Author: claimsbot

1. A start-up method for controlling start-up of a high voltage power distribution circuit, the start-up method comprising:
generating ramped current via a current source;
feeding the generated ramped current to a first capacitor which is connected with a non-inverting input of an operational amplifier connected between the current source and a MOSFET, and charging the first capacitor;
feeding the generated ramped current from the first capacitor to a second capacitor connected from an output of the MOSFET to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, the second capacitor comprising a feedback capacitor;
discharging the feedback capacitor; and
enabling the MOSFET when the feedback capacitor is fully discharged;
wherein the ramped current is generated at a delayed rate such that the ramped current remains ramped when fed into the first capacitor and then into the feedback capacitor.
2. The start-up method of claim 1, further comprises connecting an output of the operational amplifier with a gate of the MOSFET and buffering the gate and controlling the MOSFET such that an output voltage decreases along with a voltage across the feedback capacitor.
3. The start-up method of claim 1, further comprising connecting the first capacitor with a dual diode and clamping a voltage thereof to thereby be maintained within an input range of the operational amplifier.
4. The start-up method of claim 1, further comprising charging the first capacitor up to approximately a gate voltage of the MOSFET before feeding the generated ramped current through the feedback capacitor.
5. The start-up method of claim 1, further comprising exponentially increasing a load voltage and decreasing power of the MOSFET, when generating the ramped current.
6. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium including a computer readable program stored thereon, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform a start-up method for controlling start-up of a high voltage power distribution circuit, wherein the method comprises:
generating ramped current via a current source;
feeding the generated ramped current to a first capacitor which is connected with a non-inverting input side of an operational amplifier connected between the current source and a MOSFET, and charging the first capacitor;
feeding the generated ramped current to a second capacitor connected from an output of the MOSFET to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, the second capacitor comprising a feedback capacitor;
discharging the feedback capacitor; and
enabling the MOSFET when the feedback capacitor is fully discharged;
wherein the ramped current is generated at a delayed rate such that the ramped current remains ramped when fed into the first capacitor and then into the feedback capacitor.
7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises connecting an output of the operational amplifier with a gate of the MOSFET and buffering the gate and controlling the MOSFET such that an output voltage decreases along with a voltage across the feedback capacitor.
8. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises charging the first capacitor up to approximately a gate voltage of the MOSFET before feeding the generated ramped current through the feedback capacitor.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for forming a lending instrument, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting a principal to be borrowed;
(b) defining an interest rate;
(c) selecting a loan term;
(d) selecting an initial payment and
(e) calculating a growth rate whereby a stream of payments, as defined by the initial payment, the loan term, and the growth rate, has a present value equal to the borrowed principal, wherein the present value is calculated using the interest rate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream of payment increases during half or more of the loan term.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth rate is neither a whole number nor a half of a whole number or combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth rate is less than 2% annually.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial payment is greater than or equal to an interest only portion of a fixed rate conventional loan having the same interest rate, principal, and term.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a comparable fixed rate conventional loan has a reference term and the same interest rate and principal, wherein the initial payment is equal to payments from the comparable fixed rate conventional loan, and the term of the loan is less than the reference term.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the loan term is selected so that the stream of payments comprises interest-only portions that sum to be approximately equal to total interest paid with an equivalent fixed rate conventional loan.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising selecting a buydown amount, wherein the stream of payments is further defined by the buydown.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the buydown amount is included as an increase to the selected principal.
10. A lending instrument created through a process comprising the steps of:
(a) selecting a principal to be borrowed;
(b) defining an interest rate charged for the principal;
(c) selecting a term;
(d) selecting an initial payment and
(e) calculating a growth rate, whereby a stream of payments for the lending instrument, as defined by the initial payment, the loan term, and the growth rate, has a present value equal to the borrowed principal, wherein the present value is calculated using the interest rate.
11. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the stream of payments increases during half or more of the loan term.
12. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the growth rate is not a whole number or a half of a whole number or combination thereof.
13. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the growth rate is less than 2% annually.
14. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the initial payment is greater than or equal to an interest only portion of a fixed rate conventional loan having similar interest rate, principal and term.
15. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein a comparable fixed rate conventional loan has a reference term and the same interest rate and principal, wherein the initial payment is equal to payments from the comparable fixed rate conventional loan, and term of the loan is less than the reference term.
16. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the loan term is selected so that the stream of payments comprises interest-only portions that sum to be approximately equal to total interest paid with an equivalent fixed rate conventional loan.
17. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the method used to form the lending instrument further comprises selecting a buydown amount, wherein the stream of payments is further defined by the buydown.
18. The lending instrument of claim 17, wherein the buydown amount is included as an increase to the selected principal.
19. A lending instrument comprising a stream of payment, the stream of payments having a predefined initial payment and subsequent payments comprising the initial payment modified by a predefined growth rate, wherein the growth rate is calculated so the stream of payments has present value equal to a borrowed principal.
20. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein the growth rate is not a whole number or a half of a whole number or combination thereof.
21. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein the growth rate is less than 2% annually.
22. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein a comparable fixed rate conventional loan has a reference term and the same interest rate and principal, wherein the initial payment is equal to payments from the comparable fixed rate conventional loan, and the term of the loan is less than the reference term.
23. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein the initial payment is greater than or equal to an interest only portion of a comparable fixed rate conventional loan having a similar interest rate, principal, and term.
24. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein the stream of payments comprises interest-only portions, a sum of the interest-only portions being equal to or less than total interest paid with an equivalent fixed rate conventional loan.
25. The lending instrument of claim 19 further comprising a buydown that is included as an increase in the principal or a decrease in the initial payment.
26. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein the stream of payments comprises a plurality of fixed last payments.
27. The lending instrument of claim 26, wherein the stream of payments increases during half or more of the loan term.
28. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein an interest rate used to determine the stream of payments is higher than an interest rate for a comparable fixed rate conventional loan.
29. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream of the payments is defined by the initial payment for a prespecified period of time and subsequent payments comprising the initial payment adjusted one or more times by the growth rate at prespecified intervals during the loan term.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the calculating of the growth rate comprises selecting a growth rate; and wherein the subsequent payments further comprise one or more secondary adjustments.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a lump sum payment at the end of the loan term, the lump sum payment equal to an outstanding balance reflecting a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a second stream of payment that amortizes an outstanding balance that reflects a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
33. The method of claim 30, wherein the selected growth rate is a whole of fraction of a percentage.
34. The method of claim 30, wherein the selected growth rate is a whole or fraction of basis points.
35. The lending instrument of claim 10, wherein the stream of the payments is defined by the initial payment for a prespecified period of time and subsequent payments comprising the initial payment adjusted one or more times by the growth rate at prespecified intervals during the loan term.
36. The lending instrument of claim 35, wherein the calculating of the growth rate comprises selecting a growth rate; and wherein the subsequent payments further comprise one or more secondary adjustments.
37. The lending instrument of claim 36, wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a lump sum payment at the end of the loan term, the lump sum payment equal to an outstanding balance reflecting a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
38. The lending instrument of claim 36, wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a second stream of payment that amortizes an outstanding balance that reflects a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
39. The lending instrument of claim 36, wherein the selected growth rate is a whole of fraction of a percentage.
40. The lending instrument of claim 36, wherein the selected growth rate is a whole or fraction of basis points.
41. The lending instrument of claim 19, wherein the stream of the payments is defined by the initial payment for a prespecified period of time and subsequent payments comprising the initial payment adjusted one or more times by the growth rate at prespecified intervals during the loan term.
42. The lending instrument of claim 41, wherein the calculating of the growth rate comprises selecting a growth rate; and wherein the subsequent payments further comprise one or more secondary adjustments.
43. The lending instrument of claim 42, wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a lump sum payment at the end of the loan term, the lump sum payment equal to an outstanding balance reflecting a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
44. The lending instrument of claim 42, wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a second stream of payment that amortizes an outstanding balance that reflects a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
45. The lending instrument of claim 42, wherein the selected growth rate is a whole of fraction of a percentage.
46. The lending instrument of claim 42, wherein the selected growth rate is a whole or fraction of basis points.
47. A computer program embodied on a computer readable medium for calculating a lending instrument, the computer program comprising:
a first code segment that is configured to receive a principal to be borrowed, an interest rate charged for the principal, a term, and an initial payment; and
a second code segment that is configured to calculate a stream of payments for the lending instrument, as defined by the initial payment, the loan term, and a growth rate, the stream of the payments having a present value equal to the borrowed principal, the present value calculated using the interest rate.
