1460761198-caf8298d-8aa7-4df6-9e5f-5ea35240332d

1. A method of communication by electronic mail, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
forming a decision to allow or to disallow a first recipient to receive a first reply electronic mail, wherein an originator of an original electronic mail forms the decision; and
forwarding the first reply electronic mail to the first recipient.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
forming the first reply electronic mail in reply to an electronic mail within an electronic mail thread.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the steps of:
sending the first reply electronic mail to the originator; and
receiving, by the originator, the first reply electronic mail, wherein a second recipient of the original electronic mail forms the first reply electronic mail.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the electronic mail thread comprises the original electronic mail, a second reply electronic mail in reply to the original electronic mail, and a third reply electronic mail in reply to at least one of the second reply electronic mail, and any other electronic mail within the electronic mail thread.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first recipient is a blind copy recipient.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein an identity of the first recipient is not disclosed to a second recipient of the original electronic mail.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the originator forms the first reply electronic mail.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming of the decision occurred prior to the forming the first reply electronic mail.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein a client of the originator is adapted to one of automatically forward and automatically not forward the first reply email.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming of the decision occurred after the forming the first reply electronic mail.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the client of the originator is at least one of a laptop, a workstation, a computer, a text messaging device, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant, a portable web access device, a television set top box, and a public e-mail computing resource adapted to sending and receiving an electronic mail message.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reply electronic mail comprises a first reply email, wherein the original electronic mail comprises an original email, and wherein the first reply email and the original email are sent using at least one of a simple mail transfer protocol, extended simple mail transfer protocol, and enhanced simple mail transfer protocol.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reply electronic mail comprises a first reply text message, wherein the original electronic mail comprises an original text message, and wherein the first reply text message and the original test message are sent using at least one of a short message service communications protocol and a multimedia messaging service protocol.
14. An article of manufacture for forming a communication by electronic mail, the article comprising a computer readable storage medium having one or more programs embodied therewith, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by a computer, perform steps of:
forming a decision to allow or to disallow a first recipient to receive a first reply electronic mail, wherein an originator of an original electronic mail forms the decision; and
forwarding the first reply electronic mail to the first recipient.
15. The article of manufacture of claim 14, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the computer, further perform step of:
forming the first reply electronic mail in reply to an electronic mail within an electronic mail thread.
16. The article of manufacture of claim 14, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the computer, further perform steps of:
sending the first reply electronic mail to the originator; and
receiving, by the originator, the first reply electronic mail, wherein a second recipient of the original electronic mail forms the first reply electronic mail.
17. Apparatus for forming a communication by electronic mail, the apparatus comprising:
a memory;
a processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
form a decision to allow or to disallow a first recipient to receive a first reply electronic mail, wherein an originator of an original electronic mail forms the decision; and
forward the first reply electronic mail to the first recipient
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor coupled to the memory is further configured to:
form the first reply electronic mail in reply to an electronic mail within an electronic mail thread.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor coupled to the memory is further configured to:
send the first reply electronic mail to the originator; and
receive the first reply electronic mail, wherein a second recipient of the original electronic mail forms the first reply electronic mail.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of teaching financial literacy through a system of four educational games, comprising:
a money game which contains visual aids, such as posters or pictures of different common activities, with corresponding monetary values which either earn or cost the player money depending on whether the common activity is to be encouraged or discouraged, such money being either fake or real money;
a budgeting game which contains common items of financial exchange such as coins, paper money, debit cards, credit cards, and other non-financial exchange items to divide expenditures and income into various categories common to finances and budgeting;
an investing game which contains common investing items and information related to those items such as checkbooks, credit ratings, stock certificates, mortgage loan applications, real estate, loans, stocks, bonds, CDs, and similar items according to commonly known industry standards;
a building a business game which contains physical forms and tutorials for business formation, business licenses, business strategies, business plans, and other items in order to help the player learn about how businesses begin, grow, and thrive or fail by selling items, products, or services for profits or losses.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a game board is used with two sides, a first containing store fronts for teaching supply management and a second side for portfolio management.
3. The money game of claim 1, wherein the game includes balance sheets, spreadsheets, or similar means for keeping track of revenue and expenses and wherein the player submit invoices on a regular basis to get paid.
4. The money game of claim 1, wherein the player is given a bank account, which may be real or fake, where the player learns about banks and banking fees; with a fake account, the parents may impose fees and the player must submit invoices to receive payment.
