Author: claimsbot

1. A method of manufacturing a display panel, comprising:
forming signal lines and thin film transistors on a substrate;
forming a plurality of color filters on the signal lines and the thin film transistors;
forming a light blocking member comprising a thermochromic material on the signal lines and the thin film transistors; and
forming a plurality of pixel electrodes on the plurality of color filters and the light blocking member,
wherein the thermochromic material exhibits a black color at a temperature below a threshold temperature in a range from 78\xb0 C. to 82\xb0 C. and becomes transparent at a temperature above the threshold temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the light blocking member further comprises a polymerizable compound and a binder.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein
a transmittance of the thermochromic material is changed within a range of 1\xb0 C. to 2\xb0 C. with reference to the threshold temperature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein
a transmittance change with reference to the threshold temperature of the thermochromic material is reversible.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein
an optical density of the light blocking member is greater than or equal to 3.0 at the temperature below the threshold temperature, and less than or equal to 2.0 at the temperature above the threshold temperature.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

We claim:

1. A compound of formula (I) or (II):
73
wherein
R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carboxy, C(O)C1-C6alkyl, C(O)C1-C6alkoxy, C(O)NHC1-C6alkyl-NH2, C(O)NHC1-C6alkyl-NHRA, C(O)NHC1-C6alkyl-N(RA)2, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHRA, C(O)N(RA)2, C1-C6alkyl-NH2, C1-C6alkyl-NHRA, C1-C6alkyl-N(RA)2, NHC1-C6alkyl-N(RA)2;
where each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, aryl, C1-C6aralkyl and heteroaryl, where the aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three RB;
where each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6alkylcarbonyl, carboxyC1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, di(C1-C6alkyl)amino, acetylamino, carboxyC1-C6alkylcarbonylamino, hydroxyC1-C6alkylamino, NHRA and N(RA)2;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C5-C10alkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, NHRA or N(RA)2), aryl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RC), cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RA), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RC), and heterocycloalkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RC);
where RC is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, NH2, NH(C1-C6alkyl) and N(C1-C6alkyl)2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkylcarbonyl, C2-C6alkenylcarbonyl and C2-C6alkynylcarbonyl;
b is an integer from 0 to 4;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, oxo, nitro, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl (wherein the phenyl group may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RD), phenylsulfonyl, naphthyl, C1-C6aralkyl, O-aralkyl, (wherein the aralkyl group may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RD), heteroaryl (wherein the heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RD), heterocycloalkyl, NH2, NHRA, N(RA)2,
74
75
where each RD is independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, oxo, C1-C4alkyl, C1-4alkylthio, hydroxyC1-4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4alkyoxycarbonyl, C1-C4alkylcarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, NH2, NHRA, N(RA)2, C(O)N(RA)2, SO2N(RA)2, acetylamino, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, carboxyC1-C6alkyl and aralkyl;
c is an integer from 0 to 4;
R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, NH2, NHRA, N(RA)2, ORA, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHRA, C(O)N(RA)2, NHC(O)RA, SO2NHRA, SO2N(RA)2, where RA is as defined above, phenyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RB), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RB) and heterocycloalkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RB);
a is an integer from 0 to 1;
Y selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl-, C(O), (C1-C6alkyl)carbonyl-, (C2-C6alkenyl)carbonyl-, (C2-C6alkynyl)carbonyl-, -carbonyl(C1-C6alkyl)-, -carbonyl(C2-C6alkenyl)-, C(O)O(C1-C6alkyl)-, C(S), SO2, (C1-C6alkyl)sulfonyl-, -sulfonyl(C1-C6alkyl)-, C(O)NH, C(O)NH(C1-C6alkyl)-, C(O)(C3-C7cycloalkyl)- and (C3-C7cycloalkyl)-C(O);
76
is selected from the group consisting phenyl, furyl, thienyl and pyrrolyl;
77
is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
provided that when R1 is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, b is 0, c is 0, a is 1, Y is CH2,
78
is phenyl and
79
is phenyl, then R2 is not trimethoxyphenyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein
R1 is hydrogen;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl (optionally substituted with one to two substituent selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, NH2, NH(C1-C3alkyl) or N(C1-C3alkyl)2), heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C4alkyl;
b is an integer from 0 to 4;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, oxo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl (wherein the phenyl may be optionally substituted with one to two substituents selected from hydroxy, carboxy, C1-C4alkyl, C1-4alkylthio, hydroxyC1-4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4alkyoxycarbonyl, C(O)N(RA)2, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, (C1-4alkyl)amino, di(C1-4alkyl)amino, nitro, cyano or formyl), O-aralkyl, heteroaryl (wherein the heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to two substituents selected from hydroxy, carboxy, oxo, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C3alkyoxycarbonyl, C(O)N(RA)2, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, nitro, C1-C3alkylcarbonyl or C1-4aralkyl), heterocycloalkyl,
80
c is 0;
a is an integer from 0 to 1;
Y is selected from the group consisting of C1-C4alkyl-, C(S), C(O), C(O)O(C1-C4alkyl)-, C(O)(C1-C4alkyl)-, C(O)(C2-C4alkenyl)-, C(O)(C3-C7cycloalkyl)- and C(O)NH(C1-C3alkyl)-;