48. The computer program of claim 47, wherein the stream of the payments comprises:
the initial payment for a prespecified period of time; and
subsequent payments comprising the initial payment adjusted one or more times by the growth rate at prespecified intervals during the loan term.
49. The computer program of claim 48, wherein the first code segment receives the growth rate; and wherein the subsequent payments further comprise one or more secondary adjustments.
50. The computer program of claim 48, wherein the second code section calculates the secondary adjustments, and wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a lump sum payment at the end of the loan term, the lump sum payment equal to an outstanding balance reflecting a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.
51. The computer program of claim 48, wherein the second code section calculates the secondary adjustments, and wherein the secondary adjustment comprises a second stream of payment that amortizes an outstanding balance that reflects a difference between the stream of the payments and a needed stream of payments that achieves the present value.

1. A fluid storage and dispensing apparatus, comprising:
a fluid storage and dispensing vessel, holding a fluid storage and dispensing medium comprising a polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent in a monolithic or particulate form, adapted for fluid to be reversibly adsorbed thereon,
wherein the vessel is configured to store adsorbed fluid on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent, and to discharge fluid desorbed from the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent under dispensing conditions.
2. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fluid reversibly adsorbed on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent.
3. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fluid comprises one or more of arsine, phosphine, boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, silane, germane, phosgene, diborane, ammonia, stibine, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen telluride, nitrous oxide, hydrogen cyanide, ethylene oxide, deuterated hydrides, halide (chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine) compounds, organometallic compounds, nitrogen trifluoride, fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, diboron tetrafluoride, and carbofluoride compounds.
4. A fluid storage and dispensing apparatus, comprising:
a fluid storage and dispensing vessel, holding a fluid storage and dispensing medium comprising a polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent adapted for fluid to be reversibly adsorbed thereon,
wherein the vessel is configured to store adsorbed fluid on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent, and to discharge fluid desorbed from the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent under dispensing conditions,
further comprising a fluid reversibly adsorbed on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent,
wherein the fluid comprises a fluorine-containing fluid.
5. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the fluorine-containing fluid comprises fluorine gas.
6. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the fluorine-containing fluid comprises NF3.
7. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent is of monolithic form.
8. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent is of particulate form.
9. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent comprises porosity including pores of a size in a range of from 0.2 to 5 nanometers.
10. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 9, having porosity, wherein at least 30% of the porosity of the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent comprises pores having a size in a range of from about 0.3 to about 0.72 nanometer, and at least 50% of the porosity comprises pores of diameter <2 nanometers.
11. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent has a bulk density in a range of from 0.6 to 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter.
12. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent has a fluorine gas permeability in a range of from 100 to 600 ccpsicm2min at 275 kPa pressure.
13. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent is in the form of discs that are vertically stacked in the fluid storage and dispensing vessel to form a stacked array in which successive discs are in face-to-face abutting relationship to one another.
14. The fluid storage and dispensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent has a bulk density in a range of from 0.6 to 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter, a fluorine gas permeability in a range of from 100 to 600 ccpsicm2min at 275 kPa pressure, and porosity including pores of a size in a range of from 0.2 to 5 nanometers, wherein at least 30% of the porosity of the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent comprises pores having a size in a range of from about 0.3 to about 0.72 nanometer, and at least 50% of the porosity comprises pores of diameter <2 nanometers.
15. A method of supplying fluid for use in manufacturing, comprising charging an adsorbable fluid to a fluid storage and dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, for adsorption of the adsorbable fluid on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said charging is carried out in a fill operation wherein pressure of the adsorbable fluid is monitored during the fill operation.
17. A manufacturing facility comprising a fluid storage and dispensing apparatus according to claim 2, coupled to flow circuitry for delivering fluid discharged from the fluid storage and dispensing vessel under dispensing conditions to a fluid-utilizing apparatus.
