Author: claimsbot

1. A nonaqueous electrolyte battery, comprising:
a case;
a positive electrode provided in the case;
a negative electrode provided in the case and comprising a lithium-titanium composite oxide comprising Na and K, wherein an amount of K is larger than an amount of Na; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte provided in the case.
2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein a sum of the amount of Na and the amount of K is from 0.10% by weight to 3.04% by weight of the lithium-titanium composite oxide.
3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium-titanium composite oxide comprises a crystallite diameter not larger than 6.9\xd7102 \u212b, and in a X-ray diffractometry curve of the lithium-titanium composite oxide, none of a main peak intensity of a rutile type TiO2, a main peak intensity of an anatase type TiO2 and a main peak intensity of Li2TiO3 is larger than 7 when a main peak intensity of a lithium titanate having a spinel structure is set at 100.
4. The battery according to claim 3, wherein the crystallite diameter of the lithium-titanium composite oxide is not smaller than 1.5\xd7102 \u212b.
5. The battery according to claim 3, wherein the crystallite diameter of the lithium-titanium composite oxide is not smaller than 2.6\xd7102 \u212b.
6. The battery according to claim 3, wherein none of the main peak intensity of the rutile type TiO2, the main peak intensity of the anatase type TiO2 and the main peak intensity of Li2TiO3 is larger than 3.
7. The battery according to claim 3, wherein K and Na are positioned in a Li site of lithium titanate.
8. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte comprises at least two kinds of solvents selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and \u03b3-butyrolactone.
9. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte comprises \u03b3-butyrolactone.
10. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte comprises at least three kinds of solvents selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, y-butyrolactone, and vinylene carbonate.
11. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises a compound represented by LiaNibCocMndO2, where 0\u2266a\u22661.1, 0.1\u2266b\u22660.5, 0\u2266c\u22660.9 and 0.1\u2266d\u22660.5.
12. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium-titanium composite oxide comprises particles having an average particle diameter not larger than 1 \u03bcm.
13. A battery pack comprising nonaqueous electrolyte batteries,
each of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries comprising:
a case;
a positive electrode provided in the case;
a negative electrode provided in the case comprising a lithium-titanium composite oxide comprising Na and K, wherein an amount of K is larger than an amount of Na; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte provided in the case.
14. The battery pack according to claim 13, further comprising a protective circuit which detects a voltage of each of the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries.
15. A vehicle comprising a battery pack defined in claim 13.
16. A lithium-titanium composite oxide comprising Na and K, and an amount of K is larger than an amount of Na.
17. The lithium-titanium composite oxide according to claim 16, wherein a sum of the amount of Na and the amount of K falls within a range of 0.10% by weight to 3.04% by weight.
18. The lithium-titanium composite oxide according to claim 16, which comprises particles having an average particle diameter not larger than 1 \u03bcm.
19. The lithium-titanium composite oxide according to claim 16, which comprises a crystallite diameter not larger than 6.9\xd7102 \u212b, and in a X-ray diffractometry curve of the lithium-titanium composite oxide, none of a main peak intensity of a rutile type TiO2, a main peak intensity of an anatase type TiO2 and a main peak intensity of Li2TiO3 is larger than 7 when a main peak intensity of a lithium titanate having a spinel structure is set at 100.
20. The lithium-titanium composite oxide according to claim 19, wherein K and Na are positioned in a Li site of lithium titanate.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A self-propelled road milling machine including a milling drum housing mounted on the chassis of the machine, said milling drum housing including a side comprising a power take-off able to transmit the rotational motion from an engine, inside said milling drum housing being alternatively mountable a series of milling drums each of which being made of a single piece including cutting tools on its external surface, said milling machine comprising one milling drum of said series being mounted in an axially sliding way from the side opposed with respect to the side of said power take-off in order to allow the replacement of said milling drum, said milling drum comprising fastening elements radially protruding from an internal surface of the milling drum, the rotation of said milling drum being realized by means of a reduction gear, said reduction gear being mounted at the end of a hollow spacer placed between said reduction gear and said side including the power take-off, in said hollow spacer being present the transmission shaft transmitting the rotatory motion from said power take-off to said reduction gear, said reduction gear being supported on the side opposed with respect to the side of said power take-off by a support wherein said hollow spacer rigidly connects the wall of the milling drum housing corresponding to the side of said power take-off to a support flange of said reduction gear, said reduction gear being connected to a spacer on the side opposed with respect to the side of said power take-off and said spacer engaging with a rotatable flange of said reduction gear, said spacer being connected to said fastening elements of said milling drum and with said support on the wall of said milling drum housing opposed with respect to said power take-off side, said support including bearings, all being coordinated and structured in such a way that said support flange and said hollow spacer are static with respect to the rotary movement of said milling drum.
2. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 further comprising support means of said milling drum able to support said milling drum from the side of said power take-off, said support means including a static part with respect to the rotary movement of said milling drum and a rotatable part integral with said milling drum once the drum is mounted, between said two parts being interposed a bearing, said static part being fixed on said hollow spacer.
3. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 2 wherein said static part of said support means of said milling drum able to support said milling drum from the side of said power take-off include a ring fixed to said hollow spacer by a self-centering clamping.
4. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 2 wherein said support means of said milling drum able to support said milling drum from the side of said power take-off are positionable in different points of the external surface of said hollow spacer, said positioning happening with a sliding of said means along said external surface of said hollow spacer, said support means of said milling drum including suitable means to lock said sliding.
5. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein said series of milling drums includes independent alternatively mountable milling drums made of a single piece having different overall width.
6. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein said support including bearings and supporting said reduction gear on the side opposed with respect to the side of said power take-off is sliding in a bushing longitudinally with respect to the axis the of said milling drum.
7. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the wall of said drum milling housing on the opposed side with respect to the side of said power take-off is hinged according to a vertical axis.
8. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 further comprising segmented shells able to be mounted on the radially external surface of the portion of said hollow spacer between the end of said milling drum corresponding to the side of said power take-off and between the wall of said milling drum housing on which said power take-off is present, the reciprocal connection of each segment with the radially adjacent segments forming a cylindrical cavity with a diameter corresponding to the major diameter of said hollow spacer.
9. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 8 wherein said segmented shells are couples of shells.
10. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 8 wherein said segmented shells are thirds of shell.
11. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein said milling drum housing is provided with a vertically movable rear mouldboard, said mouldboard being provided with scraper tools in the lower edge.
12. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 11 wherein said rear mouldboard is hinged on an horizontal axis.
13. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 11 wherein said rear mouldboard includes means able to maintain said rear mouldboard in contact with the surface milled with forced or floating action.
14. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein said milling drum housing is provided with side movable plates including means able to maintain said side movable plates in contact with the surface milled with forced or floating action.
15. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 further comprising at least one conveyor belt able to transport the material milled by said milling drum to suitable means for the collection of the milled material, said conveyor belt receiving the milled material flowing from an opening of said milling drum housing.
16. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 15, further comprising a collecting conveyor belt receiving the milled material flowing from said opening of said milling drum housing and a loading conveyor belt able to transport the milled material to said suitable means for the collection of the milled material.
17. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 16 wherein the part of said collecting belt close to said milling drum housing is supported by means maintained in contact with the surface to mill.
18. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the discharge of the milled material occurs frontally with respect to the advancing direction of the machine.
19. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the discharge of the milled material occurs rearwardly with respect to the advancing direction of the machine.
20. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein said hollow spacer is made of stainless steel.
21. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the radially external surface of said hollow spacer is superficially treated by means of plating.
22. The self-propelled road milling machine according to claim 1 wherein the radially external surface of said hollow spacer is superficially treated by means of chrome coating.

1. A pre-charge voltage supply circuit of a semiconductor device comprising:
a first switch that supplies a pre-charge voltage in response to a first signal having a predetermined voltage level, and has a turn-on resistance of a predetermined level; and
a second switch which is connected in parallel to the first switch, supplies the pre-charge voltage in response to a second signal, and has a turn-on resistance lower than the turn-on resistance of the first switch;
a switching controller that receives a third signal enabled in response to an active command and disabled in response to a pre-charge command, and outputs the third signal, as the second signal, after delaying the third signal for the first predetermined period; and
a third switch and a fourth switch, which are turned on in a pre-charge mode and a standby mode, to supply the pre-charge voltage to a bit line and a complementary bit line, wherein the third switch and the fourth switch operate in response to a fourth signal disabled during an active mode, to isolate the bit line and the complementary bit line from each other during the active mode.
2. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switch and the second switch are commonly connected to a pre-charge voltage supply node, and supply the pre-charge voltage to a bit line and a complementary bit line.
3. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second switch is turned on at the point of time not later than the point of time when a pre-charge mode is initiated, and is turned off following a first predetermined period from the turn-on of the second switch.
4. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 3, wherein the third signal is a bank active signal.
5. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 3, wherein the second switch is an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor which operates in response to the second signal.
6. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 1. wherein the second switch is turned on following a first predetermined period from an initiation of an active mode, and is turned off when a second predetermined period elapses from an initiation of a pre-charge mode.
7. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is maintained in an ON state irrespective of an operation mode of the semiconductor device.
8. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 7, wherein the first switch is an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor which operates in response to the first signal, the first signal having a high voltage level.
9. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is turned on when the semiconductor device is in a pre-charge mode or in a standby mode.
10. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 9, wherein the first switch is an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor which operates in response to the first signal, the first signal having a high voltage level.
11. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the first switch is maintained in an ON state irrespective of an operation mode of the semiconductor device, and
the second switch is turned on at the point of time not later than the point of time when a pre-charge mode is initiated, and is turned off when a first predetermined period elapses from the turn-on of the second switch.
12. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 11, wherein the second signal is a signal obtained by delaying, for the first predetermined period, a third signal enabled in response to an active command and disabled in response to a pre-charge command.
13. The pre-charge voltage supply circuit according to claim 12, wherein the third signal is a bank active signal.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method comprising:
configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured to establish a tunnel between a local interworking function and a remote interworking function;
encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the local interworking function into a plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES, wherein the plurality of IP packets includes a first IP packet having a variable length; and
transporting the IP packets from the local interworking function to the remote interworking function according to the CES;
wherein configuring the CES comprises exchanging a plurality of CES control protocol (CESCP) information between the local interworking function and the remote interworking function; and
wherein the plurality CESCP information comprises at least one of a circuit identification and an internet protocol address for the local and remote interworking functions, alarm indication signal options, idle condition options, a clock option, a check sum option, a minimum and a maximum circuit size, a multiple circuits option, a maximum transition delay, a maximum delay variation, a compression option, and an encryption option.
2. A method comprising:
configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured to establish a tunnel between a local interworking function and a remote interworking function;
encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the local interworking function into a plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES, wherein the plurality of IP packets includes a first IP packet having a variable length; and
transporting the IP packets from the local interworking function to the remote interworking function according to the CES;
wherein encapsulating the data comprises attaching a CES header to each IP packet; and
wherein the CES header comprises a version number for compatibility between the local interworking function and the remote interworking function.
3. A method comprising:
configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured to establish a tunnel between a local interworking function and a remote interworking function;
encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the local interworking function into a plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES, wherein the plurality of IP packets includes a first IP packet having a variable length;
transporting the IP packets from the local interworking function to the remote interworking function according to the CES
buffering the plurality of IP rackets received from the remote interworking function for at least as long as a maximum delay variation; and
outputting payloads of the plurality of received IP packets at the constant bit rate;
wherein the maximum delay variation comprises delay due to out-of-order IP packet delivery.
4. A method comprising:
configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured to establish a tunnel between a local interworking function and a remote interworking function;
encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the local interworking function into a plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES, wherein the plurality of IP packets includes a first IP packet having a variable length and each IP packet further comprises at least one circuit, each circuit comprising at least one circuit header; and
transporting the IP packets from the local interworking function to the remote interworking function according to the CES,
wherein the at least one circuit header comprises at least one of a circuit identification, a flag field, a sequence number, a first octet padding value, a last octet padding value, and a data field, and
wherein the flag field comprises at least one of a compression flag, an idle flag, an alarm indication signal flag, and a clocking information flag.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the clocking information flag comprises a synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS) value.
6. A method comprising:
configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured to establish a tunnel between a local interworking function and a remote interworking function;
encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the local interworking function into a plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES, wherein the plurality of IP packets includes a first IP packet having a variable length and each IP packet further comprises at least one circuit, each circuit comprising at least one circuit header; and
transporting the IP rackets from the local interworking function to the remote interworking function according to the CES.
wherein the at least one circuit header comprises at least one of a circuit identification, a flag field, a sequence number, a first octet padding value, a last octet padding value, and a data field, and
wherein the sequence number indicates a starting position of a first bit of data in a corresponding circuit with respect to a reference point in a corresponding bit stream.
7. A method, comprising:
configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured between a first interworking function to a second interworking function;
encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the first interworking function into a first plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES;
encapsulating data received at the constant bit rate at the second interworking function into a second plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES;
transporting the first plurality of IP packets from the first interworking function to the second interworking function according to the CES;
transporting the second plurality of IP packets from the second interworking function to the first interworking function according to the CES;
buffering the second plurality of IP packets at the first interworking function for at least as long as a maximum delay variation, said maximum delay variation comprising delay due to out-of-order IP packet delivery;
outputting payloads of the second plurality of IP packets at the constant bit rate; buffering the first plurality of IP packets at the second interworking function for at least as long as the maximum delay variation; and
outputting payloads of the first plurality of IP packets at the constant bit rate.
8. An apparatus, comprising:
means for configuring a circuit emulation service (CES) over an internet protocol (IP) network based on properties of the IP network, the CES being configured between a first interworking function to a second interworking function;
means for encapsulating data received at a constant bit rate at the first interworking function into a first plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES;
means for encapsulating data received at the constant bit rate at the second interworking function into a second plurality of IP packets configured according to the CES;
means for transporting the first plurality of IP packets from the first interworking function to the second interworking function according to the CES;
means for transporting the second plurality of IP packets from the second interworking function to the first interworking function according to the CES;
means for buffering the second plurality of IP packets at the first interworking function for at least as long as a maximum delay variation, said maximum delay variation comprising delay due to out-of-order IP packet delivery;
means for outputting payloads of the second plurality of IP packets at the constant bit rate;
means for buffering the first plurality of IP packets at the second interworking function for at least as long as the maximum delay variation; and
means for outputting payloads of the first plurality of IP packets at the constant bit rate.