Author: claimsbot

1. A process for hydrodeoxygenation of a renewable resource which comprises (a) providing a feed which is a renewable resource; (b) contacting the feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 250 to 425\xb0 C. and a pressure of 500 to 2500 psig (3,450 to 17,250 kPa), wherein the catalyst comprises an oxide, molybdenum and one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and mixtures thereof and the catalyst is sulfided form, to produce a hydrocarbon product having a ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 2:1.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the feed is an oil derived from plants andor animals and comprises one or more triglyceride or one or more free fatty acid.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the triglyceride is derived from a plant selected from the group consisting of pine, rape seed, sunflower, palm, jathropa, seashore mallow and combinations of two or more thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the feed is a vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of canola oil, palm oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, crude tall oil, and combinations of two or more thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the feed is poultry fat, yellow grease, or tallow.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the concentration of metal in the catalyst is 0.1 to 90 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the concentration of metal in the catalyst is 0.5 to 60 weight percent.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, kieselguhr, silica-alumina and combinations.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature is 300 to 400\xb0 C.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the temperature is 325 to 375\xb0 C.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the pressure is 1000 to 2000 psig (7000 to 13,900 kPa).
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 3:1.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 5:1.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 10:1.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein the process is a continuous process and the reactor is a fixed bed reactor or a continuously stirred tank reactor.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein the reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
17. The process of claim 15 wherein the feed is contacted with a solvent or diluent and hydrogen to provide a liquid feedsolventhydrogen or liquid feeddiluenthydrogen mixture in advance of contacting the feed with the catalyst.
18. The process of claim 17 wherein the liquid feedsolventhydrogen or liquid feeddiluenthydrogen mixture is a substantially hydrogen-gas-free liquid feed stream.
19. The process of claim 17 wherein a portion of the product is recycled back to the reactor as a recycle stream and blended with fresh feed and hydrogen for use as solvent or diluent.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
(wherein the symbols in the formula have the following meanings:
Ring B and Ring D: the same as or different from each other, each representing aryl which may be substituted, or a heterocycle which may be substituted,
X: single bond, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014N(R0)\u2014, \u2014N(R0)\u2014R00\u2014, \u2014O\u2014R00\u2014, \u2014R00\u2014O\u2014, \u2014R00\u2014, or -(lower alkenylene)-,
R0: lower alkyl,
R00: lower alkylene,
R1: H or R0,
A: \u2014Z\u2014R3, or a group represented by any one of the formulae (II) to (VII):
Ring E: a heterocycle or cycloalkanediyl which may be substituted,
Y: CH or N,
R2: H or R0,
m: 0 or 1,
Z: single bond or R00,
provided that when A is \u2014Z\u2014R3, Z is R00,
G: O, S, \u2014N(R2)\u2014, or \u2014(HC\u2550CH)\u2014, and
R3: \u2014CO2H or a biological equivalent thereof,
provided that the compounds, in which, when D is phenyl or pyridyl which may be substituted, A is a group represented by the above formula (II), Y is CH, and Z is a single bond, R3 is \u2014CO2H, tetrazole, sulfonamide, or a carboxylate, are excluded.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Ring D is a bicyclic heterocycle which may be substituted with halogen or R0, A is a group represented by the formula (II) or the formula (V), Y is CH, and R2 is H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Ring D is indolyl which may be substituted with halogen or R0, A is a group represented by the formula (II) or the formula (V), Y is CH, and R2 is H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Ring D is indolyl which may be substituted with halogen or R0, and Ring E is cyclohexanediyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Ring D is indole-1,2-diyl or pyrrole-1,2-diyl, which may be substituted with halogen or R0, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein A is a group represented by any one of the formulae (II) to (V), and Y is N, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
8. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating chronic renal insufficiency or diabetic nephropathy, which comprises the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. (canceled)
10. A method for preventing or treating chronic renal insufficiency or diabetic nephropathy, which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

1. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate facing the first substrate;
a field generating electrode disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and
a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and comprising liquid crystal molecules and an alignment polymer,
wherein the alignment polymer is formed by light-irradiating the liquid crystal molecules and an alignment aid,
the alignment aid comprises a mesogen having halogen atoms and at least one photo-polymerizable group combined to the mesogen,
and wherein the alignment aid is electrically neutral or quasi-neutral.
