Author: claimsbot

I claim:

1. In a valve of the type including:
a. a body constructed to have
(i) a fluid path;
(ii) a stem bore connected in fluid communication with the fluid path; and
(iii) a seat;

b. a stem packing located in the stem bore;
c. a valve member having a valve stem and a sealing member, the valve member being positionable in the stem bore so that the sealing member may engage the seat, the valve stem engaging the stem packing in the stem bore, the valve stem made of a base material; and
d. an actuating member connected to the valve stem for actuating the valve member; the improvement comprising:
the valve stem including a reduced diameter recessed section aligned with the stem packing and a section of welded hardfaced material filling the reduced diameter recessed section, having a thickness of between about 0.010 inches and about 0.125 inches thereby preventing damage to the hardfaced material under the action of foreign materials in the stem packing, and having a Brinell hardness number of between about 220 and about 380 in contact with said stem packing so that upon relative movement between the valve stem and the stem packing the welded hardfaced material filling the reduced diameter recessed section of the valve stem resists corrosion, erosion, and scratching due to foreign materials in the stem packing over a prolonged period of time; and
an improved stem packing located in the stem bore in engagement with the hardfaced material and comprising at least one metal pressure ring and at least one sealing member.
2. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein sealing member of the improved stem packing comprising a graphite seal.
3. The improvement according to claim 2 further characterized by a plurality of metal pressure rings arranged in a vertically stacked array and a plurality of graphite seals, each of the graphite seals being positioned between two of the metal pressure rings comprising the array.
4. The improvement according to claim 3 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals is chevron shaped in cross section.
5. The improvement according to claim 3 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 9.
6. The improvement according to claim 3 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 10.
7. The improvement according to claim 3 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 11.
8. The improvement according to claim 3 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 12.
9. The improvement according to claim 3 further characterized by scrapers located at the opposite ends of the stacked array for engagement with the valve stem to prevent debris from entering the packing member.
10. The improvement according to claim 9 further including thrust plates positioned on the opposite sides of the packing members.
11. In a valve having a body constructed having a fluid path, a stem bore and a seat, a valve member having a valve stem and a sealing member, said valve member being positionable in said stem bore so that said sealing member may engage said seat, said valve stem engaging stem packing located between said valve stem and said stem bore, and an actuating member connected to said valve member wherein the improvement comprises:
said valve stem comprising a recessed portion aligned with the stem packing, said recessed portion being filled with a weldment of hardfaced material selected from the group consisting of one or more materials having Brinell hardness numbers of between about 220 and about 380, said welded hardfaced material having a thickness of between about 0.010 inches and about 0.125 inches thereby preventing damage to the hardfaced material due to foreign material in the stem packing over a prolonged period of time;
said stem engaging packing comprising at least one metal pressure ring and at least one sealing member.
12. The improvement according to claim 11 wherein sealing member of the improved stem packing comprises a graphite seal.
13. The improvement according to claim 11 further characterized by a plurality of metal pressure rings arranged in a vertically stacked array and a plurality of graphite seals, each of the graphite seals being positioned between two of the metal pressure rings comprising the array.
14. The improvement according to claim 13 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals is chevron shaped in cross section.
15. The improvement according to claim 13 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 9.
16. The improvement according to claim 13 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 10.
17. The improvement according to claim 13 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 11.
18. The improvement according to claim 13 wherein each of the metal pressure rings and each of the graphite seals have the cross sectional configuration illustrated in FIG. 12.
19. The improvement according to claim 13 further characterized by scrapers located at the opposite ends of the stacked array for engagement with the valve stem to prevent debris from entering the packing member.
20. The improvement according to claim 19 further including thrust plates positioned on the opposite sides of the packing members.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A metoclopramide oral dosage formulation comprising a solid oral dosage containing metoclopramide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the solid oral dosage dissolves within the mouth within a time period of from about 60 seconds or less.
2. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the time period is from about 30 seconds or less.
3. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 2, wherein the time period is from about 1 second to about 15 seconds.
4. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 3, wherein the time period is from about 3 seconds to 15 seconds.
5. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 4, wherein the time period is from about 3 seconds to 10 seconds.
6. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 5, wherein the time period is from about 3 seconds to about 5 seconds.
7. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the metoclopramide oral dosage comprises from about 40 mg of metoclopramide or less.
8. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 7, wherein the metoclopramide oral dosage comprises about 20 mg of metoclopramide.
9. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the solid oral dosage formulation comprises a lyophilized dosage form.
10. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the solid oral dosage formulation comprises a dosage form selected from the group consisting of tablet, pill, capsule and melt.
11. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the solid oral dosage formulation comprises a dosage form selected from the group consisting of a tablet.
12. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the solid oral dosage formulation comprises a dosage form selected from the group consisting of a pill.
13. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the solid oral dosage formulation comprises a dosage form selected from the group consisting of a capsule.
14. The metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1, wherein the solid oral dosage formulation comprises a dosage form selected from the group consisting of a melt.
15. A process for formulating a lyophilized metoclopramide tablet, comprising the steps of:
forming a solution of metoclopramide; and,
drying by freezing in a high vacuum to form a lyophilized metoclopramide formulation.
16. A metoclopramide lyophilized tablet product produced by the process of claim 15.
17. The metoclopramide lyophilized tablet product of claim 16, where the metoclopramide comprises a dosage of 10 mg.
18. A method for abating manifestations of gastroparesis in a patient comprising the steps of:
providing a metoclopramide oral dosage formulation of claim 1; and,
administering the oral dosage formulation effective to dissolve within the mouth within a time period of from about 60 seconds or less.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of administering metoclopramide occurs without administration fluids.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of administering metoclopramide occurs without administration of water.

1. A power management unit, adapted to a wireless power system including second windings, an input capacitor, a first protecting capacitor and a second protecting capacitor, said input capacitor is coupled between one terminal of said second windings and a power receiving terminal, said second windings receiving a wireless power of alternating-current (AC), said power management unit comprising:
a rectifier, including an input port and a rectifying output terminal, wherein the two terminals of said input port are coupled to said power receiving terminal and the other terminal of said second windings respectively, said rectifier converts an AC power received by said input port to a direct-current (DC) voltage, and said rectifying output terminal outputs said DC voltage;
a regulator, coupled to said rectifier and receiving said DC voltage to output a DC output voltage or to charge a battery;
a first switch, wherein said first protecting capacitor is coupled between said power receiving terminal and one terminal of the channel of said first switch, and the other terminal of the channel of said first switch is coupled to a ground terminal;
a second switch, wherein said second protecting capacitor is coupled between the other terminal of said second windings and one terminal of the channel of said second switch, and the other terminal of the channel of said second switch is coupled to said ground terminal;
a reference voltage terminal, providing a reference voltage; and
a comparator, including two comparing input terminals and a comparing output terminal, wherein said two comparing input terminals are coupled to said rectifying output terminal and said reference voltage terminal respectively, and said comparing output terminal is coupled to both the control terminal of said first switch and the control terminal of said second switch.
2. The power management unit of claim 1, further comprising a voltage limiter including a voltage-limiting current path coupled between said rectifying output terminal and said ground terminal, wherein when the voltage of said rectifying output terminal is larger than a voltage threshold, said voltage-limiting current path is conducting, and when the voltage of said rectifying output terminal is smaller than said voltage threshold, said voltage-limiting current path is cut-off.
3. The power management unit of claim 2, wherein said voltage limiter further comprises:
a voltage-limiting switch, one terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch coupled to said ground terminal;
a current-limiting resistor, coupled between said rectifying output terminal and the other terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch;
a diode serial-connecting circuit, formed by serially connecting a plurality of diodes and coupled between said rectifying output terminal and the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch; and
a control-terminal resistor, coupled between the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch and said ground terminal.
4. The power management unit of claim 1, further comprising:
a first voltage limiter, including a first voltage-limiting current path coupled between said power receiving terminal and said ground terminal, wherein when the voltage of said power receiving terminal is larger than a first voltage threshold, said first voltage-limiting current path is conducting, and when the voltage of said power receiving terminal is smaller than said first voltage threshold, said first voltage-limiting current path is cut-off; and
a second voltage limiter, including a second voltage-limiting current path coupled between the other terminal of said second windings and said ground terminal, wherein when the voltage of the other terminal of said second windings is larger than a second voltage threshold, said second voltage-limiting current path is conducting, and when the voltage of the other terminal of said second windings is smaller than said second voltage threshold, said second voltage-limiting current path is cut-off.