81
is phenyl;
82
is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
3. The compound of claim 2 wherein
R2 is selected from the group consisting of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl), 3,4-dihydrobenzo-1,4-dioxin-6-yl, 5-benzofuryl, 5-indanyl and 3-thienyl;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of H and methyl;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of bromo, hydroxy, carboxy, oxo, methyl, phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl, 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-formylphenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, benzyloxy, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, N-oxy-2-pyridinyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 1-imidazolyl, 5-(1-benzyl-2-methylimidazolyl), 5-(1,2-dimethylimidazolyl), 5-(1-methylimidazoly), 5-(1-benzylimidazolyl), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl,
83
Y is selected from the group consisting of CH2, C(S), C(O), C(O)OCH2, C(O)CH2CH2, C(O)CHCH, C(O)NHCH2 (107), C(O)-cyclopropyl and C(O)CH2;
84
is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-furyl, 2-benzo(b)furyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, and 2-oxa-bicyclo2.2.1heptanyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
4. The compound of claim 3 wherein
R2 is selected from the group consisting of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, 5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl), 3,4-dihydrobenzo-1,4-dioxin-6-yl, 3-thienyl, 5-indanyl and 5-benzofuryl;
R3 is H;
b is in integer from 0 to 1;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo, 2-hydroxy, 6-hydroxy, 4-carboxy, phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl, 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-formylphenyl, benzyloxy, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-furyl, 3-thienyl, N-oxo-2-pyridinyl, 1-imidazolyl, 5-(1-benzyl-2-methylimidazolyl), 5-1,2-dimethylimidazolyl), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl,
85
86
Y is selected from the group consisting of C(O), C(O)OCH2, C(O)CH2CH2, C(O)CHCH, and C(O)-cyclopropyl;
87
is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-furyl, 2-benzo(b)furyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl and 2-thiazolyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein
R4 is selected from the group consisting of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, 5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl), 3,4-dihydrobenzo-1,4-dioxin-6-yl, 3-thienyl, 5-indanyl and 5-benzofuryl;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of 5-bromo, 2-hydroxy, 6-hydroxy, 4-carboxy, phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-hydroxymethyphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl, 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-formylphenyl, benzyloxy, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, N-oxo-2-pyridinyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 1-imidazolyl, 5-(1-benzyl-2-methylimidazolyl), 5-(1,2-dimethylimidazolyl), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl,
88
89
Y is selected from the group consisting of C(O), C(O)OCH2 and C(O)CHCH;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
6. The compound of claim 5 wherein
R4 is selected from the group consisting of 6-hydroxy, 4-carboxy, phenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, N-oxo-2-pyridinyl, 3-thienyl, 5-(1-benzyl-2-methylimidazolyl), 5-(1,2-dimethylimidazolyl),
90
91
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
7. The compound of claim 6 wherein
R2 is selected from the group consisting of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, and 5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl);
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl,
92
Y is selected from the group consisting of C(O) and C(O)OCH2;
93
is selected from the group consisting of 2-furyl, 2-benzo(b)furyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl and 2-thiazolyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
8. The compound of claim 7 selected from the group consisting of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-(4-pyridinyl)methyloxycarbonyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-5-(2-pyridinyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-(3,4-dihydrobenzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-(3,4-dihydrobenzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(5-(4-(1-(4-methyl)-piperazinylcarbonyl)-phenyl)-furoyl)-9H-pyrrolo3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-2,3-bipyridin-6-yl-3-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-(2-pyridinyl)-3-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
9. The compound of claim 8 selected from the group consisting of
R-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
R-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-(4-pyridinyl)methyloxycarbonyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
R-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-5-(2-pyridinyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-(3,4-dihydrobenzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
R-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-2-yl-3-(3,4-dihydrobenzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo-3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
R-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(5-(4-(1-(4-methyl)-piperazinylcarbonyl)-phenyl)-furoyl)-9H-pyrrolo3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
R-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-(2-pyridinyl)-3-(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)-9H-pyrrolo3,4-bquinolin-9-one;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
10. A compound of formula (I) or (II):
94
wherein
R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carboxy, C(O)C1-C6alkyl, C(O)C1-C6alkoxy, C(O)NHC1-C6alkyl-NH2, C(O)NHC1-C6alkyl-NHRA, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHRA, C(O)N(RA)2, C1-C6alkyl-NH2, C1-C6alkyl-NHRA, C1-C6alkyl-N(RA)2, NHC1-C6alkyl-N(RA)2;
where each RA is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, aryl, C1-C6aralkyl and heteroaryl, where the aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three RB;
