1. A case-hardening steel comprising, as a chemical composition, by mass %:
C: 0.05% to 0.30%;
Si: 0.40% to 1.5%;
Mn: 0.2% to 1.0%;
S: 0.001% to 0.050%;
Cr: 1.0% to 2.0%;
Mo: 0.02% to 0.8%;
Al: 0.001% to 0.20%;
N: 0.003% to 0.03%;
Nb: 0% to 0.10%;
Cu: 0% to 0.2%;
Ni: 0% to 1.5%;
V: 0% to 0.20%;
Ca: 0% to 0.0050%;
Mg: 0% to 0.0050%;
Sb: 0% to 0.050%;
P: limited to 0.030% or less;
O: limited to 0.0020% or less;
Ti: limited to 0.005% or less; and
a balance consisting of Fe and impurities,
wherein the following Equations (1) and (2) are satisfied,
in inclusion evaluation using an extreme value statistical method, when an estimated area S is 30,000 mm2, an estimated value of the maximum size (\u221aarea)S of sulfide-based inclusions present in the estimated area S is 49 \u03bcm or less and an estimated value of the maximum size (\u221aarea)Ox of oxide-based inclusions present in the estimated area S is 80 \u03bcm or less, and
the number of sulfide-based inclusions having a length of more than 20 \u03bcm and a thickness of more than 2 p.m per 1 mm2 is limited to 200 or less,
12\xd7Si(%)+25\xd7Mn(%)+Cr(%)+2\xd7Mo(%)\u226625 \u2003\u2003(1),
31\xd7Si(%)+15\xd7Mn(%)+23\xd7Cr(%)\u226750 \u2003\u2003(2),
here, Si(%), Mn(%), Cr(%) and Mo(%) represent the amount of each element by mass % in Equations (1) and (2).
2. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1, comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Nb: 0.015% to 0.10%.
3. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1, comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Si: 0.55% to 1.5%.
4. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1, comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %, either or both of,
Cu: 0.001% to 0.2%; and
Ni: 0.001% to 1.5%.
5. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1, comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
V: 0.01% to 0.20%.
6. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1, comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %, either or both of,
Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%; and
Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%.
7. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1, comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Sb: 0.0001% to 0.050%.
8. The case-hardening steel according to claim 1,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
9. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 1, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
10. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 8, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
11. The case-hardening steel according to claim 2,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
12. The case-hardening steel according to claim 3,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
13. The case-hardening steel according to claim 4,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
14. The case-hardening steel according to claim 5,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
15. The case-hardening steel according to claim 6,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
16. The case-hardening steel according to claim 7,
wherein the microstructure has a spheroidized carbide structure.
17. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 2, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
18. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 3, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
19. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 4, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
20. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 5, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
21. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 6, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
22. A case-hardened steel member made from the case-hardening steel according to claim 7, wherein
a surface hardened layer that is formed by a carburizing quenching and tempering treatment or a carburizing nitriding quenching and tempering treatment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An acoustic and heat control device, comprising:
A central chamber oriented along a central axis, said central chamber having an inlet configured to receive a high energy material from a high energy outlet, wherein the high energy material is a bullet and the central chamber includes an outlet along the central axis and a linear elongated path having a diameter to allow the bullet to ballistically pass therethrough from the high energy outlet; and
A damper disposed proximate to the central chamber and comprising an energy absorbent material, wherein the energy absorbent material is in the form of discrete particulates.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the energy absorbent material is selected from the group consisting of powder tungsten filament, heavy metal powder, graphite, polymer, and combinations thereof.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the damper is annular about the central chamber.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the damper comprises a dampening chamber and the energy absorbent material is disposed within the dampening chamber.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the energy absorbent material is a particulate selected from the group consisting of aluminum, stainless steel, carbon steels, iron, copper, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, carbides of these, alloys of these, and combinations thereof.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein the energy absorbent material is a powder tungsten filament.
7. The device of claim 4, wherein the dampening chamber is formed substantially of titanium.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the central chamber is within an outer shell.
9. The device of claim 8, wherein the outer shell has an octagonal cross-section.
10. The device of claim 8, wherein the damper is removably coupleable with the outer shell.
11. The device of claim 8, further comprising an off axis chamber in fluid communication with the central chamber, the off axis chamber being defined, at least in part, by the outer shell.
12. The device of claim 1, further comprising an off axis chamber in fluid communication with the central chamber.
13. The device of claim 12, wherein the off axis chamber includes a fluid outlet.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein the central chamber is within a central chamber shell.
15. The device of claim 14, wherein the damper is removably coupleable with the central chamber shell.
16. The device of claim 1, wherein the bullet has a caliber selected from the group consisting of 5.56 mm (0.223), 7.62 mm, 9 mm, 13 mm, 7.8 mm (0.308), 10.6 mm (0.416), and 12.7 mm (0.50).