5. The power management unit of claim 4, wherein said first voltage limiter or said second voltage limiter further comprises:
a voltage-limiting switch, one terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch coupled to said ground terminal;
a current-limiting resistor, coupled between the other terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch and either said power receiving terminal or the other terminal of said second windings;
a diode serial-connecting circuit, formed by serially connecting a plurality of diodes and coupled between the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch and either said power receiving terminal or the other terminal of said second windings; and
a control-terminal resistor, coupled between the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch and said ground terminal.
6. The power management unit of claim 1, wherein said wireless power system further comprises a wireless power transmitter including a power supply, a supply-side coupling capacitor and first windings, said wireless power transmitter generating said wireless power and transmitting the wireless power through said first windings.
7. The power management unit of claim 3, wherein said first switch and said second switch are N-type field-effect transistors (FET’s) or NPN-type bipolar junction transistors (BJT’s).
8. The power management unit of claim 5, wherein said first switch and said second switch are N-type field-effect transistors (FET’s) or NPN-type bipolar junction transistors (BJT’s).
9. The power management unit of claim 3, wherein said power management unit is an integrated circuit manufactured by a semiconductor process.
10. The power management unit of claim 5, wherein said power management unit is an integrated circuit manufactured by a semiconductor process.
11. The power management unit of claim 3, wherein said first protecting capacitor and said second protecting capacitor are electrolytic capacitors or ceramic capacitors.
12. The power management unit of claim 5, wherein said first protecting capacitor and said second protecting capacitor are electrolytic capacitors or ceramic capacitors.
13. A wireless power system, comprising:
second windings, receiving a wireless power of alternating-current (AC);
an input capacitor, coupled between one terminal of said second windings and a power receiving terminal;
a first protecting capacitor;
a second protecting capacitor; and
a power management unit, comprising:
a rectifier, including an input port and a rectifying output terminal, wherein the two terminals of said input port are coupled to said power receiving terminal and the other terminal of said second windings respectively, said rectifier converts an AC power received by said input port to a direct-current (DC) voltage, and said rectifying output terminal outputs said DC voltage;
a regulator, coupled to said rectifier and receiving said DC voltage to output a DC output voltage or to charge a battery;
a first switch, wherein said first protecting capacitor is coupled between said power receiving terminal and one terminal of the channel of said first switch, and the other terminal of the channel of said first switch is coupled to a ground terminal;
a second switch, wherein said second protecting capacitor is coupled between the other terminal of said second windings and one terminal of the channel of said second switch, and the other terminal of the channel of said second switch is coupled to said ground terminal;
a reference voltage terminal, providing a reference voltage; and
a comparator, including two comparing input terminals and a comparing output terminal, wherein said two comparing input terminals are coupled to said rectifying output terminal and said reference voltage terminal respectively, and said comparing output terminal is coupled to both the control terminal of said first switch and the control terminal of said second switch.
14. The wireless power system of claim 13, further comprising a voltage limiter including a voltage-limiting current path coupled between said rectifying output terminal and said ground terminal, wherein when the voltage of said rectifying output terminal is larger than a voltage threshold, said voltage-limiting current path is conducting, and when the voltage of said rectifying output terminal is smaller than said voltage threshold, said voltage-limiting current path is cut-off.
15. The wireless power system of claim 14, wherein said voltage limiter further comprises:
a voltage-limiting switch, one terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch coupled to said ground terminal;
a current-limiting resistor, coupled between said rectifying output terminal and the other terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch;
a diode serial-connecting circuit, formed by serially connecting a plurality of diodes and coupled between said rectifying output terminal and the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch; and
a control-terminal resistor, coupled between the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch and said ground terminal.
16. The wireless power system of claim 13, further comprising:
a first voltage limiter, including a first voltage-limiting current path coupled between said power receiving terminal and said ground terminal, wherein when the voltage of said power receiving terminal is larger than a first voltage threshold, said first voltage-limiting current path is conducting, and when the voltage of said power receiving terminal is smaller than said first voltage threshold, said first voltage-limiting current path is cut-off; and
a second voltage limiter, including a second voltage-limiting current path coupled between the other terminal of said second windings and said ground terminal, wherein when the voltage of the other terminal of said second windings is larger than a second voltage threshold, said second voltage-limiting current path is conducting, and when the voltage of the other terminal of said second windings is smaller than said second voltage threshold, said second voltage-limiting current path is cut-off.
