Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. The binding of books being the binding of folded sheets of paper in signatures and further binding of the signatures into book form by:
(a) a signature comb having a back or spine and at least two or more teeth attached to or integral to the spine back, at right angles to the spine and oriented in the same plane; further each tooth of the signature comb having at least one tab at a right angle to the tooth, parallel and planar to the back or spine of the signature comb; where the teeth and corresponding tabs are inserted through correspondingly spaced and sized perforations in the fold of the signature sheets, securing the folded sheets of the signature together, and
(b) a spine comprised of two or more tapes forming one or more slots transverse to the spine of the book of a width sufficient to accept the teeth of the signature comb in (a) thus securing the signature sheets to the spine of the book by capturing the tabs of each signature comb tooth between and over the back of the tapes and said tapes having teeth in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tape which are inserted into the pawl slot of a hinge element having a rasp element which locks onto the teeth of the tape preventing the tape from being withdrawn while allowing a progressive insertion of the tape or tapes through the pawl slot thereby securing together two or more signatures between the hinge elements of the book.
2. A device as in claim (1) (b) where the spine is comprised of two or more spine tapes forming one or more slots transverse to the spine of the book; said tapes having teeth in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tapes which are inserted into the pawl slot of a hinge element, the rasp element of the pawl slot which locks onto the teeth of the spine tapes, preventing the spine tapes from being withdrawn while allowing a progressive insertion of the spine tapes through the pawl slot in the hinge, where the hinge element is part of a cover for the book.
3. A device as in claim (1) (b) where the spine is comprised of two or more spine tapes forming one or more slots transverse to the spine of the book; said tapes having teeth in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tapes which are inserted into the pawl slot of a hinge element, the rasp of the pawl slot which locks onto the teeth of the spine tapes, preventing the spine tapes from being withdrawn while allowing a progressive insertion of the spine tapes through the pawl slot in the hinge, where the hinge element is tabbed to fit into the slot of a detachable cover material.
4. A method for the printing and binding of books comprised of signature combs and spine tapes as in claim (1), paper which is pre-scored and pre-perforated to the spacing of the signature comb teeth for printing the text of the book into signatures, and a computer software program that properly imposes digital text into a page layout allowing for proper numerical order of the pages in the finished signatures and in the finished and bound book.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising:
a de-interlacer circuit configured to generate a first progressive signal having a first rate in response to an interlaced signal;
a converter circuit configured to generate a second progressive signal having a second rate in response to said first progressive signal by filtering one progressive frame out of each of a fixed number of frames of said first progressive signal; and
a zoom circuit configured to generate an output video signal in response to said second progressive signal, wherein said output video signal represents a portion of said second progressive signal having a frame size equal to a frame size of said interlaced signal.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said zoom circuit comprises (i) a horizontal zoom and (ii) a vertical zoom, wherein said horizontal and vertical zoom are implemented in series on said second progressive signal.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said vertical zoom comprises a frame filtering vertical zoom.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an interlacing circuit configured to generate said output video signal having an interlaced pattern.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first rate comprises 60 Hz and said second rate comprises 50 Hz.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first progressive signal has a first image size and said second progressive signal has a second image size, wherein said first and second image sizes are different sizes.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein (i) said first image size comprises a first horizontal size and a first vertical size and (ii) said second image size comprises a second vertical size and a second horizontal size.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said zoom circuit operates during recording of said interlaced signal.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said zoom circuit operates during playback of said output video signal.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said interlaced signal presents a first interlaced field and a second interlaced field every 130 of a second.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first progressive signal comprises frames presented every 160 of a second.
12. A method for implementing a zoom in a digital video signal comprising the steps of:
(A) converting an interlaced video signal to a first progressive video signal having a first rate;
(B) generating a second progressive signal having a second rate in response to said first video signal by filtering one progressive frame out of each of a fixed number of frames of said first progressive signal; and
(C) generating an output video signal in response to said second video signal, wherein said output video signal represents a portion of said second video signal having a frame size equal to a frame size of said interlaced signal.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein step (C) comprises (i) a horizontal zoom and (ii) a vertical zoom, wherein said horizontal and vertical zoom are implemented in series on said second progressive signal.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein said first rate comprises 60 Hz and said second rate comprises 50 Hz.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein said first progressive signal has a first image size and said second progressive signal has a second image size, wherein said first and second image sizes are different sizes.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein (i) said first image size comprises a first horizontal size and a first vertical size and (ii) said second image size comprises a second vertical size and a second horizontal size.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said converter circuit is configured to filter said first progressive signal by dropping one progressive frame out of each of said fixed number of frames of said first progressive signal.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said converter circuit is configured to filter said first progressive signal by dropping one progressive frame out of every six input frames.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said converter circuit comprises a rate converter circuit.

1. A method in an encoder of encoding multimedia frames in a bitstream, comprising:
encoding one or more removable temporal scaling multimedia frames in the bitstream by unidirectionally backward predicting all of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames in the bitstream with respect to a display order;
encoding the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with overhead data for identification of a multimedia frame by a decoder as a removable temporal scaling multimedia frame, wherein the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames are encoded so as to be removable by the decoder based on the overhead data in order to temporally scale a data rate of the bitstream; and
encoding all of the multimedia frames including the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames into the bitstream without using any of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames to predict the multimedia frames,
wherein the method is performed by one or more processors of the encoder.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
encoding at least one of the other multimedia frames as an intra-coded frame, which is not predicted from another frame.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
encoding at least one of the other multimedia frames as a predicted frame, wherein the predicted frame is predicted from at least one intra-coded or predicted frame.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein, the encoding of the predicted frame comprises forward predicting the predicted frame.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
transmitting the encoded frames over a network.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving the transmitted frames; and
decoding the received frames.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving the transmitted frames;
decoding the received intra-coded frame and the received predicted frame, while omitting the received removable temporal scaling multimedia frames.