2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein
the halogen atoms are connected to an aromatic cyclic between the photo-polymerizable groups, and wherein the halogen atoms are disposed to be structurally symmetrical.
3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2, wherein
the mesogen includes one of naphthalene, biphenyl, and bisphenol A combined with the halogen atoms.
4. The liquid crystal display of claim 3, wherein:
the halogen atoms comprise one selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
5. The liquid crystal display of claim 4, wherein
the photo-polymerizable group comprises at least one selected from an acryl group and a methacryl group.
6. The liquid crystal display of claim 5, wherein
the alignment aid comprises at least one selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1 to 8:
7. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein
the alignment aid is included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 0.5 wt % based on an amount of the liquid crystal molecules.
8. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein
the field generating electrode has a plurality of micro-slits.
9. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one of a color filter and a black matrix disposed on the first substrate, wherein the first substrate is a thin film transistor array panel and the second substrate is a common electrode panel.
10. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display comprising:
forming a first display panel including a pixel electrode;
forming a second display panel including a common electrode;
assembling the first display panel and the second display panel;
forming a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules and an alignment aid between the first display panel and the second display panel;
applying a voltage between the pixel electrode and the common electrode; and
light-irradiating the liquid crystal layer in a state in which the voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode to polymerize the alignment aid,
wherein the alignment aid comprises a mesogen having halogen atoms and at least one photo-polymerizable group combined to the mesogen, and
wherein the alignment aid is electrically neutral or quasi-neutral.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein
the halogen atoms are connected to an aromatic cyclic between the photo-polymerizable groups, and wherein the halogen atoms are disposed to be structurally symmetrical.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein
the mesogen includes one of naphthalene, biphenyl, and bisphenol A combined with the halogen atoms.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the halogen atoms comprises one selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein
the photo-polymerizable group comprises at least one selected from an acryl group and a methacryl group.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein
the alignment aid includes at least one selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1 to 8:
16. The method of claim 10, wherein
the voltage applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode is a DC voltage applied in a range of about 5V to about 20V.
17. The method of claim 10, further comprising
light-irradiating the liquid crystal layer in a state in which the voltage between the pixel electrode and the common electrode is off.
18. The method of claim 10, wherein
an energy for the light-irradiating of the liquid crystal display in the state in which the voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode is in a range of about 5 Jcm2 to about 10 Jcm2.
19. The method of claim 10, further comprising
at least one of a color filter and a black matrix disposed on the first display panel, and the light is irradiated to the liquid crystal layer through the second display panel, and wherein the first display panel is a thin film transistor array panel.
20. A liquid crystal composition comprising
liquid crystal molecules; and
an alignment polymer,
wherein the alignment polymer is formed by light-irradiating the liquid crystal molecules and an alignment aid, and
wherein the alignment aid comprises a mesogen having halogen atoms and at least one photo-polymerizable group combined to the mesogen, and wherein the alignment aid is electrically neutral or quasi-neutral.
21. The method liquid crystal composition of claim 20, wherein
the halogen atoms are connected to an aromatic cyclic between the photo-polymerizable groups and wherein the halogen atoms are disposed to be structurally symmetrical.
22. The liquid crystal composition of claim 21, wherein
the mesogen includes one of naphthalene, biphenyl, and bisphenol A combined with the halogen atoms.
23. The liquid crystal composition of claim 22, wherein
the halogen atoms comprises one selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
24. The liquid crystal composition of claim 23, wherein
the alignment aid comprises at least one selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1 to 8:
25. The liquid crystal composition of claim 20, wherein
the alignment aid is included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 0.5 wt % based on an amount of the liquid crystal molecules.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording medium, comprising:
a main body having an opening;
a cover configured to pivot around a pivot axis between an open position where the cover opens the opening of the main body and a close position where the cover closes the opening of the main body;
a cartridge configured to contain a first developer;
a holder configured to move through the opening between an inside position and an outside position when the cover is in the open position, the holder being configured to receive the cartridge;
a pressing mechanism configured to press the cartridge received in the holder downward; and
an interlocking mechanism configured to receive a drive force from the cover, whose pivot axis is located below the holder, and move the pressing mechanism to press the cartridge received in the holder downward in response to pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressing mechanism is configured to separate from the cartridge received in the holder, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the close position to the open position.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressing mechanism is configured to press the cartridge received in the holder downward vertically, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the holder is configured to move through the opening between the inside position and the outside position horizontally.