17. The wireless power system of claim 16, wherein said first voltage limiter or said second voltage limiter further comprises:
a voltage-limiting switch, one terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch coupled to said ground terminal;
a current-limiting resistor, coupled between the other terminal of the channel of said voltage-limiting switch and either said power receiving terminal or the other terminal of said second windings;
a diode serial-connecting circuit, formed by serially connecting a plurality of diodes and coupled between the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch and either said power receiving terminal or the other terminal of said second windings; and
a control-terminal resistor, coupled between the control terminal of said voltage-limiting switch and said ground terminal.
18. The wireless power system of claim 13, further comprising a wireless power transmitter including a power supply, a supply-side coupling capacitor and first windings, said wireless power transmitter generating said wireless power and transmitting the wireless power through said first windings.
19. The wireless power system of claim 15, wherein said first switch and said second switch are N-type field-effect transistors (FET’s) or NPN-type bipolar junction transistors (BJT’s).
20. The wireless power system of claim 17, wherein said first switch and said second switch are N-type field-effect transistors (FET’s) or NPN-type bipolar junction transistors (BJT’s).
21. The wireless power system of claim 15, wherein said power management unit is an integrated circuit manufactured by a semiconductor process.
22. The wireless power system of claim 17, wherein said power management unit is an integrated circuit manufactured by a semiconductor process.
23. The wireless power system of claim 15, wherein said first protecting capacitor and said second protecting capacitor are electrolytic capacitors or ceramic capacitors.
24. The wireless power system of claim 17, wherein said first protecting capacitor and said second protecting capacitor are electrolytic capacitors or ceramic capacitors.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A communication apparatus configured to perform a communication according to a transmission frame, wherein a downlink subframe of the transmission frame comprises:
a downlink coordination zone where a plurality of femto base stations performs a downlink communication with at least one terminal among a plurality of terminals using a different radio resource; and
a downlink shared zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication with particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using a shared radio resource.
2. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the particular terminals are terminals selected from the plurality of terminals, depending on whether the particular terminals are able to simultaneously perform the downlink communication.
3. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the particular terminals are terminals selected from the plurality of terminals based on at least one of a status of interference channels of the terminals, a distribution thereof, a mobility thereof, and an amount of resource used or required thereof.
4. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein a radio resource for the downlink coordination zone and the shared radio resource for the downlink shared zone are determined based on a distribution of the terminals or an amount of resource used or required thereof.
5. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one terminal that performs the downlink communication in the downlink coordination zone is part of the remaining terminals excluding the particular terminals from the plurality of terminals.
6. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in the downlink coordination zone, the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication by orthogonally using a radio resource.
7. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein a radio resource for the downlink coordination zone and the shared radio resource for the downlink shared zone are determined by a control apparatus that manages the plurality of femto base stations.
8. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the particular terminals are selected by a control apparatus that manages the plurality of femto base stations.
9. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in the downlink shared zone, the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication using the shared radio resource according to a transmit power control scheme or an interference control scheme.
10. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in the downlink shared zone, the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication using a multi-antenna transmission scheme.
11. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the femto base stations transmits, to the plurality of terminals, at least one of information associated with the radio resource used in the downlink coordination zone, information associated with the shared radio resource used in the downlink shared zone, and information associated with a transmit power control scheme or an interference control scheme to be applied in the downlink shared zone.
12. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein an uplink subframe of the transmission frame comprises:
an uplink coordination zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs an uplink communication with at least one terminal among the plurality of terminals using a different radio resource; and
an uplink shared zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs the uplink communication with the particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using a shared radio resource.
13. The communication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of femto base stations uses the same frequency resource.
14. A control apparatus for use in communication between a plurality of femto base stations and a plurality of terminals, said communication conducted using a transmission frame having a downlink subframe that includes a downlink coordination zone and a downlink shared zone, the control apparatus comprising:
a terminal selection unit configured to select particular terminals from the plurality of terminals, depending on whether the particular terminals are able to simultaneously perform a downlink communication; and
a resource decision unit configured to
determine a radio resource for each of the femto base stations used in the downlink coordination zone allowing the plurality of femto base stations to perform the downlink communication with at least one terminal among the plurality of terminals using a different radio resource in the downlink coordination zone, and
determine a shared radio resource used in the downlink shared zone allowing the plurality of femto base stations to perform the downlink communication with the particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using the shared radio resource in the downlink shared zone.
15. The control apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:
a frame setting unit configured to set the downlink subframe based on the radio resource for each of the femto base stations used in the downlink coordination zone, and the shared radio resource.
