Author: claimsbot

1. A method, comprising:
incorporating into an uplink grant message for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), by a base station in a communications system, information on whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe that is reserved by the base station in every nth subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for the PUSCH; and
transmitting the uplink grant message comprising the information on the last symbol to a user equipment (UE), wherein the user equipment is configured to ignore cell-specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information comprises a new SRS trigger type.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the incorporating further comprises:
incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the UE should send an SRS.
4. A method, comprising:
incorporating into an uplink grant message by a base station in a communications system, information on whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH);
transmitting the uplink grant message comprising the information on the last symbol to a user equipment (UE); and
incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the UE should send an SRS,
wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating whether the UE should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH.
5. A method, comprising:
incorporating into an uplink grant message by a base station in a communications system, information on whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH);
transmitting the uplink grant message comprising the information on the last symbol to a user equipment (UE); and
incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the UE should send an SRS,
wherein a first and a second SRS configuration are provided, and wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating indicate whether the UE should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit a first SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit a second SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the incorporating further comprises:
incorporating two bits in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH.
7. A method, comprising:
incorporating into an uplink grant message by a base station in a communications system, information on whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH);
transmitting the uplink grant message comprising the information on the last symbol to a user equipment (UE); and
incorporating two bits in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH;
wherein the two bits in the uplink grant message indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH are interpreted according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to puncture the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to transmit part of allocated PUSCH physical resource blocks (PRBs);
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit another part of allocated PUSCH PRBs;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit the PUSCH.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein a new SRS trigger type has a higher priority than existing SRS trigger types.
9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising defining a zero-power SRS configuration to allow for flexible muting of the last symbol.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein, when use of a new SRS trigger type is configured, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) re-transmissions follow a pre-defined codepoint of the new SRS trigger type or follow puncturing rules defined for an overlapping cell-specific SRS.
11. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory comprising computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code, with the at least one processor, causing the apparatus at least to
incorporate into an uplink grant message for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), information on whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe that is reserved by a base station in every nth subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for the PUSCH; and
transmit the uplink grant message comprising the information on the last symbol to a user equipment (UE), wherein the user equipment is configured to ignore cell-specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe available for transmission of the PUSCH.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the information comprises a new SRS trigger type.
13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
incorporate one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and incorporating one bit in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the UE should send an SRS.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating whether the UE should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH.
15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a first and a second SRS configuration are provided, and wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating indicate whether the UE should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit a first SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit a second SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH.
16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
incorporate two bits in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the two bits in the uplink grant message indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH are interpreted according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to puncture the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to transmit part of allocated PUSCH physical resource blocks (PRBs);
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit another part of allocated PUSCH PRBs;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit the PUSCH.
18. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a new SRS trigger type has a higher priority than existing SRS trigger types.
19. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
define a zero-power SRS configuration to allow for flexible muting of the last symbol.
20. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein, when use of a new SRS trigger type is configured, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) re-transmissions follow a pre-defined codepoint of the new SRS trigger type or follow puncturing rules defined for an overlapping cell-specific SRS.
21. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus comprises an evolved node B (eNB).
22. A computer program, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
incorporate into an uplink grant message for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) information on whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe that is reserved by a base station in every nth subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for the PUSCH; and
transmit the uplink grant message comprising the information on the last symbol to a user equipment, wherein the user equipment is configured to ignore cell-specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH.
23. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment, an uplink grant message for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) comprising information indicating whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe that is reserved by a base station in every nth subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for the PUSCH; and
determining from the received information whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH;
wherein the user equipment is configured to ignore cell specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH.
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein one bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and another bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the user equipment should send an SRS.
25. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment, an uplink grant message comprising information indicating whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and
determining from the received information whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH,
wherein the user equipment is configured to ignore cell specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH,
wherein one bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and another bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the user equipment should send an SRS,
wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating indicate whether the user equipment should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to the user equipment to not transmit an SRS, and to puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to the user equipment to not transmit an SRS, and to transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to the user equipment to transmit an SRS, and to puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to the user equipment to transmit an SRS, and to transmit t PUSCH.
26. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment, an uplink grant message comprising information indicating whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and
determining from the received information whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH,
wherein the user equipment is configured to ignore cell specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH,
wherein one bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and another bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the user equipment should send an SRS,
wherein a first and a second SRS configuration are provided, and wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating indicate whether the UE should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit a first SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit a second SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH.
27. The method according to claim 23, wherein the receiving further comprises:
receiving the information comprising two bits in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH.
28. The method according to claim 23, wherein, when use of a new SRS trigger type is configured, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) re-transmissions follow a pre-defined codepoint of the new SRS trigger type or follow puncturing rules defined for an overlapping cell-specific SRS.
29. The method according to claim 23, wherein the information comprises a new SRS trigger type, and wherein the new SRS trigger type has a higher priority than existing SRS trigger types.
30. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory comprising computer program code,
the at least one memory and the computer program code, with the at least one processor, causing the apparatus at least to
receive an uplink grant message for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) comprising information indicating whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe that is reserved by a base station in every nth subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for the PUSCH; and
determine from the received information whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH,
wherein the apparatus is configured to ignore cell specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH.
31. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein one bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH, and another bit in the uplink grant message indicates whether the apparatus should send an SRS.
32. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating indicate whether the apparatus should send an SRS are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to the apparatus to not transmit an SRS, and to puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to the apparatus to not transmit an SRS, and to transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to the apparatus to transmit an SRS, and to puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to the apparatus to transmit an SRS, and to transmit the PUSCH.
33. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein a first and a second SRS configuration are provided, and wherein said one bit indicating whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH and said one bit indicating indicate whether the UE should send sounding reference signal (SRS) are interpreted jointly according to:
\u201800\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201801\u2019 indicates to not transmit an SRS, and transmit the PUSCH in the last symbol;
\u201810\u2019 indicates to transmit a first SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH;
\u201811\u2019 indicates to transmit a second SRS configuration, and puncture the PUSCH.
34. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to:
receive the information comprising two bits in the uplink grant message to indicate whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH.
35. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein, when use of a new SRS trigger type is configured, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) re-transmissions follow a pre-defined codepoint of the new SRS trigger type or follow puncturing rules defined for an overlapping cell-specific SRS.
36. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the information comprises a new SRS trigger type, and wherein the new SRS trigger type has a higher priority than existing SRS trigger types.
37. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the apparatus comprises a user equipment.
38. A computer program, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the computer program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive an uplink grant message for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) comprising information indicating whether a last symbol of an uplink subframe that is reserved by a base station in every nth subframe for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, is available for the PUSCH; and
determine from the received information whether the last symbol is available for the PUSCH,
wherein the determining comprises ignoring cell specific SRS subframe configuration when determining whether the last symbol of the uplink subframe is available for transmission of the PUSCH.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for maintaining tension of rolled fencing material during fence installation, the apparatus comprising:
a platform having at least one shaft extending from the platform to receive a spool of fencing material;
a plurality of tensioning rollers extending from the platform and arranged such that the fencing material passes between two adjacent tensioning rollers while contacting both adjacent rollers simultaneously;
a braking mechanism connected with at least one tensioning roller to provide constant tension to the fencing material as the fencing material is dispensed; and
wherein at least one tensioning roller is connected with a moveable portion of the platform, and wherein two adjacent portions of the platform are connected with a tensioning device.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tensioning device comprises a coil spring.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the braking mechanism is connected with at least two tensioning rollers.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the braking mechanism is connected with a plurality of tensioning rollers.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the braking mechanism comprises a brake drum connected with a roller chain.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the roller chain passes around sprockets connected with the tensioning rollers.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a chain tension adjuster coupled with the chain such that the tension of the chain can be modified.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pallet fork attachment connected with the platform and having a plurality of openings for receiving pallet forks.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a coating formed of a resilient material configured to increase friction and prevent damage to the fencing material, the coating covering exterior surfaces of the tensioning rollers.