5. The budgeting game of claim 1, wherein fake or real coins are used and placed into different compartments or bags which are labeled according to their category, such as taxes, bills, savings, charity, and play; the category compartments or bags being receptacles for the fake or real coins which provide a visual aid for educating children on budgeting.
6. The budgeting game of claim 1, wherein the adult submits a monthly bill for necessities (i.e., food, water, rent, transportation, clothing, utilities, etc.) to the player which should be placed in a bill bag or category; the player comparing income to the expenses provided in the bill to calculate the player’s net income or net debt.
7. The budgeting game of claim 1, wherein a fake or real debit card system is implemented which the players must take with them to purchase any item so that the players may learn of the correlation between a card and money; the players then reconcile the accounts at the end of the day.
8. The budgeting game of claim 1, wherein containers or envelopes are divided into categories for budgeting.
9. The budgeting game of claim 1, wherein a player records transactions in a checkbook and where the player is invoiced and pays for monthly expenses.
10. The investing game of claim 1, wherein the investing categories are learned and played in a quarterly or semiannual rotation.
11. The building a business game of claim 1, wherein fake or real business entities are formed and players attempt to earn profits based on each player’s preferred business model.
12. The system of teaching financial literacy of claim 1, wherein some or all of the games are played using digital interactivity in the form of internet-based or stand-alone applications for smartphones, computers, or other electronic devices.
13. A method of teaching financial literacy using electronic devices, the method comprising using programs, applications, or other software to track a student’s income, expenses, and account balances;
14. The method of claim 13, wherein a player uses a fake debit or credit card in connection with the program, application, or other software.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the player receives daily notifications regarding account balance status.
16. A method of teaching financial literacy in a school setting, comprising:
a first phase teaching a correlation between risk and reward;
a second phase teaching basic concepts for operating a business;
a third phase teaching basic concepts to build a business.
17. The first phase of claim 16, wherein students use fake money performing tasks with various risks and rewards, with a greater risk correlating to a potentially greater reward.
18. The second phase of claim 16, wherein students learn basic concepts for operating a business, comprising invoicing, expensing, overhead management, billable goods and services, and borrowing with interest.
19. The third phase of claim 16, wherein students learn to build a business comprising invoicing, supply management, sales, marketing, creating invoices, paying bills, and where students are given bonuses for developing new or unique business models.
20. The method of teaching financial literacy in a school setting of claim 16, wherein materials are provided for financial literacy in assemblies, instructional meetings, take-home materials, student guides, and parent guides.

1460761190-8a5e7b7c-3361-4cd9-ab5f-b471e3ad5724

1. In a Java computing environment, a method of invoking a native method written in a native programming language without calling a Java Native Interface (JNI), said method comprising:
providing a set of macro instructions which are written in said native programming language with a direct reference to one or more Java parameters stored on a Java execution stack, wherein said one or more Java parameters are associated with said native method;
converting, by said set of macro instructions, said one or more Java parameters into at least one native parameter suitable for invocation of said native method, wherein said one or more Java parameters are converted by said converting without calling a Java Native Interface (JNI);
placing said at least one native parameter on a native execution stack associated with said native programming language after said converting operates to generate said at least one native parameter by accessing said direct reference; and
invoking said native method with said at least one native parameter after said converting of said at least one native parameter and said placing of said at least one native parameter on said execution stack, thereby allowing said native method to be invoked without calling said Java Native Interface (JNI).
2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said set of macro instructions and said native method are written in C programming language.
3. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one Java parameter is a Java reference object or a Java primitive data type.
4. A method as recited in claim 1,
wherein said set of macros operate to insulate the native method from the internals of a virtual machine that is invoking said native method.
5. A computer readable medium including computer program code for invoking a native method written in a native programming language without calling a Java Native Interface (JNI), said compute readable medium comprising:
computer program code for providing a set of macro instructions which are written in said native programming language with a direct reference to one or more Java parameters stored on a Java execution stack, wherein said one or more Java parameters are associated with said native method;
computer program code for converting, by said set of macro instructions, said one or more Java parameters into at least one native parameter suitable for invocation of said native method, wherein said one or more Java parameters are converted by said converting without calling a Java Native Interface (JNI);
computer program code for placing said at least one native parameter on a native execution stack associated with said native programming language after said converting operates to generate said at least one native parameter by accessing said direct reference; and
computer program code for invoking said native method with said at least one native parameter after said converting of said at least one native parameter and said placing of said at least one native parameter on said execution stack, thereby allowing said native method to be invoked without calling said Java Native Interface (JNI).
6. A computer readable medium as recited in claim 5, wherein said native programming language is the C or C++ programming language.
