment of code is executed by the interpreter.
14. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dynamic compiler is a multi-threaded system and the compiler runs on a separate thread so the progress of code execution is not blocked.
15. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the execution history recorder is further configured to record from where a transfer of control into the fragment of code came and to where control is transferred out of the fragment of code.
16. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the execution history recorder is further configured to alert the compiler manager when the fragment of code has been executed the threshold number of times.
17. A system as claimed in claim 16, wherein the compiler manager administers the queue of frequently executed fragments of code for compilation.
18. A system comprising:
an interpreter;
a memory searcher coupled to the interpreter;
a converter device coupled to the interpreter;
an execution device coupled to the converter device;
an execution history recorder configured to record the number of times a fragment of code is compiled, the execution history recorder coupled to the interpreter and having a threshold;
a threshold tuner coupled to the execution history recorder, the threshold tuner operable to adjust the threshold of the execution history manager;
a compiler manager coupled to the execution history recorder;
a compiler coupled to the compiler manager; and
memory coupled to the compiler and managed by the compiler manager such that dominant blocks of code are stored in one portion of the memory and the at least one outlier is stored in another portion of the memory.
19. A system as claimed in claim 18, further comprising a queue coupled to the compiler.
20. A system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the compiler manager further includes a memory manager that monitors memory available to the compiler.
21. A system as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a deleter coupled to the memory manager.
22. A system as claimed in claim 18, wherein in the compiler generates compiled fragments of code with only one entry point.
23. A method of compiling computer code, the method comprising:
establishing an execution threshold;
executing a number of fragments of the computer code;
recording the number of times each of the fragments of code is executed;
queuing one fragment of code for compilation when the number of times the one fragment of code has been executed matches the threshold;
compiling the one fragment of code;
generating outliers related to fragments of code that have not been executed the threshold number of times; and
storing the one compiled fragment of code and the outliers in separate portions of memory.
24 A method as claimed in claim 23, further comprising adjusting the threshold after it is established.
25. A method as claimed in claim 23, further comprising monitoring memory available to the compiler.
26. A method as claimed in claim 25, further comprising deleting code from memory to meet the requirements of the compiler.
27. A method as claimed in claim 23, further comprising running the compiler on a thread that is separate from a thread of an interpreter.
28. A method as claimed in claim 23, further comprising recording a transfer of control into one fragment of code and a transfer out of the one fragment of code.
29. A method as claimed in claim 23, further comprising searching memory for preexisting compiled versions of fragments of code.
30. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the computer code includes at least one Method, and at least one of the fragments of code includes less than the entire at least one Method.
31. A method as claimed in claim 23, further comprising performing an exception check.
32. A method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising performing a code optimization.
33. A method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising interpreting exception code when an exception occurs.
34. A method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising establishing a link to a bailout device.
35. A method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising passing control to an interpreter.
36. A method as claimed in claim 31, further comprising updating condition states.
37. A method as claimed in claim 36, further comprising interpreting exception code after updating condition states.

1. A method of transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a TTI change signal for providing a TTI change;
changing the TTI at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal, and setting new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI; and
retransmitting at least one of the HARQ processes of the previous TTI through the same HARQ process of the changed TTI and transmitting new data through remaining HARQ processes of the changed TTI after changing the TTI according to an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) signal.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of deleting the data transmitted to an HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is a HARQ process ID that does not exist in the changed TTI if the changed TTI is longer than the previous TTI.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of deleting the data transmitted to a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the ACKNACK signal corresponding to the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is not received if the changed TTI is shorter than the previous TTI.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the retransmitting step comprises the substeps of:
confirming a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI, and confirming whether an ACKNACK response to the previous HARQ process having a process ID that is smaller than or equal to the number of new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI is received;
if the ACKNACK response is received, determining whether the ACKNACK response is the ACK response; and
if the ACKNACK response is not received or the ACKNACK response is the NACK response, retransmitting the data of the previous HARQ process through the new HARQ process having the same process ID.