5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the holder is configured to slide through the opening between the inside position and the outside position.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image carrier configured to receive the developer from the cartridge; and
an exposure unit disposed at a position such that the exposure unit is located above the holder when the holder is located in the inside position, the exposure unit being configured to irradiate a surface of the image carrier with light such that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the image carrier,
wherein the pressing mechanism includes a first pressing member and a second pressing member,
wherein the first pressing member is disposed on a first side of the main body corresponding to a first side of the cartridge, in a longitudinal direction of the cartridge, received in the holder,
wherein the second pressing member is disposed on a second side of the main body corresponding to a second side of the cartridge opposite to the first side thereof, in the longitudinal direction, received in the holder, and
wherein the exposure unit is sandwiched between the first pressing member and the second pressing member such that the exposure unit, the first pressing member, and the second pressing member overlap each other when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a direction in which the holder moves.
7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interlocking mechanism is configured to move the pressing mechanism toward a pressing position in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interlocking mechanism includes a gear train.
9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interlocking mechanism includes a linear cam.
10. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording sheet, comprising:
a main body having an opening;
a cover configured to pivot around a pivot axis between an open position where the cover covers the opening of the main body and a close position where the cover closes the opening of the main body;
a plurality of cartridges, each of the cartridges being configured to contain a developer;
a holder configured to move through the opening between an inside position and an outside position when the cover is in the open position, the holder being configured to receive the cartridges arranged along a line;
a pressing mechanism configured to press the cartridges received in the holder downward; and
an interlocking mechanism configured to receive a drive force from the cover, whose pivot axis is located below the holder, and move the pressing mechanism to press the cartridges received in the holder downward in response to pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position,
wherein the cartridges are moved in a direction parallel to the line in response to movement of the holder between the inside position and the outside position.
11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the pressing mechanism is configured to separate from the cartridges received in the holder, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the close position to the open position.
12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the pressing mechanism is configured to press the cartridges received in the holder downward vertically, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the holder is configured to move through the opening between the inside position and the outside position horizontally.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the holder is configured to slide through the opening between the inside position and the outside position.
15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising:
a plurality of image carriers arranged along the line, each of the image carriers being configured to receive the developer from a corresponding one of the cartridges; and
an exposure unit disposed at a position such that the exposure unit is located above the holder when the holder is located in the inside position, the exposure unit being configured to irradiate a surface of each image carrier with light such that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of each image carrier,
wherein the pressing mechanism includes a first pressing member and a second pressing member,
wherein the first pressing member is disposed on a first side of the main body corresponding to a first side of each of the cartridges, in a longitudinal direction of each cartridge, received in the holder, and the first pressing member is configured to press the first side of each of the cartridges downward, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position,
wherein the second pressing member is disposed on a second side of the main body corresponding to a second side of each of the cartridges opposite to the first side thereon, in the longitudinal direction, and the second pressing member is configured to press the second side of each of the cartridges downward, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position, and
wherein the exposure unit is sandwiched between the first pressing member and the second pressing member such that the exposure unit, the first pressing member, and the second pressing member overlap each other when viewed in a direction orthogonal to the line.
16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein the pressing mechanism includes a plurality of elastic members extending downward vertically, and
wherein each of the elastic members is configured to contact and press a corresponding one of the cartridges received in the holder downward, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
17. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording medium, comprising:
a main body having an opening;
a cover configured to pivot around a pivot axis between an open position where the cover opens the opening of the main body and a close position where the cover closes the opening of the main body;
a cartridge configured to contain a first developer;
a holder configured to move through the opening between an inside position and an outside position when the cover is in the open position, the holder being configured to receive the cartridge;
a pressing mechanism including a pressing unit, the pressing unit being configured to move between a pressing position where the pressing unit presses the cartridge received in the holder downward and a non-pressing position where the pressing unit separates from the cartridge received in the holder; and
an interlocking mechanism configured to receive a drive force from the cover, whose pivot axis is located below the holder, and move the pressing unit toward the pressing position in response to pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
18. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the pressing unit is configured to move toward the non-pressing position in response to the pivoting of the cover from the close position to the open position.
19. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the pressing unit is configured to press the cartridge received in the holder downward vertically, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
20. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the holder is configured to move through the opening between the inside position and the outside position horizontally.
21. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the holder is configured to slide through the opening between the inside position and the outside position.
22. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising:
an image carrier configured to receive the developer from the cartridge; and
an exposure unit disposed at a position such that the exposure unit is located above the holder when the holder is located in the inside position, the exposure unit being configured to irradiate a surface of the image carrier with light such that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the image carrier,
wherein the pressing mechanism includes a first pressing member and a second pressing member,
wherein the first pressing member is disposed on a first side of the main body corresponding to a first side of the cartridge, in a longitudinal direction of the cartridge, received in the holder,
wherein the second pressing member is disposed on a second side of the main body corresponding to a second side of the cartridge opposite to the first side thereof, in the longitudinal direction, received in the holder, and
wherein the exposure unit is sandwiched between the first pressing member and the second pressing member such that the exposure unit, the first pressing member, and the second pressing member overlap each other when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a direction in which the holder moves.
23. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the interlocking mechanism is configured to move the pressing unit toward the pressing position in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
24. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the interlocking mechanism includes a gear train.
25. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the interlocking mechanism includes a linear cam.
26. An image forming apparatus configured to form an image on a recording sheet, comprising:
a main body having an opening;
a cover configured to pivot around a pivot axis between an open position where the cover covers the opening of the main body and a close position where the cover closes the opening of the main body;
a plurality of cartridges, each of the cartridges being configured to contain a developer;
a holder configured to move through the opening between an inside position and an outside position when the cover is in the open position, the holder being configured to receive the cartridges arranged along a line;
a pressing mechanism including a pressing unit, the pressing unit being configured to move between a pressing position where the pressing unit presses the cartridges received in the holder downward and a non-pressing position where the pressing unit separates from the cartridges received in the holder; and
an interlocking mechanism configured to receive a drive force from the cover, whose pivot axis is located below the holder, and move the pressing unit toward the pressing position in response to pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position,
wherein the cartridges are moved in a direction parallel to the line in response to movement of the holder between the inside position and the outside position.
27. The image forming apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the pressing unit is configured to move toward the non-pressing position in response to the pivoting of the cover from the close position to the open position.
28. The image forming apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the pressing unit is configured to press the cartridges received in the holder downward vertically, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position.
29. The image forming apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the holder is configured to move through the opening between the inside position and the outside position horizontally.
30. The image forming apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the holder is configured to slide through the opening between the inside position and the outside position.
31. The image forming apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising:
a plurality of image carriers arranged along the line, each of the image carriers being configured to receive the developer from a corresponding one of the cartridges; and
an exposure unit disposed at a position such that the exposure unit is located above the holder when the holder is located in the inside position, the exposure unit being configured to irradiate a surface of each image carrier with light such that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of each image carrier,
wherein the pressing mechanism includes a first pressing member and a second pressing member,
wherein the first pressing member is disposed on a first side of the main body corresponding to a first side of each of the cartridges, in a longitudinal direction of each cartridge, received in the holder, and the first pressing member is configured to press the first side of each of the cartridges downward, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position,
wherein the second pressing member is disposed on a second side of the main body corresponding to a second side of each of the cartridges opposite to the first side thereon, in the longitudinal direction, and the second pressing member is configured to press the second side of each of the cartridges downward, in response to the pivoting of the cover from the open position to the close position, and
wherein the exposure unit is sandwiched between the first pressing member and the second pressing member such that the exposure unit, the first pressing member, and the second pressing member overlap each other when viewed in a direction orthogonal to the line.
32. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressing mechanism is located above the holder.
33. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the pressing mechanism is located above the holder.
34. The image forming apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the pressing mechanism is located above the holder.
35. The image forming apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the pressing mechanism is located above the holder.