Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
means for temporarily recording the coded image data from said image data coding means to a first-in first-out memory as a FIFO memory;
means for DMA-transferring data within the FIFO memory to said recording medium where DAM is direct memory access;
means for DMA-transferring the coded image data from the recording medium to the FIFO memory; and
means for reading data from the FIFO memory to image data decoding means.
2. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data within said FIFO memory are DMA-transferred for a period except for a vertical blanking period.
3. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein a capacity of said FIFO memory is set to a capacity integer times that of the image data coded for one field period or one frame period.
4. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 1, wherein an interruption signal relative to completion of the DMA-transfer by a predetermined number of data is outputted from said DMA-transfer means to control means for controlling operations of the respective means.
5. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
means for temporarily recording the coded sound data from said sound data coding means to a first-in first-out memory as a FIFO memory;
means for DMA-transferring data within the FIFO memory to said recording medium where DAM is direct memory access;
means for DMA-transferring the coded sound data from the recording medium to the FIFO memory; and
means for reading data from the FIFO memory to image data decoding means.
6. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 5, wherein the data within said FIFO memory are DMA-transferred for a vertical blanking period.
7. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 5, wherein a capacity of said FIFO memory is set to a capacity corresponding to the sound data coded for one field period or one frame period.
8. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 5, wherein an interruption signal relative to completion of the DMA-transfer by a predetermined number of data is outputted from said DMA-transfer means to control means for controlling operations of the respective means.
9. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal; and
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
the electronic still camera being constructed such that an address bus and a data bus of memory means used as a work area are respectively common to an address bus and a data bus of an interface with the recording medium.
10. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 9, wherein control signals can be simultaneously outputted by setting one bus to a bus for reading and the other bus to a bus for writing in control of said common address and data buses.
11. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal; and
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
the electronic still camera being constructed such that means for detecting an insertionextraction detecting signal of the recording medium, a busy signal of the recording medium, or a signal indicative of a reduction in voltage of a battery of the recording medium outputs an interruption signal relative to each of these signals to control means for controlling operations of the respective means.
12. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium; and
means for extending a pulse width of a memory control signal for DMA-transfer by an outputting period of a weight signal when this weight signal is outputted from the recording medium in a DMA-transfer state of data transmitted to the recording medium where DMA is direct memory access;
the extending means outputting the weight signal to control means for controlling operations of the respective means in a state in which no data are DMA-transferred.
13. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium; and
common reading and writing registers for getting access to a first-in first-out memory as a FIFO memory or a work memory seen from control means for controlling operations of the respective means;
these registers being arranged at continuous addresses.
14. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
transfer means for transferring 16 bit data to said recording medium by exchanging high and low order bytes of these 16 bit data with each other; and
control means for selecting whether this transfer means is used or not.
15. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
a register for storing address data outputted to said recording medium; and
control means for selecting whether registered contents of this register are incremented by the number of transferred data or not.
16. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
sound data coding means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
a register for controlling operations of plural power sources providing outputs to said recording medium; and
control means for setting registered contents of this register on the basis of a kind and a control mode of the recording medium.
17. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
means for storing file header information of the image data or the sound data to a memory in advance; and
direct memory transfer means;
said file header information being recorded to the recording medium.
18. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 17, wherein said file header information includes a Huffman table used at a coding time.
19. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 17, wherein the electronic still camera further comprises means for making a control information file in which information relative to an image file, a sound file or a character information file is recorded to said recording medium; and
a directory entry number is used in control of said control in formation file.
20. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal; and
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
an unused region of the recording medium being used as a work area for a file control work.
21. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 20, wherein empty cluster information corresponding to a capacity of the image and sound data to be recorded is stored to the work area for the file control work in the recording medium when a recording mode is set or a release switch is pushed.
22. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 21, wherein internal data of the recording medium are rearranged such that a continuous required cluster can be secured when no continuous cluster corresponding to a capacity of continuous image and sound data to be recorded can be secured.
23. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 22, wherein, when no internal data of the recording medium can be rearranged, such contents are alarmed.