5. An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the apparatus comprising:
a soft buffer for storing data to be transmitted based on HARQ processes;
a control unit for controlling the HARQ processes according to a TTI change signal;
a coding unit for coding the data under the control of the control unit; and
a HARQ control unit for changing the TTI at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal, setting new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI, retransmitting at least one of the HARQ processes of the previous TTI through the same HARQ process of the changed TTI and transmitting new data through remaining HARQ processes of the changed TTI after changing the TTI according to an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) signal under the control of the control unit.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the apparatus deletes the data transmitted to a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is a HARQ process ID that does not exist in the changed TTI if the changed TTI is longer than the previous TTI.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, where the apparatus deletes the data transmitted to a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the ACKNACK signal corresponding to the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is not received if the changed TTI is shorter than the previous TTI.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the HARQ control unit confirms HARQ process IDs of the previous TTI, confirms whether ACKNACK responses to the previous HARQ processes having process IDs that are less than or equal to the number of new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI that is received;
if the ACKNACK response is received, determines whether the ACKNACK response is the ACK response; and
if the ACKNACK response is not received or the ACKNACK response is the NACK response, retransmits the data of the previous HARQ process through the new HARQ process having the same process ID.
9. A method of changing a Transmit Time Interval (TTI) through a base station in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable TTI, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a TTI change signal for providing a TTI change;
changing the TTI of an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) channel at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal;
determining whether packet data received from a user equipment (UE) is transmitted by a HARQ process of the previous TTI or by a HARQ process of the changed TTI after changing the TTI; and
if the packet data is transmitted according to the changed TTI, transmitting an ACKNACK response according to an existencenonexistence of an error in the packet data to the UE through the ACKNACK channel.
10. An apparatus for changing a Transmit Time Interval (TTI) through a base station in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable TTI, the apparatus comprising:
a TTI controller for generating new TTI information according to a changed TTI if a TTI change signal for providing a TTI change is received;
a physical layer controller for determining a unit of processing time of an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) channel according to the new TTI information; and
an ACKNACK generator for determining whether packet data received from a user equipment (UE) is transmitted by a HARQ process of the previous TTI or by a HARQ process of the changed TTI after changing the TTI of the ACKNACK channel in synchronization with the unit of processing time of the ACKNACK channel according to the new TTI information, and if the packet data is transmitted according to the changed TTI, transmitting an ACKNACK response according to an existencenonexistence of an error in the packet data through the ACKNACK channel.
11. A method of transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a first TTI change signal for providing a TTI change;
calculating a time point of a second TTI change based on the first TTI change signal and a time point of completion of previous TTI HARQ processes; and
performing the previous TTI HARQ processes before the time point of the second TTI change, and transmitting new data by setting HARQ processes of the changed TTI at the time point of the second TTI change.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the time point of the second TTI change is calculated based on a number of the previous HARQ processes and a predetermined maximum number of retransmission times.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising the step of reserving the transmission of the new data until the second TTI change time arrives after the first TTI change time, and performing a retransmission process of the previous HARQ processes.
14. An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the apparatus comprising:
a soft buffer for storing data to be transmitted based on HARQ processes;
a control unit for calculating a time point of a second TTI change based on a first TTI change signal and a time point of completion of previous TTI HARQ processes, and controlling the HARQ processes according to the time point of the second TTI change;
a coding unit for coding the data under the control of the control unit; and
a HARQ control unit for performing the previous TTI HARQ processes before the time point of the second TTI change, and transmitting new data by setting HARQ processes of the changed TTI at the time point of the second TTI change.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the time point of the second TTI change is calculated based on a number of the previous HARQ processes and a predetermined maximum number of retransmission times.
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the HARQ control unit reserves the transmission of the new data until the second TTI change time arrives after the first TTI change time, and performs a retransmission process of the previous HARQ processes.
17. A method of changing a Transmit Time Interval (TTI) through a base station in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable TTI, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a first TTI change signal for providing a TTI change;
calculating a time point of a second TTI change based on the first TTI change signal and a time point of completion of previous TTI HARQ processes;
transmitting an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) response through an ACKNACK channel according to the previous TTI until the second TTI change time arrives after the first TTI change time; and
changing the TTI of the ACKNACK channel at the time point of the second TTI change, and transmitting the ACKNACK response through the ACKNACK channel according to the changed TTI.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the time point of the second TTI change is calculated based on a number of the previous HARQ processes and a predetermined maximum number of retransmission times.
