Author: claimsbot

1. A device, comprising:
a host lens adapted to fit into an eyeglass frame;
a dynamic lens adapted to adjust its optical power based upon an input, the dynamic lens being in optical communication with the host lens;

a sensor;
a controller electrically connected to the sensor,
an actuator electrically connected to the controller, wherein the actuator is operably connected to the dynamic lens;
wherein the actuator is adapted to provide the input to the dynamic lens based upon a signal from the sensor, and
wherein the dynamic lens comprises a first zone adapted to alter its optical power by \u22120.75 D to +0.75 D of increased minus or increased plus optical power.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the dynamic lens comprises an electro-active lens.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is in optical communication with a part of the host lens that provides the wearer’s distance prescription.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is in optical communication with the fitting point of the host lens.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the dynamic lens comprises at least one of the group consisting of electronic lenses, electro-active lenses, fluid lenses, mechanical lenses, membrane lenses, and gas lenses.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is adapted to alter its optical power within the range of 0.12 D to 0.75 D.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is adapted to alter its optical power within the range of \u22120.50 D to +0.50 D.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is adapted to alter its optical power by 0.75 Diopters.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the first zone is adapted to alter its optical power by 0.50 Diopters.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the dynamic lens is disposed on the host lens or within the host lens.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein the dynamic lens has only one zone.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein the host lens comprises a full power progressive addition surface.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the dynamic lens further comprises a second zone.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the second zone is adapted to increase optical power by +0.50 D to +2.50 D.
15. The device of claim 14, wherein the second zone overlaps a partial power progressive addition surface of the host lens.
16. The device of claim 15, wherein the second zone in combination with the host lens provides at least one of an intermediate optical power and of a near optical power.
17. The device of claim 13, wherein the second zone is an electro-active progressive power lens.
18. The device of claim 13, wherein the first zone or the second zone has a shape of one of the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, an oval, and a circle.
19. The device of claim 13, wherein the first zone or the second zone has a diameter ranging from 10 mm in diameter to 30 mm.
20. The device of claim 19, wherein the first zone or the second zone has a diameter ranging from 15 mm to 25 mm.
21. The device of claim 1, wherein the dynamic lens is configured to be adjusted manually, using a mechanism in one of the group consisting of a touch switch, a capacitor switch, a knob, and a manual switch.
22. The device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is adapted to detect daytime conditions and nighttime conditions, and wherein based on the signal from the sensor, the actuator adjusts the optical power of the first zone to be at least 0.12 D to 0.75 D less plus (more minus) in nighttime conditions than in daytime conditions.
23. The device of claim 23, wherein the actuator adjusts the optical power of the first zone to be at least 0.12 D to 0.75 D more plus (less minus) in nighttime conditions than in daytime conditions.
24. The device of claim 24, wherein the dynamic lens is an electro-active lens, and wherein in daytime conditions, the actuator deactivates the first zone.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for a hybrid vehicle, comprising:
during engine shut-down conditions,
releasing a disconnect clutch coupled between an engine and an electric machine in a vehicle driveline; and
estimating a torque error after disconnect clutch release based on deviations in one or more of engine torque, engine speed, and engine deceleration from their commanded values at the clutch release.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electric machine is a crankshaft integrated startergenerator (CISG), the CISG coupling the engine to a transmission and wheels of the vehicle driveline.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the estimated torque error is stored as a function of engine speed and wherein the estimated torque error is learned after releasing the disconnect clutch and before fuel injection to the engine is deactivated.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, updating an engine torque estimation model with the estimated torque error.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, controlling the engine during a subsequent engine restart based on the updated engine torque estimation model.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating the torque error includes, before releasing the disconnect clutch,
commanding an engine torque that will maintain a desired engine deceleration; and
adjusting one or more engine operating parameters to maintain the commanded engine torque; and
after releasing the disconnect clutch,
determining the torque error based on a deviation of actual engine deceleration from the desired engine deceleration while the commanded engine torque is maintained.