24. An electronic still camera comprising:
means for reading coded image data from a recording medium;
image data decoding means for decoding the read image data;
means for reading coded sound data from the recording medium; and
means for decoding the read sound data;
the electronic still camera being constructed such that Huffman tables are searched with respect to all files designated in regeneration when a continuous image regenerating mode is set or a release switch is pushed; and
the electronic still camera gives an alarm in which no data can be regenerated in real time when no Huffman tables are equal to each other.
25. An electronic still camera comprising:
means for reading coded image data from a recording medium;
image data decoding means for decoding the read image data;
means for reading coded sound data from the recording medium; and
means for decoding the read sound data;
the electronic still camera being constructed such that Huffman tables are searched with respect to all files designated in regeneration when a continuous image regenerating mode is set or a release switch is pushed; and
a Huffman table of each of images developed prior to the regeneration is made within an unused region of the recording medium when no Huffman tables are equal to each other.
26. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium; and
means for selecting an image or sound format recorded to the recording medium.
27. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium; and
means for changing a pixel aspect ratio of the image data recorded to the recording medium.
28. An electronic still camera comprising:
photographing means for photographing a photographed object and outputting image data;
image data coding means for coding the image data;
means for recording the coded image data to a recording medium;
means for converting a sound to an electric signal;
means for coding sound data converted to the electric signal;
means for recording the coded sound data to the recording medium;
means for transferring incompressible image data to a recording medium interface section; and
means for generating a code showing image synchronization and inserting this code into the incompressible image data.
29. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 28, wherein the incompressible image data transfer means has means for inserting sound data compressed in a time axis direction into the incompressible image data for an image blanking period.
30. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 28, wherein the incompressible image data transfer means has means for generating and inserting a code showing a field number or a frame number of an image into the incompressible image data for an image blanking period.
31. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 28, wherein the incompressible image data transfer means has means for generating and inserting status information and control commands transmitted to a device connected to the recording medium interface into the incompressible image data for an image blanking period.
32. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 28, wherein a transmitted data bus width in the incompressible image data transfer means is constructed by 16 bits composed of 8 bits for a brightness signal and the remaining 8 bits for a subsampled color difference signal.
33. An electronic still camera as claimed in claim 28, wherein a transmitted data bus width in the incompressible image data transfer means is constructed by 16 bits composed of N bits for image data and the remaining bits for sound data where N is a positive integer.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A spray nozzle assembly for a line marker having a support arm extending along an axis, which comprises:
(a) a mounting bracket carried on the support arm;
(b) a spray nozzle carried on the mounting bracket with a tip of the spray nozzle facing downwardly towards a horizontal surface to spray marking material in a line on the horizontal surface as the line marker moves over the horizontal surface;
(c) a pair of side shields carried on the mounting bracket with the side shields being generally parallel to one another, arranged on opposite sides of the spray nozzle, and having lower edges arranged below the spray nozzle tip to help confine the marking material exiting from the spray nozzle tip; and
(d) wherein the spray nozzle is vertically adjustable on the mounting bracket to move the spray nozzle tip towards and away from the lower edges of the side shields.
2. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 1, wherein the mounting bracket is pivotally adjustable around an axis of the support arm to allow the mounting bracket to be held on the support arm in various pivotally adjusted positions relative to the support arm without affecting the orientation of the spray nozzle relative to the side shields.
3. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 2, wherein the mounting bracket has an aperture for receiving the support arm therethrough, the mounting bracket having a split end connected to the aperture such that the aperture will grip the support arm sufficiently tightly when the split end is compressed to fix the mounting bracket on the support arm and will grip the support arm sufficiently loosely when the split end is relaxed to permit the mounting bracket to be pivotably adjusted about the axis of the support arm.
4. The spray nozzle of claim 3, further including a clamp for selectively compressing the split end of the mounting bracket.
5. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 4, wherein the clamp comprises:
(a) a clamping plate carried on the split end of the mounting bracket; and
(b) a selectively movable tightening member carried on the mounting bracket for tightening or loosening the clamping plate on the mounting bracket to compress and relax, respectively, the split end of the mounting bracket on the support arm.
6. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 2, wherein the side shields are horizontally adjustable on the mounting bracket to move towards and away from each other.