19. An apparatus for changing a Transmit Time Interval (TTI) through a base station in a communication system that supports a plurality of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) processes according to the TTI that is a unit of data transmission, the apparatus comprising:
a TTI controller for calculating a time point of a second TTI change based on a first TTI change signal and a time point of completion of previous TTI HARQ processes if the first TTI change signal for providing a TTI change is received, and generating new TTI information according to the changed TTI at the time point of the second TTI change;
a physical layer controller for determining a unit of processing time of an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) channel according to the changed TTI information; and
an ACKNACK generator for changing the TTI of the ACKNACK channel at the time point of the second TTI change, and transmitting a ACKNACK response through the ACKNACK channel according to the changed TTI.
20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the time point of the second TTI change is calculated based on a number of the previous HARQ processes and a predetermined maximum number of retransmission times.
21. A method of transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a first TTI change signal for providing a TTI change;
changing a TTI at a time point when the first TTI change signal is received according to a first TTI change mode predetermined if the changed TTI is shorter than the previous TTI; and
changing the TTI at a time point of a second TTI change that is determined based on the first TTI change signal and a time point of completion of previous TTI HARQ processes according to a second TTI changed mode predetermined if the changed TTI is longer than the previous TTI.
22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the step of changing the TTI according to the first TTI change mode comprises the substeps of:
changing the TTI at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal, and setting new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI; and
retransmitting at least one of HARQ processes of the previous TTI through the same HARQ process of the changed TTI and transmitting new data through remaining HARQ processes of the changed TTI after changing the TTI according to an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) signal.
23. The method as claimed in claim 22, further comprising the step of deleting the data transmitted to a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is a HARQ process ID that does not exist in the changed TTI if the changed TTI is longer than the previous TTI.
24. The method as claimed in claim 22, wherein the retransmitting step comprises the substeps of:
confirming process IDs of the respective previous HARQ processes according to the previous TTI, and confirming whether ACKNACK responses to the previous HARQ processes having process IDs the number of which is smaller than or equal to the number of new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI is received;
if the ACKNACK response is received, determining whether the ACKNACK response is the ACK response; and
if the ACKNACK response is not received or the ACKNACK response is the NACK response, retransmitting the data of the previous HARQ process through the new HARQ process having the same process ID.
25. The method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the retransmitting step further comprises the step of deleting the data transmitted to a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the ACKNACK signal corresponding to the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is not received.
26. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the step of changing the TTI according to the second TTI change mode comprises the substep of performing the previous TTI HARQ process before the second TTI change time arrives, and transmitting new data by setting HARQ processes of the changed TTI at the time point of the second TTI change.
27. The method as claimed in claim 26, wherein the time point of the second TTI change is calculated based on a number of the previous HARQ processes and a predetermined maximum number of retransmission times.
28. The method as claimed in claim 26, further comprising the step of reserving the transmission of the new data until the second TTI change time arrives after the first TTI change time, and performing a retransmission process of the previous HARQ processes.
29. An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the apparatus comprising:
a soft buffer for storing data to be transmitted based on HARQ processes;
a control unit for controlling the HARQ processes so as to change a TTI at a time point when a first TTI change signal is received according to a first TTI change mode predetermined if the changed TTI is shorter than the previous TTI, and to change the TTI at a time point of a second TTI change that is determined based on the first TTI change signal and a time point of completion of previous TTI HARQ processes according to a second TTI changed mode predetermined if the changed TTI is longer than the previous TTI;
a coding unit for coding the data under the control of the control unit; and
a HARQ process control unit for performing the HARQ processes under the control of the control unit.
30. The apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein in the case of changing the TTI according to the first TTI change mode, the HARQ control unit changes the TTI at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal, sets new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI, retransmits at least one of HARQ processes of the previous TTI through the same HARQ process of the changed TTI, and transmits new data through remaining HARQ processes of the changed TTI after changing the TTI according to an acknowledgenegative acknowledge (ACKNACK) signal.