10. An apparatus for maintaining tension of rolled fencing material during fence installation, the apparatus comprising:
a platform having at least one shaft extending from the platform to receive a spool of fencing material;
a plurality of tensioning rollers extending from the platform and arranged such that the fencing material passes between two adjacent tensioning rollers while contacting both adjacent rollers simultaneously;
a braking mechanism connected with at least one tensioning roller to provide constant tension to the fencing material as the fencing material is dispensed;
wherein the braking mechanism comprises a brake drum connected with a roller chain that passes around sprockets connected with the tensioning rollers.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the braking mechanism is connected with a plurality of tensioning rollers.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a chain tension adjuster coupled with the chain such that the tension of the chain can be modified.
13. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a pallet fork attachment connected with the platform and having a plurality of openings for receiving pallet forks.
14. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a coating formed of a resilient material configured to increase friction and prevent damage to the fencing material, the coating covering exterior surfaces of the tensioning rollers.

1. A digital-analog converter system, comprising:
a common mode adjustment module, determining a first value S according to a digital input D;
a pre-processing module, connecting to the common mode adjustment module for determining number of positive units which are turned on (Pa) and number of negative units which are turned on (Na) according to the first value S and the digital input D;
a digital-analog converter circuit, comprising M three-level switch elements, each three-level switch element has a positive unit capable of supplying a unit of positive electricity and a negative unit capable of supplying a unit of negative electricity, the digital-analog converter circuit generates a corresponding analog output according to Pa and Na; and
an assignment module, connecting to the pre-processing module and the digital-analog converter circuit for controlling the M three-level switch elements to supply positive or negative electricity in a predetermined order according to the first value S.
2. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein each three-level switch element supplies no electricity when the positive unit and the negative unit are both turned on or both turned off.
3. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, further comprising a transistor that switches the positive unit and another transistor that switches the negative unit in each three-level switch element.
4. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein the number of the positive units which are turned on (Pa) and the number of the negative units which are turned on (Na) are determined according to Pa+Na=S and Pa\u2212Na=D.
5. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein M is an even number, further comprising:
the first value S equals M when the digital input D is even; and
the first value S equals M+1 or M\u22121 when the digital input D is odd.
6. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein M is an odd number, further comprising:
the first value S equals M when the digital input D is odd; and
the first value S equals M+1 or M\u22121 when the digital input D is even.
7. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein the assignment module comprising:
a first assignment circuit for turning on the positive units by increasing index progressively or by decreasing index progressively; and
a second assignment circuit for turning on the negative units by decreasing index progressively or by increasing index progressively.
8. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein the digital-analog converter system is an over-sampling DA converter system.
9. The digital-analog converter system of claim 1, wherein the digital-analog converter system is a sigma-delta converter.
10. A digital-analog converting method in a digital-analog converter system comprising M three-level switch elements, each three-level switch element has a positive unit capable of supplying a unit of positive electricity and a negative unit capable of supplying a unit of negative electricity, the method comprising:
determining a first value S according to a digital input D;
determining number of positive units which are turned on (Pa) and number of negative units which are turned on (Na) according to the first value S and the digital input D;
controlling the M three-level switch elements to supply positive or negative electricity in a predetermined order according to the first value S; and
generating a corresponding analog output according to Pa and Na.
11. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, wherein each three-level switch element supplies no electricity when the positive unit and the negative unit are both turned on or both turned off.
12. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, further comprising a transistor that switches the positive unit and another transistor that switches the negative unit in each three-level switch element.
13. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, wherein the number of the positive units which are turned on (Pa) and the number of the negative units which are turned on (Na) are determined according to Pa+Na=S and Pa\u2212Na=D.
14. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, wherein M is an even number, further comprising:
the first value S equals M when the digital input D is even; and
the first value S equals M+1 or M\u22121 when the digital input D is odd.
15. The digital-analog converting method of claim 14, further comprising:
when a preceding digital input D is an odd number and the first value S is M+1, on a next odd digital input D the first value S is M\u22121; or
when the preceding digital input D is an odd number and the first value S is M\u22121, on a next odd digital input D the first value S is M+1.
16. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, wherein M is an odd number, further comprising:
the first value S equals M when the digital input D is odd; and
the first value S equals M+1 or M\u22121 when the digital input D is even.
17. The digital-analog converting method of claim 16, further comprising:
when a preceding digital input D is an even number and the first value S is M+1, on a next even digital input D the first value S is M\u22121; or
when the preceding digital input D is an even number and the first value S is M\u22121, on a next even digital input D the first value S is M+1.
18. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, further comprising:
turning on the positive units by increasing index progressively and turning on the negative units by decreasing index progressively; or
turning on the positive units by decreasing index progressively and turning on the negative units by increasing index progressively.
19. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, wherein the digital-analog converter system is an over-sampling DA converter system.
20. The digital-analog converting method of claim 10, wherein the digital-analog converter system is a sigma-delta converter.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising:
an analog to digital converter (ADC) that samples and quantizes an analog signal to a digital signal comprised of:
a doubling sampling digital to analog converter (DAC) and integrator that receives and amplitude multiplies the analog signal to reduce flicker noise; and
a 1-bit comparator that receives an output from the double sampling digital to analog converter (DAC), and generates the digital signal; and

a modulator that modulates the digital signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ADC is a delta sigma converter that samples a difference between the analog signal a feedback signal of the double sampling DAC and integrator.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ADC samples the analog signal based on the highest frequency of the analog signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the double sampling DAC and integrator includes a fully differential integrator that generates a fully differential voltage that is proportional to two times the analog signal.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the double sampling DAC and integrator includes a fully differential integrator that receives and integrates a feedback difference signal.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the double sampling DAC and integrator is a higher order loop filter.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the comparator receives a reference voltage as an input and the reference voltage determines the digital signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the reference voltage is loaded independently from the input.
9. A double sampling digital to analog converter (DAC) and integrator comprising:
an operational amplifier which operates as a fully differential integrator, and receives an analog input signal; wherein the operational amplifier amplitude multiplies the analog input signal to reduce flicker noise;
two or more sampling capacitors that sample the analog input signal; and
multiple switches that determine sampling state of the two or more sampling capacitors.
10. The double sampling DAC and integrator of claim 9, wherein the sampling capacitors perform sample and hold of the analog input signal.
11. The double sampling DAC and integrator of claim 9, wherein the sampling capacitors and charged in a first phase, and discharged in a second phase.
12. The double sampling DAC and integrator of claim 9, wherein the multiple switches are operated based on a clock input and feedback signal.
13. The double sampling DAC and integrator of claim 9, wherein the multiple switches are MOSFET switches.
14. The double sampling DAC and integrator of claim 9, wherein the double sampling DAC and integrator outputs one or more reference signals in a feedback loop.
15. The double sampling DAC and integrator of claim 9, wherein the double sampling DAC and integrator outputs a voltage that is proportional to two times the analog input voltage.
16. A method of converting an analog signal to a digital signal comprising:
receiving the analog signal;
charging one or more capacitors to a voltage value associated with the analog signal;
discharging the one or more capacitors;
charging one or more integrating capacitors upon the discharging; and
generating a fully differential sampled signal that is amplitude multiplied to Reduce flicker noise, based on the charging of the one or more integrating capacitors.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the receiving includes a DC reference signal.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the charging the one or more capacitors is reference loading independent.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the charging the one or more capacitors is based on phases of a clocked signal.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the charging the one or more capacitors is based on state conditions connecting the integrating capacitors.