7. A method for a hybrid vehicle driveline, comprising:
in response to idle-stop conditions,
selectively deactivating an engine and releasing a disconnect clutch coupled between the engine and a CISG, the CISG coupled to driveline transmission and wheels; and
while the engine is decelerating,
maintaining an engine torque command; and
learning an engine torque error based on a speed response of the engine upon release of the disconnect clutch.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the engine torque command is selected to provide substantially zero torque across the disconnect clutch.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the engine torque command is selected to decelerate the engine at an expected deceleration rate upon releasing the disconnect clutch.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein learning the engine torque error based on the speed response of the engine includes, estimating the engine torque error based on a deviation of an actual deceleration rate of the decelerating engine from the expected deceleration rate.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein learning the engine torque error based on the speed response of the engine includes, learning an engine torque over-estimation error if the engine decelerates slower than the expected deceleration rate, and learning an engine torque under-estimation error if the engine decelerates faster than the expected deceleration rate.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the engine torque error is further learned based on a speed response of the CISG upon release of the disconnect clutch and while maintaining the engine torque command.
13. The method of claim 7, wherein releasing a disconnect clutch includes releasing a disconnect clutch while a vehicle speed is above a threshold speed.
14. The method of claim 7, further comprising, learning the engine torque error as a function of engine speed.
15. The method of claim 7, further comprising,
updating an engine torque estimation model with the learned torque error; and
controlling an engine torque commanded during a subsequent engine restart based on the updated engine torque estimation model.
16. A hybrid vehicle method, comprising:
attempting to provide zero torque across a disconnect clutch upon clutch release, the clutch mechanically coupling an engine to an electric machine; and
learning errors in air and fueling required to provide the zero torque based on a speed profile of the engine andor the electric machine for a duration following the clutch release.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein attempting to provide zero torque across the clutch includes determining an engine torque command that provides substantially zero torque and commanding the determined torque command immediately before the clutch release.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein learning errors based on the speed profile of the engine includes,
if an actual engine speed profile over the duration is higher than an expected engine speed profile, learning an error corresponding to an over-estimation of engine torque; and
if the actual engine speed profile over the duration is lower than the expected engine speed profile, learning an error corresponding to an under-estimation of engine torque, wherein the expected engine speed profile is based on the engine torque command.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the errors are learned as a function of engine speed and one or more engine actuator settings.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein learning errors includes learning errors during engine idle-stop conditions when a vehicle speed is higher than a threshold.

1. A method for manufacturing a metal-ceramic composite structure having a base metal structure or component, which is on at least one side covered and joined with one or more ceramic tiles, said method comprising:
a) manufacturing one or more green bodies with cavities extending from a surface on one side of said green bodies into an interior of said green bodies and sintering said green bodies to receive one or more ceramic tiles with respective cavities;
b) arranging said one or more ceramic tiles in a cast mould, whereby the one or more ceramic tiles are used as a part of the cast mould;
c) pouring liquid metal into said cast mould at a temperature and pressure that said cavities of said one or more ceramic tiles are filled completely or to a great extent in order to fabricate at least one intermediate metal layer to be joined with said base metal structure or component; wherein the at least one intermediate metal layer is created with mechanical interlocks between said one or more ceramic tiles and said at least one intermediate metal layer;
d) after solidification of said poured-in metal, taking the resulting metal-ceramic structure with its mechanical interlocks between said one or more ceramic tiles and said at least one intermediate metal layer, out of said cast mould; and said one or more ceramic tiles with said at least one intermediate metal layer are then joined with said base metal structure or component.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal used for said base metal structure or component, or said at least one intermediate metal layer, is a Ni-based superalloy.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (b) includes assembly and masking of the one or more ceramic tiles using soluble ceramics.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cavities in said one or more ceramic tiles are arranged in such a way that most of the ceramic at said mechanical interlocks is under compression during later use over the used temperature range.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base metal structure or component is a hot gas path part of a gas turbine.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said base metal structure or component is a stator heat shield.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein said base metal structure or component is a combustor liner.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein said base metal structure or component is a platform andor airfoil of a blade andor vane.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A circuit device comprising:
core circuitry;
a first set of guard rings having a first dopant type, the first set of guard rings being around a periphery of the core circuitry, the first set of guard rings comprising a first guard ring and a second guard ring; and
a second set of guard rings having a second dopant type, the second dopant type being opposite to the first dopant type, wherein at least one guard ring of the second set of guard rings is around a periphery of at least one guard ring of the first set of guard rings, and the second set of guard rings comprises a third guard ring and a fourth guard ring.
