Author: claimsbot

1. A test case generation method in a test case generation device for generating a test case from software specification,
wherein the test case generation device performs the steps of:
receiving the software specification and storing it in a storage part;
generating a test case including a test input value for particular software from the software specification, as well as an expected output value expected to be obtained as an output value when the software is executed by inputting the test input value, and storing the generated test case in the storage part;
checking whether a value that can be output in the software specification is included in the expected output value; and
as a result of the check, when it is determined that the value that can be output in the software specification is not included in the expected output value, generating a test case including the value that can be output in the software specification as well as a corresponding test input value, and adding the generated test case to the test case stored in the storage part.
2. The test case generation method according to claim 1,
wherein the software specification is a decision table in which the relationship between a condition before the execution of the software and a result after the execution of the software is defined in the form of a table.
3. The test case generation method according to claim 2,
wherein the step performed by the test case generation device to check whether the value that can be output in the software specification is included in the expected output value is a process for checking whether a result value candidate is included in the test case that has been generated and whether the result value candidate can be generated as a process result defined in the decision table, for each result value candidate defined as a combination of result factors of the decision table.
4. The test case generation method according to claim 3,
wherein, as a result of the check for each result value candidate defined as a combination of result factors of the decision table, if the result value candidate is not included in the test case that has been generated and if the particular result value candidate can be generated as the process result defined in the decision table, the test case generation device calculates one input value to provide the result value candidate and adds the input value as a new test case to the test case stored in the storage device.
5. A test case generation device for generating a test case from software specification, the test case generation device comprising:
a specification reception part for receiving the software specification and storing it in a storage part;
a test case generation part for generating a test case including a test input value for particular software from the software specification, as well as an expected output value expected to be obtained as an output value when the software is executed by inputting the test input value, and storing the generated test case in the storage part;
an expected output check part for checking whether a value that can be output in the software specification is included in the expected output value; and
a test case addition part for generating a test case including the value that can be output in the software specification as well as the corresponding test input value if the expected output check part determines that the value that can be output in the software specification is not included in the expected output value, and adding the generated test case to the test case stored in the storage part.
6. The test case generation device according to claim 5,
wherein the software specification is a decision table in which the relationship between a condition before the execution of the software and a result after the execution of the software is defined in the form of a table.
7. The test case generation device according to claim 6,
wherein the expected output check part includes:
a first check part for checking whether a particular result value candidate is included in the test case that has been generated, for each result value candidate defined as a combination of result factors of the decision table; and
a second check part for checking whether a particular result value candidate can be generated as the process result defined in the decision table.
8. The test case generation device according to claim 7,
wherein as a result of the first and second check parts for each result value candidate defined as a combination of result factors of the decision table, if the particular result value candidate is not included in the test case that has been generated, and if the particular result value candidate can be generated as the process result defined in the decision table, the test case addition part calculates one input value to provide the result value candidate and adds as a new test case to the test case stored in the storage part.
9. A storage medium storing a program that can be read by a computer,
wherein the program allows the computer to function as:
a specification receiving unit that receives software specification and stores the software specification in a storage part;
a test case generating unit that generates a test case including a test input value for particular software from the software specification, as well as an expected output value expected to be obtained as an output value when the software is executed by inputting the test input value, and stores the generated test case in the storage part;
an expected output checking unit that checks whether a value that can be output in the software specification is included in the expected output value; and
a test case adding unit that generates a test case including the value that can be output in the software specification as well as a corresponding test input value if the expected output checking unit determines that the value that can be output in the software specification is not included in the expected output value, and adding the generated test case to the test case stored in the storage part.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A stacked railway tie comprising:
a first deck;
a second deck coupled to the first deck, wherein the second deck is adapted to receive at least a portion of the first deck therein such that the first deck is at least partially nested within the second deck, and wherein the second deck is configured to facilitate coupling of a rail to the first deck;
a fastening system configured to couple the second deck to the first deck; and
wherein the second deck has a concave lower surface defining a void in the second deck, and wherein the first deck has a convex upper surface, wherein the convex upper surface of the first deck is at least partially disposed within the void in the second deck when the second deck is coupled to the first deck.
2. A railway tie as recited in claim 1, wherein the first deck is configured to have the second deck stacked thereon, and wherein the second deck is configured to distribute a load to the first deck.
3. A railway tie as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least one spacer positioned substantially between the first deck and the second deck.
4. The railway tie as recited in claim 3, wherein the at least one spacer is nonconductive.
5. A railway tie as recited in claim 3, further comprising a mid-deck positioned between at least one of: (i) the first deck and the spacer; or (ii) the second deck and the spacer.
6. A railway tie as recited in claim 1, further comprising a ballast displacement system coupled to the first deck and configured to facilitate distribution of a load from the first deck to ballast.