31. The apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein the HARQ control unit deletes the data transmitted to an HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is an HARQ process ID that does not exist in the changed TTI if the changed TTI is longer than the previous TTI.
32. The apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein in the case of changing the TTI according to the first TTI change mode, the HARQ control unit confirms process IDs of the respective previous HARQ processes according to the previous TTI, and confirms whether ACKNACK responses to the previous HARQ processes having process IDs the number of which is smaller than or equal to the number of new HARQ processes according to the changed TTI is received;
if the ACKNACK response is received, determines whether the ACKNACK response is the ACK response; and
if the ACKNACK response is not received or the ACKNACK response is the NACK response, retransmits the data of the previous HARQ process through the new HARQ process having the same process ID.
33. The apparatus as claimed in claim 32, wherein in the case of changing the TTI according to the first TTI change mode, the HARQ control unit deletes the data transmitted to a HARQ process ID of the previous TTI if the ACKNACK signal corresponding to the HARQ process ID of the previous TTI is not received.
34. The apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein in the case of changing the TTI according to the second TTI change mode, the HARQ control unit performs the previous TTI HARQ process before the second TTI change time arrives, and transmits new data by setting HARQ processes of the changed TTI at the time point of the second TTI change.
35. The apparatus as claimed in claim 34, wherein the time point of the second TTI change is calculated by considering a number of the previous HARQ processes and a predetermined maximum number of retransmission times.
36. The apparatus as claimed in claim 34, wherein the HARQ control unit reserves the transmission of the new data until the second TTI change time arrives after the first TTI change time, and performs a retransmission process of the previous HARQ processes.
37. A method of transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a TTI change signal for providing a TTI change;
terminating HARQ processes of a previous TTI at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal, and changing the TTI according to the TTI change signal; and
transmitting new data by HARQ processes of the changed TTI after changing the TTI.
38. The method as claimed in claim 37, further comprising the step of terminating all retransmission processes of the previous HARQ processes at a time point when the TTI change signal is received.
39. An apparatus for transmitting data in a communication system that supports a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and a variable Transmit Time Interval (TTI), the apparatus comprising:
a soft buffer for storing data to be transmitted based on HARQ processes;
a control unit for terminating HARQ processes of a previous TTI at a time point indicated by the TTI change signal according to the TTI change signal, and setting an HARQ of the changed TTI;
a coding unit for coding the data under the control of the control unit; and
a HARQ control unit for transmitting new data by HARQ processes of the changed TTI under the control of the control unit.
40. The apparatus as claimed in claim 39, wherein the HARQ control unit terminates all retransmission processes of the previous HARQ processes at a time point when the TTI change signal is received.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An electronic tether for an animal comprising:
an animal worn monitoring module comprising a portable transmitter adapted for transmitting a signal, wherein monitoring module further comprises a first clock and the audio signal comprising a first clock time T1 as measured by the first clock at the time of transmission of the signal; and
an alert module comprising a receiver wirelessly connected to the portable transmitter and a second clock, wherein the receiver is adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter, wherein the first clock and the second clock are referenced to a common time T0 and wherein the alert module is adapted to:
receive the signal from the monitoring module, wherein the signal is received at time T2;
determine a signal propagation time indicative of the time for the signal to reach the alert module from the monitoring module, wherein the signal propagation time is equal to T2=T1;
determine a separation distance between the animal worn monitoring module and the alert module based on the propagation time and a propagation speed of the signal, and
issue an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold.
2. The electronic tether for an animal of claim 1, wherein the portable transmitter is an RF transmitter.
3. The electronic tether for an animal of claim 1, wherein the portable transmitter is an audio transmitter.
4. A method for monitoring an animal using electronic tether comprising:
sending a signal from an animal worn monitoring module, wherein the signal comprises a first clock time T1 as measured by a first clock in the monitoring module at the time of transmission of the signal;
receiving the signal from the animal worn monitoring module at an alert module;
determining an arrival time T2 of the signal at the alert module as measured by a second clock in the alert module, wherein the first clock and the second clock are referenced to a common time T0;
determining a signal propagation time indicative of the time for the signal to reach the alert module from the monitoring module, wherein the signal propagation time is equal to T2\u2212T1;
determining a separation distance between the animal worn monitoring module and the alert module based on the propagation time and a propagation speed of the signal; and
issuing an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the signal is generated by an audio transmitter.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the signal is generated by a RF transmitter.