7. A spray nozzle assembly for a line marker having a support arm extending along an axis, which comprises:
(a) a mounting bracket which extends along an axis that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the support arm;
(b) a first clamp for clamping the mounting bracket to the support arm in various pivotally adjusted positions around the axis of the support arm;
(c) a spray nozzle carried on the mounting bracket for spraying a marking material downwardly to form a line on a horizontal surface during movement of the line marker, the spray nozzle being located vertically beneath the support arm and being vertically adjustable relative to the mounting bracket;
(d) a second clamp for clamping the spray nozzle to the mounting bracket in various vertically adjusted positions on the mounting bracket;
(e) a pair of side shields carried on the mounting bracket adjacent opposite sides of the spray nozzle, the side shields being horizontally adjustable on the mounting bracket to move towards and away from each other; and
(f) at least one third clamp for clamping the side shields to the mounting bracket in various horizontally adjusted positions on the mounting bracket.
8. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 7, wherein a single third clamps acts on the side shields and clamps both side shields to the mounting bracket.
9. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 8, wherein the first clamp and the third clamp comprise different portions of a single clamping plate with one portion of the clamping plate acting on both side shields to clamp the side shields to the mounting bracket and another portion of the clamping plate acting on the mounting bracket to clamp the mounting bracket to the support arm when the clamping late is tightened against the mounting bracket.
10. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 7, wherein the first clamp for the mounting bracket and the at least one third clamp for the side shields can be tightened and relaxed from above the mounting bracket.
11. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 10, wherein the second clamp for the spray nozzle can be tightened and relaxed from one side of the mounting bracket.
12. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 7, wherein the spray nozzle is carried on the lower end of a mounting arm that is vertically movable up and down on the mounting bracket to vertically adjust the spray nozzle, and wherein the second clamp for the spray nozzle comprises a rotatable threaded member that selectively presses the mounting arm against the mounting bracket to hold the mounting arm in a vertically adjusted position on the mounting bracket.
13. A spray nozzle assembly for a line marker, which comprises:
(a) a substantially U-shaped mounting bracket having a pair of spaced vertical side walls and an end wall;
(b) a spray nozzle carried on the mounting bracket with a tip of the spray nozzle facing downwardly towards a horizontal surface to spray marking material in a line on the horizontal surface as the line marker moves over the horizontal surface; and
(c) a pair of side shields with one side shield being outboard of one side wall of the mounting bracket and the other side shield being disposed on the opposite side of the mounting bracket outboard of the other side wall of the mounting bracket, each side shield having a slide that points inwardly towards the side wall that the side shield lies outboard of with the slide being adjustably received in a slideway provided therefor between the side walls of the mounting bracket to allow each side shield to be adjusted horizontally towards and away from the side wall that the side shield lies outboard of; and
(d) at least one first clamp to clamp the slides of the side shields in place in their respective slideways to hold the side shields in horizontally adjusted positions on the mounting bracket.
14. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 13, wherein the at least one first clamp comprises a single clamping plate that acts on the slides of both side shields to hold both side shields in horizontally adjusted positions.
15. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 13, wherein the at least one first clamp comprises a clamping plate that is received between the side walls of the mounting bracket and that is selectively movable towards the end wall to clamp the side shields in place.
16. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 13, wherein the slideway for each slide is formed by a pair of aligned apertures in the side walls of the bracket with one pair of aligned apertures being provided for receiving each slide of each side shield.
17. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 13, wherein each side wall includes an aperture for allowing the mounting bracket to be slid onto one end of a support arm with the support arm passing through the apertures in the side walls, wherein each side wall includes a split end leading to the aperture therein such that the split ends of the side walls can be compressed to allow the apertures to tightly grip the support arm.
18. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 17, further including a second clamp bearing against edges of the side walls underlying the split ends of the side walls such that tightening of the second clamp compresses the split ends of the side walls to clamp the apertures in the side walls of the mounting bracket around the support arm.
19. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 18, wherein a single first clamp acts on the slides of the side shields to clamp both side shields to the mounting bracket, and wherein the second clamp that bears against the lower edges of the side walls of the mounting bracket and the single first clamp that clamps the slides of the side shields are formed by a wider section and a narrower tongue, respectively, of a single clamping plate.
20. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 17, wherein the apertures in the side walls are circular and the support arm is cylindrical to allow the mounting bracket to be pivotally adjusted on the support arm when the split ends in the side walls of the mounting bracket are relaxed.