2. The circuit device of claim 1, wherein the third guard ring is between the first guard ring and the second guard ring.
3. The circuit device of claim 1, further comprising fin structures in the first guard ring and the second guard ring.
4. The circuit device of claim 3, wherein adjacent fin structures in the first guard ring are spaced from each other in a first direction by a first distance.
5. The circuit device of claim 4, wherein adjacent fin structures in the first guard ring are spaced from each other in a second direction by a second distance less than the first distance, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
6. The circuit device of claim 4, wherein adjacent fin structures in the first guard ring are in contact with each other in a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
7. The circuit device of claim 3, wherein adjacent fin structures in the first guard ring are connected to each other by a connection line.
8. The circuit device of claim 7, wherein the connection line is connected to a reference voltage.
9. The circuit device of claim 3, wherein fin structures in the first guard ring are offset with respect to fin structures in the second guard ring.
10. The circuit device of claim 9, wherein a portion of a fin structure in the first guard ring overlaps with a portion of a fin structure in the second guard ring in a direction perpendicular to a spacing between adjacent fin structures in the first guard ring.
11. The circuit device of claim 10, wherein the portion of the fin structure in the first guard ring overlapping with the portion of the fin structure in the second guard ring ranges from 30% to 70%.
12. A guard ring structure comprising:
a first guard ring having a first dopant type;
a second guard ring having the first dopant type, the second guard ring being around the periphery of the first guard ring and contacting the first guard ring;
a third guard ring having a second dopant type, the second dopant type being opposite the first dopant type, wherein the third guard ring is around a periphery of the second guard ring and contacting the second guard ring; and
a fourth guard ring having the second dopant type, the fourth guard ring being around a periphery of the third guard ring and contacting the third guard ring.
13. The guard ring structure of claim 12, further comprising fin structures in the second guard ring and fin structures in the third guard ring.
14. The guard ring structure of claim 13, wherein a first fin structure in the second guard ring is aligned with a first fin structure in the third guard ring in a first direction.
15. The guard ring structure of claim 14, wherein a second fin structure in the second guard ring is offset with respect to a second fin structure in the third guard ring in a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
16. The guard ring structure of claim 14, wherein adjacent fin structures in the second guard ring are in contact with each other in the first direction.
17. The guard ring structure of claim 13, wherein adjacent fin structures in the second guard ring are spaced from each other in a first direction by a first distance, and adjacent fin structures in the third guard ring are spaced from each other in the first direction by a second distance different from the first distance.
18-20. (canceled)
21. A circuit device comprising:
core circuitry;
a first guard ring around a periphery of the core circuitry, wherein the first guard ring has a first dopant type, and the first guard ring comprises a first plurality of fin structures; and
a second guard ring around the first guard ring, wherein the second guard ring has a second dopant type, the second guard ring comprises a second plurality of fin structures, and each fin structure of the second plurality of fin structures is offset with respect to each fin structure of the first plurality of fin structures.
22. The circuit device of claim 21, wherein a first set of fin structures of the first plurality of fin structures along a first side of the core circuitry are in direct contact with each other, and a second set of fin structures of the first plurality of fin structures along a second side of the core circuitry perpendicular to the first side are spaced from each other.
23. The circuit device of claim 21, further comprising a third guard ring around the second guard ring, wherein the third guard ring has the first dopant type, and the third guard ring comprises a third plurality of fin structures.