7. A method for monitoring object location using an electronic tether comprising:
sending a signal from a monitoring module, wherein the signal comprises a first clock time T1 as measured by a first clock in the monitoring module at the time of transmission of the signal;
receiving the signal from the monitoring module at an alert module;
determining an arrival time T2 of the signal at the alert module as measured by a second clock in the alert module, wherein the first clock and the second clock are referenced to a common time T0;
determining a signal propagation time indicative of the time for the signal to reach the alert module from the monitoring module, wherein the signal propagation time is equal to T2\u2212T1;
determining a separation distance between the monitoring module and the alert module based on the propagation time and a propagation speed of the signal; and
issuing an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein issuing an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold level comprises issuing a visual alarm.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein issuing an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold level comprises displaying a text message.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein issuing an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold level comprises issuing a tactile alert.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the signal is an RF signal.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the signal is an audio signal.
13. The method of claim 7, wherein the monitoring device is used to monitored an object selected from the list consisting of a human, a non-human animal, an article of luggage, a computer, a package, and a container.
14. The method of claim 7, wherein issuing an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold level comprises issuing an audible alarm.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein issuing an audible alarm when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold level comprises issuing a synthesized voice.
16. An electronic tether comprising:
a monitoring module comprising a first clock, wherein the monitoring module is adapted to send a signal comprising a first clock time T1 as measured by the first clock at the time of transmission of the signal; and
an alert module comprising a second clock, wherein the first clock and the second clock are referenced to a common time T0 and the alert module is adapted to:
receive the signal from the monitoring module, wherein the signal is received at time T2;
determine a signal propagation time indicative of the time for the signal to reach the alert module from the monitoring module, wherein the signal propagation time is equal to T2\u2212T1;
determine a separation distance between the monitoring module and the alert module based on the propagation time and a propagation speed of the signal; and
issue an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold.
17. The electronic tether of claim 16, wherein the signal is an RF signal.
18. The electronic tether of claim 16, wherein the signal is an audio signal.
19. The electronic tether of claim 16, wherein the monitoring device is used to monitored an object selected from the list consisting of a human, a non-human animal, an article of luggage, a computer, a package, and a container.
20. The electronic tether of claim 16, wherein the alert is an audible alarm.
21. The electronic tether of claim 20, wherein the audible alarm is a synthesized voice.
22. The electronic tether of claim 16, wherein the alert is a visual alarm.
23. The electronic tether of claim 22, wherein the visual alarm is a text.
24. An anti-theft alert device comprising:
a monitoring module comprising a portable transmitter adapted for transmitting an audio signal, wherein the monitoring module further comprises a first clock and the audio signal comprising a first clock time T1 as measured by the first clock at the time of transmission of the signal; and
an alert module comprising a receiver wirelessly connected to the portable transmitter and a second clock, wherein the receiver is adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter, wherein the first clock and the second clock are referenced to a common time T0 and wherein the alert module is adapted to:
receive the signal from the monitoring module, wherein the signal is received at time T2;
determine a signal propagation time indicative of the time for the signal to reach the alert module from the monitoring module, wherein the signal propagation time is equal to T2\u2212T1;
determine a separation distance between the monitoring module and the alert module based on the propagation time and a propagation speed of the signal, and
issue an alert when the separation distance exceeds a predetermined threshold.
25. The electronic tether of claim 24, wherein the portable transmitter is an RF transmitter.
26. The electronic tether of claim 25, wherein the transmitter is a audio transmitter.
27. The electronic tether of claim 24, wherein the alert is an audible alarm.
28. The electronic tether of claim 27, wherein the audible alarm is a synthesized voice.
29. The electronic tether of claim 24, wherein the alert is a visual alarm.
30. The electronic tether of claim 29, wherein the visual alarm is a text message.