7. A computer readable medium as recited in claim 5, wherein said at least one Java parameter is a Java reference object or a Java primitive data type.
8. A computer readable medium as recited in claim 5, wherein said set of macros operate to insulate the native method from the internals of a virtual machine that is invoking said native method.
9. A computer system, comprising:
at least one processor which supports a virtual machine capable of invoking a native method written in a native programming language without calling a Java Native Interface (JNI), wherein said virtual machine is capable of:
providing a set of macro instructions which are written in said native programming language with a direct reference to one or more Java parameters stored on a Java execution stack, wherein said one or more Java parameters are associated with said native method
converting, by said set of macro instructions, said one or more Java parameters into at least one native parameter suitable for invocation of said native method, wherein said one or more Java parameters are converted by said converting without calling a Java Native Interface (JNI);
placing said at least one native parameter on a native execution stack associated with said native programming language after said converting operates to generate said at least one native parameter by accessing said direct reference; and
invoking said native method with said at least one native parameter after said converting of said at least one native parameter and said placing of said at least one native parameter on said execution stack, thereby allowing said native method to be invoked without calling said Java Native Interface (JNI).
10. A computer system as recited in claim 9, wherein said native programming language is the C or C++ programming language.
11. A computer system as recited in claim 9, wherein said at least one Java parameter is a Java reference object or a Java primitive data type.
12. A computer system as recited in claim 9, wherein said set of macros operate to insulate the native method from the internals of said virtual machine.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A swivel multi-hitch, comprising:
a tongue comprising a first end in opposition to a second end and a ball having a longitudinal axis, wherein the first end is adapted to be connected to a vehicle and the second end extends therefrom and the ball is connected adjacent the second end;
a swivel plate comprising a mounting aperture and a hitch opening wherein the swivel plate is pivotally connected at the mounting aperture to the tongue about the longitudinal axis of the ball and is configured to be selectively mountable between a work orientation and a storage orientation;
a fixation plate connected to the tongue about the longitudinal axis of the ball such that the swivel plate is disposed between the fixation plate and the tongue; and
wherein when the swivel plate is disposed in the storage orientation the hitch opening is disposed adjacent to the vehicle and when the swivel plate is disposed in the work orientation the hitch opening is disposed extended from the ball.
2. The swivel multi-hitch of claim 1, wherein the swivel plate comprises a first locking aperture and the fixation plate comprises a second locking aperture, wherein a locking element is inserted through the first and second locking apertures to secure the swivel plate in the work orientation.
3. The swivel multi-hitch of claim 2, wherein the swivel plate comprises a third locking aperture, and wherein the locking element is inserted through the third and the second locking apertures to secure the swivel plate in the storage orientation.
4. The swivel multi-hitch of claim 1, wherein the hitch opening is a circular aperture.
5. The swivel multi-hitch of claim 2, wherein the locking element is a pin.
6. The swivel multi-hitch of claim 3, wherein the locking element is a pin.
7. The swivel multi-hitch of claim 1, wherein a body along the longitudinal axis of the ball and coupled with the ball serves as a pivot for the swivel plate.
8. The swivel hitch of claim 7, wherein the body further includes a locking end in opposition to the ball along the longitudinal axis and where a lock nut on the locking end secures the fixation plate to the tongue.
9. A method for using a swivel multi-hitch on a vehicle, the method comprising:
placing on the back end of a vehicle a swivel multi-hitch comprising a tongue having a first end in opposition to a second end and a ball having a longitudinal axis, wherein the first end is adapted to be connected to the back of the vehicle and the second end extends therefrom and the ball is connected adjacent the second end, a swivel plate having a mounting aperture and a hitch opening wherein the swivel plate is pivotally connected at the mounting aperture to the tongue about the longitudinal axis of the ball and is configured to be selectively mountable between a work orientation and a storage orientation, a fixation plate connected to the tongue about the longitudinal axis of the ball such that the swivel plate is disposed between the fixation plate and the tongue, and wherein when the swivel plate is disposed in the storage orientation the hitch opening is disposed adjacent to the vehicle and when the swivel plate is disposed in the work orientation the hitch opening is disposed extended from the ball, and wherein the swivel plate comprises a first locking aperture and a third locking aperture and the fixation plate having a second locking aperture and wherein a locking element is inserted through the third and second locking apertures to secure the swivel plate in the storage orientation;
removing the locking element from the second and third locking apertures;
pivoting the swivel plate until the first and second locking apertures align; and
inserting the locking element through the first and second locking apertures in the work orientation.