7. A railway tie as recited in claim 1, wherein the fastening system is configured to reduce at least one of: (i) vertical movement of the second deck; (ii) lateral movement of the second deck; or (iii) longitudinal movement of the second deck.
8. A railway tie as recited in claim 1, wherein the fastening system releasably couples the second deck to the first deck such that the second deck can be selectively coupled to or removed from the first deck when a bottom surface of the first deck is positioned within ballast.
9. A stacked railway tie comprising:
a base deck having a convex primary surface;
a top deck positioned above the base deck, the top deck having a concave primary surface defining a void in the top deck, wherein the top deck is adapted to receive the convex primary surface of the base deck within the void such that the base deck is at least partially nested within the top deck, and wherein the top deck is configured to facilitate distribution of a load from the top deck to the base deck; and
a first fastening system configured to couple the top deck to the base deck.
10. A railway tie as recited in claim 9, further comprising a second fastening system configured to couple a rail to the top deck.
11. A railway tie as recited in claim 9, further comprising a spacer positioned between the convex primary surface of the base deck and the concave primary surface of the top deck, the at least one spacer being adapted to transfer the load of the top deck to the base deck.
12. A railway tie as recited in claim 11, further comprising a mid-deck positioned between at least one of: (i) the base deck and the spacer; or (ii) the top deck and the spacer.
13. A railway tie as recited in claim 11, wherein the base deck is electrically insulated from the top deck.
14. A railway tie as recited in claim 13, wherein the spacer electrically insulates the base deck from the top deck.
15. A railway tie as recited in claim 14, further comprising one or more side plates positioned between the base deck and the top deck, wherein the side plates and the spacer electrically insulate the base deck from the top deck.
16. A height adjustable railway tie for reducing ballast migration in areas where the crib is reduced or removed in order to accommodate additional railway equipment, the railway tie comprising:
a base deck having a convex upper surface;
a first top deck coupled to the base deck, wherein the first top deck has a concave lower surface defining a void and is coupled to the base deck such that the convex upper surface of the base deck is nested at least partially within the void of the first top deck, the first top deck being configured to have a first rail linked thereto;
a second top deck nested over and coupled to the base deck, the second top deck being configured to have a second rail linked thereto; and
at least one spacer positioned between the base deck and the first and second top decks, such that the at least one spacer offsets the first and second top decks from the base deck, wherein the at least one spacer is adapted to individually adjust the offset between (i) the first top deck and the base deck, and (ii) the second top deck and the base deck.
17. A height adjustable railway tie as recited in claim 16, further comprising a first fastening system adapted to couple the base deck to the first and second top decks.
18. A height adjustable railway tie as recited in claim 17, wherein the first fastening system comprises at least one clamp.
19. A height adjustable railway tie as recited in claim 16, further comprising a second fastening system adapted to couple the first and second rails to the first and second top decks, respectively.
20. A height adjustable railway tie as recited in claim 16, further comprising a mid-deck configured to increase separation between the top deck and the base deck, and positioned between at least one of: (i) the first deck and the spacer; or (ii) the second deck and the spacer.
21. A height adjustable railway tie as recited in claim 16, wherein the top deck and the at least one spacer are configured to facilitate distribution of a load between the top deck and the base deck.
22. A stacked railway tie comprising:
a substantially rigid base deck having a convex upper surface,
a ballast displacement system secured to the underside of the base deck, wherein the ballast displacement system is configured to facilitate distribution of a load on the base deck to ballast positioned beneath the base deck; and
a top deck including a concave lower surface defining a void, the top deck coupled to the base deck in such a manner that the convex upper surface of the substantially rigid base deck is at least partially disposed within the void in the top deck, wherein the top deck is configured to facilitate coupling of a rail to the base deck.
23. A stacked railway tie as recited in claim 22, wherein the ballast displacement system comprises at least one material selected from a group comprising: (i) steel; and (ii) HDPE.
24. A stacked railway tie as recited in claim 22, wherein the ballast displacement system comprises a plurality of portions.
25. A stacked railway tie as recited in claim 22, further comprising height adjustment means for selectively adjusting the vertical position of the top deck relative to the base deck.
26. A stacked railway tie as recited in claim 25, wherein the height adjustment means comprises at spacer.
27. A method for making a stacked railway tie comprising the steps of:
providing a base deck having a convex upper surface;
placing at least one spacer on the base deck;
stacking a top deck on the base deck, such that the spacer is positioned between the base deck and the top deck, wherein the top deck has a concave lower surface defining a void, and wherein stacking the top deck on the base deck causes the upper surface of the base deck to be least partially nested within the void of the top deck;
coupling the top deck to the base deck; and
coupling a rail to the top deck, such that the rail is coupled to the base deck.
28. A method for making a stacked railway tie as recited in claim 27, wherein the step of coupling the top deck to the base deck further comprises clamping the top deck to the base deck.