8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving the transmitted frames; and
identifying each of the received removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with an a priori identifier.
9. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
transmitting the encoded intra-coded frame and the encoded predicted frame over a network, while omitting the encoded removable temporal scaling multimedia frames from the transmission.
10. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
encoding the predicted frame with motion vector and residual error data; and
encoding the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with motion vector and residual error data.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the encoded frames in memory.
12. An electronic device for encoding multimedia frames in a bitstream, the electronic device configured to:
encode one or more removable temporal scaling multimedia frames in the bitstream by unidirectionally backward predicting all of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames in the bitstream with respect to a display order,
encode the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with overhead data for identification of a multimedia frame by a decoder as a removable temporal scaling multimedia frame, wherein the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames are encoded so as to be removable by the decoder based on the overhead data in order to temporally scale a data rate of the bitstream, and
encode all of the multimedia frames including the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames into the bitstream without using any of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames to predict the multimedia frames.
13. The electronic device of claim 12, further configured to encode at least one of the other multimedia frames as an intra-coded frame, which is not predicted from another frame.
14. The electronic device of claim 13, further configured to encode at least one of the other multimedia frames as a predicted frame, wherein the predicted frame is predicted from at least one intra-coded or predicted frame.
15. The electronic device of claim 14, further configured to encode the predicted frame by use of forward prediction.
16. The electronic device of claim 14, further configured to transmit the encoded frames over a network.
17. The electronic device of claim 14, further configured to transmit the encoded intra-coded frame and the encoded predicted frame over a network, and to omit the encoded removable temporal scaling multimedia frames from the transmission.
18. The electronic device of claim 14, further configured to encode the predicted frame with motion vector and residual error data, and to encode the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with motion vector and residual error data.
19. The electronic device of claim 12, further configured to store the encoded frames in memory.
20. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions for causing a computer to execute a method of encoding multimedia frames according to the method of claim 1.
21. A method in a decoder of decoding multimedia frames, comprising:
receiving encoded frame data including one or more removable temporal multimedia frames in a bitstream and other multimedia frames in the bitstream, wherein all of the removable temporal multimedia frames in the bitstream are unidirectionally backward predicted with respect to a display order, wherein the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames are encoded with overhead data for identification of a multimedia frame as a removable temporal scaling multimedia frame, wherein the multimedia frames including the removable temporal multimedia frames are encoded without using any of the removal temporal scaling multimedia frames to predict the multimedia frames, and wherein the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames are encoded so as to be removable in order to temporally scale a data rate of the bitstream;
identifying at least one of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames that is unidirectionally predicted based on the overhead data; and
decoding the received encoded frame data so as to omit at least one of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames from being decoded,
wherein the method is performed by one or more processors of the decoder.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving with the encoded frame data at least one intra-coded frame, which is not predicted from another frame; and
decoding the intra-coded frame.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
receiving with the encoded frame data at least one predicted frame, wherein the predicted frame is predicted from at least one encoded frame; and
decoding the predicted frame.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
receiving one of the predicted frames that is forward predicted.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of receiving comprises receiving over a wireless network.
26. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
identifying each of the received removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with an a priori identifier.
27. An electronic device for decoding multimedia frames, the electronic device configured to:
receive encoded frame data in a bitstream including one or more removable temporal multimedia frames, wherein all of the removable temporal multimedia frames are unidirectionally backward predicted with respect to display order and other multimedia frames in a bitstream, wherein the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames are encoded with overhead data for identification of a multimedia frame as a removable temporal scaling multimedia frame, wherein the multimedia frames including the removable temporal multimedia frames are encoded without using any of the removal temporal scaling multimedia frames to predict the multimedia frames, and wherein the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames are encoded so as to be removable in order to temporally scale a data rate of the bitstream;
identify at least one of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames that is unidirectionally predicted based on the overhead data; and
decode the received encoded frame data so as to omit at least one of the removable temporal scaling multimedia frames from being decoded.
28. The electronic device of claim 27, further configured to receive with the encoded frame data at least one intra-coded frame, which is not predicted from another frame, and to decode the intra-coded frame.
29. The electronic device of claim 28, further configured to receive with the encoded frame data at least one predicted frame, wherein the predicted frame is predicted from at least one encoded frame, and to decode the predicted frame.
30. The electronic device of claim 29, further configured to receive one of the predicted frames that is forward predicted.
31. The electronic device of claim 29, further configured to identify each of the received removable temporal scaling multimedia frames with an a priori identifier.
32. The electronic device of claim 27, further configured to receive the encoded frame data over a wireless network.
33. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions for causing a computer to execute a method of decoding multimedia frames according to claim 21.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1-20. (canceled)
21. A recording method for recording data on a recording medium having a first area and a second area, said recording method comprising the steps of:
providing the recording medium; and
recording data to be recorded in the second area by a block unit of a second correction block,
wherein said second correction block includes a synchronization signal, the data to be recorded in the second area, a subcode for detecting burst error of the data to be recorded in the second area, said second correction block is smaller than a first correction block in the first area.
22. The recording method as claimed in claim 21, wherein
said first area is a data area; and
said second area is a management area.
23. The recording method as claimed in claim 21, wherein said second correction block includes the synchronization signal in its beginning column.
24. The recording method as claimed in claim 21, wherein said second correction block consists of 248 rows.
25. The recording method as claimed in claim 24, wherein data to be recorded in the second area is generated by adding 32 correction codes to 216 data.