16. The control apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
an information generation unit configured to generate information associated with the set downlink subframe to be provided to the plurality of femto base stations,
wherein information associated with the set downlink subframe includes at least one of interval information of the downlink coordination zone, interval information of the downlink shared zone, information associated with the radio resource allocated to the at least one terminal, information associated with the radio resource allocated to the particular terminals from the shared radio resource, and information associated with a transmit power control scheme or an interference control scheme to be applied to the particular terminals.
17. The control apparatus of claim 14, wherein the terminal selection unit selects the particular terminals from the plurality of terminals based on at least one of a status of interference channels of the terminals, a distribution thereof, a mobility thereof, and an amount of resource used or required thereof.
18. The control apparatus of claim 14, wherein the resource decision unit determines the radio resource for each of the femto base stations and the shared radio resource based on a distribution of the terminals or an amount of resource used or required thereof.
19. The control apparatus of claim 14, wherein, in the downlink shared zone, the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication using a transmit power control scheme or an interference control scheme.
20. A femto base station to communicate with at least one terminal using a transmission frame having a downlink subframe, the downlink subframe including a downlink coordination zone where a plurality of femto base stations performs a downlink communication with at least one terminal among a plurality of terminals using a different radio resource and a downlink shared zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication with particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using a shared radio resource, the femto base station comprising:
an information receiver configured to receive information associated with a radio resource used in the downlink coordination zone, and information associated with the shared radio resource used in the downlink shared zone;
an information generation unit configured to generate resource allocation information based on the information associated with the radio resource used in the downlink coordination zone and the information associated with the shared radio resource used in the downlink shared zone; and
an information transmitter configured to transmit the resource allocation information to the at least one terminal.
21. The femto base station of claim 20, wherein the information generation unit generates the resource allocation information that includes information associated with at least one of a transmit power control scheme and an interference control scheme to be applied in the downlink shared zone.
22. The femto base station of claim 20, wherein the information transmitter transmits the resource allocation information to the at least one terminal to allow the at least one terminal to perform the downlink communication in the downlink coordination zone or the downlink shared zone, based on the resource allocation information.
23. The femto base station of claim 20, wherein the particular terminals are terminal selected among the plurality of terminals based on at least one of a status of interference channels of the terminals, a distribution thereof, a mobility thereof, and an amount of resource used or required thereof.
24. A computer-readable storage medium storing a transmission frame to facilitate communication between communication apparatuses, the transmission frame comprising a data structure including a downlink subframe, wherein the downlink subframe comprises:
a downlink coordination zone where a plurality of femto base stations performs a downlink communication with at least one terminal among a plurality of terminals using a different radio resource; and
a downlink shared zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication with particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using a shared radio resource.
25. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the transmission frame further comprises an uplink subframe, and the uplink subframe comprises:
an uplink coordination zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs an uplink communication with at least one terminal among the plurality of terminals using a different radio resource; and
an uplink shared zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs the uplink communication with the particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using a shared radio resource.
26. A communication apparatus configured to perform a communication according to a transmission frame, wherein a downlink subframe of the transmission frame comprises:
a downlink coordination zone where a plurality of femto base stations performs a downlink communication with at least one terminal among a plurality of terminals, wherein:
the downlink coordination zone comprises:
a first interval allocated to a first femto base station and at least one terminal to access the first femto base station; and
a second interval allocated to a second femto base station and at least one terminal to access the second femto base station, and

the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication by orthogonally using a radio resource.
27. The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein the downlink subframe of the transmission frame further comprises a downlink shared zone where the plurality of femto base stations performs the downlink communication with particular terminals among the plurality of terminals using a shared radio resource.
28. The communication apparatus of claim 27, wherein one or more of the particular terminals are fixed terminals.
29. The communication apparatus of claim 27, wherein the plurality of femto base stations uses the shared radio resource according to a transmit power control scheme, an interference control scheme, or a multi-antenna transmission scheme to simultaneously perform the downlink communication with respect to the particular terminals.
30. The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein the plurality of femto base stations uses the same distribution channel resource as a distribution channel resource of a neighboring macro cell.
31. The communication apparatus of claim 30, wherein the plurality of femto base stations uses the same frequency resource.
32. The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein the radio resource is one of a frequency resource, a time resource, a space resource, and a code resource, and the first and second intervals correspond to the radio resource divided into a plurality of resource intervals.
33. The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein the communication apparatus is one of a relay station, a terminal among the plurality of terminals, and a femto base station among the plurality of femto base stations.