29. A method for making a stacked railway tie as recited in claim 27, wherein the step of coupling the top deck to the base deck further comprises the step of bolting the top deck to the base deck.
30. A method for making a stacked railway tie as recited in claim 27, further comprising the steps of providing a second top deck and stacking the second top deck on the base deck such that the base deck is at least partially nested within the second top deck and the at least one spacer is positioned between the base deck and the second top deck.
31. A method for making a stacked railway tie as recited in claim 30, further comprising the step of electrically insulating the top deck from the second top deck.
32. A method for distributing a load between a stacked railway tie and ballast, comprising the steps of:
providing a base deck that is configured to receive a top deck thereon, the base deck including a convex upper surface and the top deck including a concave lower surface that defines a void;
configuring the base deck to receive a top deck;
coupling the top deck to the base deck such that the convex upper surface of the base deck is positioned at least partially within the void of the top deck;
configuring the top deck to distribute a load to the base deck; and
placing a ballast displacement system in communication with the base deck, wherein the ballast displacement system is adapted to distribute the load on the base deck to ballast.
33. A method for distributing a load as recited in claim 32, wherein the step of configuring the top deck to distribute a load to the base deck comprises positioning a spacer at least partially between the base deck and the top deck.
34. A method for distributing a load as recited in claim 32, further comprising the step of electrically insulating the top deck from the base deck.

1. A liquid for electrophoretic display comprising at least alkylpolyetheramine having a structural unit represented by the following Formula (I), a polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer having a structural unit represented by the following Formula (II), one or more kinds of fine particles and a dispersion liquid medium, wherein a content of the alkylpolyetheramine is 1.0 to 200% by weight based on a content of fine particles:
in Formula (I) described above, R1 is a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group; R2 is (CH2CH2O)x-H; R3 is (CH2CH2O)y-H; and x and y are positive numbers;
OH(C2H4O)p(C3H6O)qH\u2003\u2003(II)
in Formula (II) described above, p and q are positive numbers.
2. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, wherein the polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer has an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 4,000.
3. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, wherein an amount of ethylene oxide in the polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer is 50% by weight or less.
4. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, wherein a content of the polyoxyethylene oxypropylene block polymer is 0.01 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the display liquid.
5. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, wherein the fine particles are subjected to surface treatment for making the fine particles lipophilic.
6. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 5, wherein the surface treatment for making the fine particles lipophilic is carried out with a coupling agent.
7. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 6, wherein the coupling agent is at least one agent selected from the group consisting of titanate base coupling agents, aluminum base coupling agents and silane base coupling agents.
8. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 5, wherein a surface functional group of the fine particles subjected to the surface treatment for making the fine particles lipophilic is an alkoxycarbonyl group.
9. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, wherein at least one kind of the fine particles is polymer fine particles containing a colorant, an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment.
10. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 9, wherein a structural component of the polymer fine particles containing a colorant is a cross-linked acryl base resin.
11. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, wherein the fine particles have a mean particle size of 0.05 to 20 \u03bcm.
12. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1, further comprising a dispersant.
13. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 12, wherein the dispersant is a nonionic or anionic surfactant.
14. The liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 12, wherein a content of the dispersant is 0.01 to 50% by weight based on the total amount of the display liquid.
15. A medium for electrophoretic display wherein the liquid for electrophoretic display as described in claim 1 is filled into independent structures of microcapsules or cells in the medium.
16. The medium for electrophoretic display as described in claim 15, wherein in the structure of the cell filled with the liquid for electrophoretic display, an electrode part and a cell part that the liquid for electrophoretic display touches are subjected to hydrophilization treatment selected from the group consisting of ozone treatment, plasma treatment, corona treatment, UV itoro treatment, sputtering treatment, polymer layer-forming treatment, inorganic layer-forming treatment and organic or inorganic hybrid layer-forming treatment.
17. The medium for electrophoretic display as described in claim 15, wherein the microcapsule has a size of 10 to 200 \u03bcm.
18. The medium for electrophoretic display as described in claim 15, wherein the microcapsule has flexibility and is less liable to generate a space in arranging the microcapsules.
19. The medium for electrophoretic display as described in claim 15, wherein the independent cells have a volume of 1\xd710\u22129 to 1\xd710\u22123 ml.