where each RB is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6alkylcarbonyl, carboxyC1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, di(C1-C6alkyl)amino, acetylamino, carboxyC1-C6alkylcarbonylamino, hydroxyC1-C6alkylamino, NHRA and N(RA)2;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of C5-C10alkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, NHRA or N(RA)2), aryl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RC), cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RA), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RC), and heterocycloalkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RC);
where RC is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, NH2, NH(C1-C6alkyl) and N(C1-C6alkyl)2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkylcarbonyl, C2-C6alkenylcarbonyl and C2-C6alkynylcarbonyl;
b is an integer from 0 to 4;
R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, nitro, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl (wherein the phenyl group may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RD), phenylsulfonyl, naphthyl, C1-C6aralkyl, O-aralkyl, (wherein the aralkyl group may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RD), heteroaryl (wherein the heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RD), NH2, NHRA, N(RA)2,
95
where each RD is independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4alkyoxycarbonyl, C1-C4alkylcarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, NH2, NHRA, N(RA)2, C(O)N(RA)2, SO2N(RA)2, acetylamino, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl and carboxyC1-C6alkyl;
c is an integer from 0 to 4;
R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, NH2, NHRA, N(RA)2, ORA, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHRA, C(O)N(RA)2, NHC(O)RA, SO2NHRA, SO2N(RA)2, where RA is as defined above, phenyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RB), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RB) and heterocycloalkyl (optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from RB);
a is an integer from 0 to 1;
Y selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl-, C(O), (C1-C6alkyl)carbonyl-, (C2-C6alkenyl)carbonyl-, (C2-C6alkynyl)carbonyl-, -carbonyl(C1-C6alkyl)-, -carbonyl(C2-C6alkenyl)-, C(O)O(C1-C6alkyl)-, C(S), SO2, (C1-C6alkyl)sulfonyl-, -sulfonyl(C1-C6alkyl)-, C(O)NH, C(O)NH(C1-C6alkyl)-, C(O)(C3-C7cycloalkyl)- and (C3-C7cycloalkyl)-C(O);
96
is selected from the group consisting phenyl, furyl, thienyl and pyrrolyl;
97
is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
provided that when RA is hydrogen, R3 is hydrogen, b is 0, c is 0, a is 1, Y is CH2,
98
is phenyl and
99
is phenyl, then R2 is not trimethoxyphenyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of claim 1.
12. A pharmaceutical composition made by mixing a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising mixing a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
14. A method of treating sexual dysfunction in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1.
15. A method of treating sexual dysfunction in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 11.
16. The method of treating sexual dysfunction of claim 14, wherein the sexual dysfunction is male sexual dysfunction, male erectile dysfunction, impotence, female sexual dysfunction, female sexual arousal dysfunction and female sexual dysfunction related to blood flow and nitric oxide production in the tissues of the vagina and clitoris.
17. A method for increasing the concentration of cGMP in penile tissue in a male subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of claim 1.
18. A method of treating a condition selected from the group consisting of male erectile dysfunction (ED), impotence, female sexual arousal dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction related to blood flow and nitric oxide production in the tissues of the vagina and clitoris, premature labor, dysmenorrhea, cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, arterial occlusive disorders, thrombosis, coronary rest stenosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic heart disorders, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, intermittent claudication and diabetic complications in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1.

1. A method for treating flower and flower petals to produce a dried non-perishable edible decorative flower or flower petal that substantially retains its original appearance as before treatment, comprising:
a. by immersion, spraying, or by a combination of immersion and spraying, coating a fresh flower or flower petal with a preservative composition, wherein the flower or flower petal comprises an upper surface and a lower surface and wherein the preservative composition comprises:
i. an aqueous solvent comprising water and from about 0.01% to at least about 50% alcohol on a volumetric basis; and
ii. a binding agent that comprises egg white protein;

b. adding a strengthening component to at least the lower surface of the preservative-coated flower or flower petal wherein the strengthening component is added while the preservative composition remains liquid;
c. after the preservative composition dries, spray-applying a sugar coating to at least the upper surface of the flower or flower petal; and
d. drying the flower or flower petal, thereby producing a dried non-perishable edible decorative flower or flower petal that substantially retains the same appearance as before treatment.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol is a distilled spirit.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the distilled spirit is selected from the group consisting of beer, wine, champagne, vodka, gin, scotch, whiskey, bourbon, cognac, brandy, rum, and grain alcohol.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the egg white protein is included in a meringue composition that comprises powdered egg whites, corn starch, vanilla, sugar, calcium sulfate, citric acid, cream of tartar, gum arabic, and silicon dioxide.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the strengthening component is a sugar.