18. A manufacturing facility comprising a fluid storage and dispensing apparatus, comprising:
a fluid storage and dispensing vessel, holding a fluid storage and dispensing medium comprising a polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent adapted for fluid to be reversibly adsorbed thereon,
wherein the vessel is configured to store adsorbed fluid on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent, and to discharge fluid desorbed from the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent under dispensing conditions,
further comprising a fluid reversibly adsorbed on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent,
wherein the fluid storage and dispensing apparatus is coupled to flow circuitry for delivering fluid discharged from the fluid storage and dispensing vessel under dispensing conditions to a fluid-utilizing apparatus,
wherein the fluid reversibly adsorbed on the polyvinylidene fluoride pyrolyzate carbon adsorbent comprises fluorine gas or nitrogen fluoride gas, the fluid-utilizing apparatus comprises a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, and the fluid storage and dispensing apparatus is configured to flow the fluid to the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus for cleaning thereof.
19. The manufacturing facility of claim 18, wherein the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprises a vapor deposition chamber or an ion implant chamber.
20. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor, flat-panel display, or solar product, comprising supplying gas for said manufacturing from a fluid storage and dispensing apparatus according to claim 1.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of inferring gas production utilizing a conduit having an outlet controlled by a valve in communication with a well space within a well through which a gas volume is being produced, comprising:
taking a selected number of measurements during a selected period of time, each measurement including:
closing the outlet valve to allow gas pressure within the conduit to change;
sampling the gas pressure within the conduit over a sampling time period; calculating a rate of pressure change from samples taken over the sampling time period; and
calculating a rate of gas production in the well space from the calculated rate of change of pressure, the gas volume, well characteristics, and gas properties, wherein calculating the rate of gas production comprises calculating the rate of production using the real gas equation multiplied by k, the ratio of specific heats determined for the gas properties, such that the gas volume within the well space is an adiabatic gas volume; and

summing the calculated rates of gas production for the selected number of measurements to determine an inferred rate of gas production through the well space during the selected period of time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein summing the calculated rates of gas production comprises summing the calculated rates of gas production during the selected period of time using the trapezoidal rule.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas volume is an adiabatic volume within the space above a fluid level.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas volume is an adiabatic volume within the well space within the well and a space outside the well casing.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the space comprises an annular space between a well casing and well tubing and above a fluid level of the well.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the well comprises a gas well and the space comprises a space within at least a selected one of tubing and casing of the well.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the inferred rate with a gas rate measured with standard meter equipment to sense a fracture volume outside of the well.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the inferred rate with a measured rate to compute a correction factor for correcting the inferred rate.
9. A method of allocating produced gas to a selected well among a plurality of wells at a central facility comprising:
for each well in the facility, inferring gas production up the annulus of the well disposed between the outer wall of tubing of the well and the inner wall of the casing of the well, comprising:
taking a selected number of measurements during a selected period of time, each measurement including closing the annulus to allow gas pressure within the annulus to change, sampling the pressure within the annulus over a sampling time period, calculating the time rate of pressure change from samples taken over the sampling time period;
calculating the production rate of gas in the annulus, wherein a gas volume within the annulus is an adiabatic gas volume such that the production rate of gas in the annulus is calculated using the real gas equation multiplied by k, the ratio of specific heats determined for the properties of the gas; and
summing the calculated production rates for the selected number of measurements to determine an inferred rate of gas production through the annulus of the well during a selected period of time;

for each well in the facility, determining the amount of gas produced through the tubing of the well during a selected period of time;
for each well in the facility, determining the amount of gas used for utilitarian purposes during the selected period of time;
for each well in the facility, determining the total gas production value during the selected period of time as the sum of the inferred production up the annulus and the determined amount of gas through the tubing less the determined amount of gas from the well used for utilitarian purposes;
calculating an allocation factor for the selected well as the ratio of the total gas production value for the selected well described above to the sum of the total gas production values for all of the plurality of wells in the facility; and
determining an allocation to the selected well as the product of the allocation factor and the total amount of gas sold from all of the plurality of wells in the facility during the selected period of time.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining total gas production for a selected well as the sum of the allocation to the selected well plus the amount of gas used by the selected well for utilitarian purposes.