21. The spray nozzle assembly of claim 1, wherein the side shields are horizontally adjustable on the mounting bracket to move towards and away from each other.

1. Fastening plate (1) for fastening a component (2) on a printed circuit board (3),
having means arranged at printed circuit board fastening points for rigid fastening of the printed circuit board (3) to be arranged at one side of the fastening plate (1) and
having means arranged at component fastening points for rigid fastening of the component (2) to be arranged at one side of the printed circuit board (3) sic,
said fastening plate (1) comprising an incision (4) that parts the direct connection between a printed circuit board fastening point and a neighboring component fastening point.
2. Fastening plate according to claim 1, whereby the means for rigid fastening of the printed circuit board (3) are pins (5) projecting from the plane of the printed circuit board.
3. Fastening plate according to claim 1 or 2, whereby the means for rigid fastening of the component (2) are weld surfaces (6) suitable for welding a metal on.
4. Fastening plate according to according to claim 1 through 3 that is electrically conductive.
5. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 4 that is composed of metal.
6. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 5 that is spring-elastic.
7. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 6 wherein the incision (4) proceeds from the edge of the fastening plate (1).
8. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 7, whereby the incision (4) proceeds in the direction toward the center of gravity (7) of the fastening plate (1).
9. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 8, whereby the incision (4) forms a planar recess (80 in the fastening plate (1).
10. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 9, whereby the incision (4) is free of corners.
11. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 10 that comprises the shape of a circular disk.
12. Fastening plate according to claim 11 that comprises a center hole (9).
13. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 12 that comprises a plurality of incisions (4) that part all direct connections between a printed circuit board fastening point and a component fastening point.
14. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 13 that comprises a damping element (10) for mechanical oscillations at that side at which the component (2) is to be arranged.
15. Fastening plate according to claim 1 through 14, that comprises a damping element (10) for mechanical oscillations at that side at which the printed circuit board (3) is to be arranged.
16. Fastening arrangement having a fastening plate (1) according to one of the claims 1 through 15, having a component (2) and having a printed circuit board (3),
whereby the printed circuit board (3) is arranged at one side of the fastening plate (1) and is rigidly connected to the fastening plate (10 at printed circuit board fastening points;
whereby the component (2) is arranged at one side of the fastening plate (1) and is rigidly connected to the fastening plate (1) at fastening plate fastening points; and
whereby the fastening plate (1) comprises an incision (4) that parts the direct connection between a printed circuit board fastening point and a neighboring component fastening point.
17. Fastening arrangement according to claim 16, whereby the fastening plate (1) presses a damping element (10) for mechanical oscillations onto the printed circuit board (3).
18. Fastening arrangement according to claim 16 or 17, whereby the component (2) presses a damping element (10) for mechanical oscillations onto the fastening plate (1).
19. Fastening arrangement according to claim 16 through 18, whereby the component (2) comprises a metal housing (11) that is welded to the fastening plate (1); and whereby the fastening plate (1) is soldered to the printed circuit board (3) by means of pins (5).
20. Fastening arrangement according to claim 19, whereby the component (2) comprises a contact pin (12) that projects through a center hole (9) in the fastening plate (1) and is soldered to the printed circuit board (3).
21. Employment of the fastening plate according to claim 1 through 15 for fastening a capacitors on a circuit board (3) that is provided for installation in the immediate proximity of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A geosynthetic tufted drain barrier (GTDB) for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability, comprising:
a) a single, substantially impermeable continuous layer having a plurality of tufted tensile elements integral thereto, at least a portion of said plurality of tufted tensile elements having a predetermined length and gauge spacing co-dependent on the thickness and gradation of filler material, thickness of GTDB, angle and length of slope on which said GTDB is disposed, and amount of liquid in-plane flow;
b) a membrane having at least one of the group of attachment stated: liquid applied onto, laminated, and integrated with, said substantially impermeable continuous layer; and
c) filler material proximate said plurality of tufted tensile elements and partially constrained thereby, said filler material for facilitating draining and being selected from the group: sand, stone, gravel, rubber, boiler slag, asphalt, recycled concrete, recycled rubber tires, recycled glass, and expansive minerals.
2. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein the permeability of said membrane is no greater than 10\u22124 cmsec.
3. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 2, wherein said membrane is at least 5 mils (0.13 mm) thick and comprises at least one of the group: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane, PVC, rubber, asphalt, bitumen, synthetic, polymeric and mineral sealant or impermeable barrier.
4. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of fluids of claim 2, wherein said membrane has a horizontal permeability of at least 10\u22124 cmsec.
5. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein said substantially impermeable layer is chosen from the group: woven, non-woven, knitted geogrids, plastic geogrids, piped geosynthetics, and other synthetics.
6. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 5, wherein the tensile strength of said substantially impermeable layer is at least 5 lbslineal ft (3.0 kglineal m) in either the machine or cross machine direction and a tuft bind force of at least approximately 1 lb (0.5 kg).
7. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 5, wherein said plurality of tufted tensile elements of said substantially impermeable layer has a density of at least 25 tufted tensile elements per square foot (30 square cm).
8. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 7, wherein said tufted tensile elements are formed from said substantially impermeable layer in rows and are disposed at a density of at least four rows per foot (30 cm).
9. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 8, wherein said tufted tensile elements are produced in rows of at least one of the group of configurations: parallel to the machine direction of the roll and perpendicular to the machine direction thereof, adjacent rows being at least one of the group: aligned with one another and offset with one another.
10. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 9, wherein spacing between said rows of tufted tensile elements is filled with at least one element from the group: sand, stone, recycled concrete, recycled glass, rubber, other natural materials, and other synthetic materials with permeability no less than 10\u22126 cmsec and a thickness of between approximately \u215b\u2033 (0.32 cm) and 6\u2033 (15 cm).
11. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein said expansive materials comprise at least one of the group: volclays, kaolinite, bentonite, and bentonite derivatives.
12. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, further comprising:
d) substantially impermeable seams for connecting adjacent panels of said GTDB to one another to achieve a permeability of no more than 10\u22124 cmsec.
13. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 12, wherein said substantially impermeable seams are constructed by at least one of the group: sewing, welding, taping, bonding, and sealing with synthetic or mineral materials to achieve a permeability of no greater than 10\u22124 sec.
14. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein the height of said tufted tensile elements is selected to increase storage capacity of surface liquids and as a function of slope length.
15. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein the impermeable barrier is proximate a polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or polymeric core element comprising a geosynthetic element having a plurality of porous media constructed and arranged to form a plurality of interconnected transmission paths.
16. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein the tufted tensile elements and infill form a composite system and resist loss of infill to achieve no more than 750 tonsperacreyear of infill from erosive forces.
17. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein said tufted tensile elements further comprise an upper surface chosen from the group: gabion mesh, reno mattress mesh, metal fence, plastic grid, woven geotextile, non-woven geotextile, and other tensile mattress.
18. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 1, wherein said drainage further comprises the minimization of the erosive forces utilizing said impermeable layer, said tensile elements, and said infill to restrain drainage to said upper surface of said substantially impermeable continuous layer.
19. A geosynthetic tufted drain barrier (GTDB) for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability, comprising:
a) a single, substantially impermeable continuous layer having an upper surface and a lower surface having a plurality of tufted tensile elements integral thereto, at least a portion of said plurality of tufted tensile elements having a predetermined length and gauge spacing dependent on the thickness and gradation of filler material, thickness of GTDB, angle and length of slope on which said GTDB is disposed, and amount of liquid in-plane flow;
b) a logo, letter, or symbol disposed on said upper surface of said substantially impermeable continuous layer; and
c) filler material proximate said plurality of tufted tensile elements and partially constrained thereby, said filler material for facilitating draining and being selected from the group: sand, stone, gravel, rubber, boiler slag, asphalt, recycled concrete, recycled rubber tires, recycled glass, and expansive minerals.
20. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 19, wherein said logo, letter, or symbols is created by at least one of the group: seaming, welding, sewing, painting, and connecting.
21. The GTDB for preventing vertical migration of gases and fluids, constraining soil particles, providing drainage, and retaining granular materials with predefined permeability of claim 19, wherein said tufted tensile elements further comprise an upper surface chosen from the group: gabion mesh, reno mattress mesh, metal fence, plastic grid, woven geotextile, non-woven geotextile, and other tensile mattress.