6. A method according to claim 1, further comprising adding at least one decorative component to at least the upper surface of the flower or flower petal after the flower or flower petal is substantially dry.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein at least one decorative component is applied using a food grade confectionary lacquer, shellac, or an isomalt sugar solution that includes the decorative component(s).
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein the decorative component, is selected from the group consisting of a gem, a mineral, a metal, an iridescent coloring, a food coloring, a food dye, a non-food dye, and a form of chocolate.
9. A non-perishable, edible decorative flower or flower petal produced in accordance with the method according to claim 1.
10. A kit comprising a non-perishable edible decorative flower or flower petal, according to claim 9 packaged in a container.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for personalizing a secure element associated with a computing device, the method comprising:
initiating data communication with a server;
sending device information of the secure element in responding to a request from the server after the server determines that the secure element is registered therewith, wherein the device information is a sequence of characters uniquely identifying the secure element, and the request is a command causing the computing device to retrieve the device information from the secure element;
receiving at least a set of keys from the server, wherein the keys are generated in the server in accordance with the device information of the secure element; and
storing the set of keys in the secure element to facilitate a subsequent transaction by the computing device.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the computing device is a Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled device accommodating the secure element that must be personalized before the NFC-enabled device is used to provide various transactions with a party over a data network.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the NFC-enabled device is a smart phone, the party is a financial agent, and one of the various transactions is related to a financial transaction with the financial agent.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the server is part of a Trusted Service Management (TSM) which is a collection of services configured to distribute and manage contactless services for customers signed up with the TSM, and provide data exchanges among different parties to make electronic commerce possible with the computing device over a wireless network.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the device information includes an identifier of the secure element, manufacturer information and a batch number.
6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein based on the device information of the secure element, the server is configured to retrieve corresponding default Issuer Security Domain (ISD) information of the secure element from a provider thereof.
7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the secure element is in form of a smart card or an integrated circuit (IC), and includes one issuer security domain (ISD) and an option for multiple supplemental security domains (SSD).
8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the secure element is a software module upgradable by overwriting some of all of components therein, the software module is obtained and updated by downloading updating components from a designated server using a data communication mechanism.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
sending to a designated server an identifier identifying an application together with the device information of the secure element;
establishing a secured channel between the secure element and the designated server using a derived Issuer Security Domain (ISD) key set installed on the secure element;
installing the SSD key if there is no such a SSD associated with the application;
receiving necessary data to enable the application to function as being configured; and
notifying a provider of the application about a status of the application now running with the secure element.
10. A method for personalizing a secure element associated with a computing device, the method comprising:
initiating data communication between a server and the computing device;
sending a request from the server to the computing device to request device information of the secure element after the server determines that the computing device is registered therewith, wherein the device information is a sequence of characters uniquely identifying the secure element, and the request is a command causing the computing device to retrieve the computing device information from the secure element;
generating at least a set of keys in accordance with the device information;
delivering the set of keys through a secured channel over a data network to the computing device, wherein the set of keys is caused to be stored in the secure element with the computing device; and
notifying related parties that the secure element is now personalized for subsequent trusted transactions.
11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the server is part of a Trusted Service Management (TSM) which is a collection of services configured to distribute and manage contactless services for customers signed up with the TSM, and provide data exchanges among different parties to make commerce possible with the computing device.
12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the device information includes an identifier of the secure element, manufacturer information and a batch number.
13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising: retrieving corresponding default Issuer Security Domain (ISD) information of the secure element from a provider thereof based on the device information of the secure element.
14. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the secure element is in form of a smart card or an integrated circuit (IC), and includes one issuer security domain (ISD) and an option for one or more of multiple supplemental security domains (SSD).
15. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the secure element is a software module upgradable by overwriting some of all of components therein, the software module is obtained and updated by downloading updating components from a designated server using a data communication mechanism.
16. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the computing device is a Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled device accommodating the secure element that must be personalized before the NFC-enabled device is used to provide various transactions with a party over a data network.
17. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the NFC-enabled device is a mobile device, the party is a financial agent, and one of the various transactions is related to a financial transaction with the financial agent.
18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the secure element is in form of a smart card or an integrated circuit (IC), and includes one issuer security domain (ISD) and an option for multiple supplemental security domains (SSD).
19. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
facilitating a designated server to receive an identifier identifying an application together with the device information of the secure element and establish a secured channel between the secure element and the designated server using a derived Issuer Security Domain (ISD) key set installed on the secure element;
determining if there is a supplemental security domain (SSD) key set associated with the application, and installing the SSD key if there is no such a SSD associated with the application;
preparing necessary data for the application to enable the application to perform as being configured; and
notifying a provider of the application about a status of the application now running with the secure element.
20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein the necessary data includes a graphic user interface specifically designed for the computing device and a set of application keys for the application.