20. An electrophoretic display device comprising a pair of substrates in which a light-transmitting electrode is formed on at least one substrate and the medium for electrophoretic display as described in claim 15 interposed between the above substrates.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of registering an electronic device of a subscriber, the method comprising:
facilitating a ground-based network registration comprising:
receiving a communication initiated by the electronic device,
retrieving, using information in the communication, an identification of the electronic device from a home network of the subscriber, and
creating, with one or more processors, an account for the subscriber, the account including the identification of the electronic device; and

after facilitating the ground-based network registration, facilitating a non-terrestrial network-based registration comprising:
receiving a connection request initiated by the electronic device while the electronic device is in communication with a non-terrestrial network,
responsive to receiving the connection request, establishing a secure communication channel with the electronic device, and
providing an update for the electronic device to the home network of the subscriber.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the communication initiated by the electronic device comprises:
examining a subscription identification indicated in the communication to identify the home network of the subscriber.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein retrieving the identification of the electronic device comprises:
providing the subscription identification to the home network of the subscriber, and
receiving the identification of the electronic device from the home network.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein facilitating the ground-based network registration further comprises:
generating a digital certificate based on the identification of the electronic device, and
providing the digital certificate to the electronic device.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the connection request initiated by the electronic device includes the digital certificate, and wherein establishing the secure communication channel with the electronic device comprises:
validating the digital certificate, and
notifying the electronic device that the digital certificate is valid.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein facilitating the non-terrestrial network-based registration further comprises:
requesting the electronic device to provide credentials for the subscriber,
receiving the credentials for the subscriber, and
authorizing the subscriber using the credentials.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the update for the electronic device to the home network of the subscriber comprises:
providing a location update for the electronic device to the home network, wherein the home network updates a location registry with the location update.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein facilitating the non-terrestrial network-based registration further comprises:
receiving a session registration request initiated by the electronic device, the session registration request including a uniform resource indicator (URI) and a source address,
modifying the source address to generate a care-of address (CoA) for the electronic device, and
associating the URI with the CoA.
9. A system for registering an electronic device of a subscriber, comprising:
an interface configured to provide at least one communicative connection to a ground-based network, a non-ground-based network, and a home network of the subscriber; and
a registration server communicatively connected to the interface and configured to:
when the electronic device is connected to the ground-based network:
receive, via the interface, a communication initiated by the electronic device,
retrieve, using information in the communication, an identification of the electronic device from the home network of the subscriber, and
create an account for the subscriber, the account including the identification of the electronic device; and

after the account is created for the subscriber:
receive, via the interface, a connection request initiated by the electronic device while the electronic device is in communication with the non-ground-based network,
responsive to receiving the connection request, establish a secure communication channel with the electronic device, and
provide, via the interface, an update for the electronic device to the home network of the subscriber.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein when the electronic device is connected to the ground-based network, the registration server is further configured to:
examine a subscription identification indicated in the communication to identify the home network of the subscriber.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein when the electronic device is connected to the ground-based network, the registration server is further configured to:
provide the subscription identification to the home network of the subscriber, and
receive the identification of the electronic device from the home network.
12. The system of claim 9, wherein when the electronic device is connected to the ground-based network, the registration server is further configured to:
generate a digital certificate based on the identification of the electronic device, and
provide the digital certificate to the electronic device.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the connection request initiated by the electronic device includes the digital certificate, and wherein the registration server is further configured to:
validate the digital certificate, and
notify the electronic device that the digital certificate is valid.
14. The system of claim 9, wherein after the account is created for the subscriber, the registration server is further configured to:
request the electronic device to provide credentials for the subscriber,
receive the credentials for the subscriber, and
use the credentials to authorize the subscriber.
15. The system of claim 9, wherein the update for the electronic device is a location update that the registration server provides to the home network, and wherein the home network updates a location registry with the location update.
16. The system of claim 9, wherein after the account is created for the subscriber, the registration server is further configured to:
receive a session registration request initiated by the electronic device, the session registration request including a uniform resource indicator (URI) and a source address,
modify the source address to generate a care-of address (CoA) for the electronic device, and
associate the URI with the CoA.
17. A method in an electronic device of registering the electronic device of a subscriber, the method comprising:
facilitating a ground-based network registration comprising:
sending a communication indicating a subscription identification to a registration server, wherein the registration server uses the subscription identification to retrieve an identification of the electronic device from a home network of the subscriber, and
receiving, from the registration server, a notification that an account has been established for the subscriber using the identification of the electronic device; and

after facilitating the ground-based network registration, facilitating a non-terrestrial network-based registration comprising:
initiating a connection request to the registration server while the electronic device is in communication with a non-terrestrial network, and
responsive to initiating the connection request, establishing a secure communication channel with the registration server, wherein the registration server provides an update for the electronic device to the home network of the subscriber.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein facilitating the ground-based network registration further comprises:
receiving a digital certificate from the registration server, wherein the registration server generates the digital certificate based on the identification of the electronic device, and
storing the digital certificate.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the connection request includes the digital certificate, and wherein establishing the secure communication channel with the registration server comprises:
receiving a notification from the registration server that the digital certificate is valid.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein facilitating the non-terrestrial network-based registration further comprises:
connecting to an application server to retrieve a list of at least one connection service associated with cellular-based communication via the non-terrestrial network, and
receiving, from the subscriber, a selection of one of the at least one connection service.