Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. A dual reward game for play by a game user, comprising:
a plurality of first reward devices;
playfield apparatus being operably coupled to a source of the plurality of first reward devices for receiving a first reward device therefrom and for putting the first reward device into play, the playfield apparatus having at least a first play outcome and a second play outcome;
a play outcome selector reward system wherein,
a first play outcome always rewards a first reward device,
a second play outcome rewards a first reward device and rewards a second reward device, the second reward device being selectively dispensed onto the playfield apparatus for being put into play or rewarded directly to the user.
2. The game of claim 1 wherein the first reward device and the second reward device are similar devices.
3. The game of claim 1 wherein the rewarded first reward device is dispensed to a reward return there being retrievable by the game user.
4. The game of claim 1 wherein the first reward device and the second reward device are gumballs.
5. The game of claim 1 wherein the second reward device is a capsule.
6. The game of claim 1 further including a game cabinet having a substantially upright configuration and being formed of steel panels.
7. The game of claim 1, the playfield apparatus being disposed in a substantially vertical orientation.
8. The game of claim 1 further including a first hopper for storing at least the first reward devices, the first hopper presenting a clear side directed to a user such that reward devices stored in the first hopper are readily viewable by the user.
9. The game of claim 1 further including a second hopper for storing the second reward devices.
10. The game of claim 1 being powered by a 12 volt power source.
11. The game of claim 10 including a 12 volt transformer and a power cord, the power cord for connection to a standard electrical wall outlet.
12. The game of claim 10 including a 12 volt battery.
13. A dual reward game for play by a game user wherein the game has a plurality of possible game outcomes sensible by respective outcome sensors, a reward device being dispensed by a dispenser actuatable responsive to at least one sensor input upon the occurrence of all game outcomes and a further reward device being dispensed responsive to a certain sensor input upon the occurrence of a certain game outcome.
14. The game of claim 13 wherein the first reward device and the second reward device are similar devices.
15. The game of claim 13 wherein the rewarded first reward device is dispensed to a reward return there being retrievable by the game user.
16. The game of claim 13 wherein the first reward device and the second reward device are gumballs.
17. The game of claim 13 wherein the second reward device is a capsule.
18. The game of claim 13 further including a game cabinet having a substantially upright configuration and being formed of steel panels.
19. The game of claim 13, the playfield apparatus being disposed in a substantially vertical orientation.
20. The game of claim 13 further including a first hopper for storing at least the first reward devices, the first hopper presenting a clear side directed to a user such that reward devices stored in the first hopper are readily viewable by the user.
21. The game of claim 13 further including a second hopper for storing the second reward devices.
22. The game of claim 13 being powered by a 12 volt power source.
23. The game of claim 22 including a 12 volt transformer and a power cord, the power cord for connection to a standard electrical wall outlet.
24. The game of claim 22 including a 12 volt battery.
25. A method of rewarding the outcome of play of a game, comprising the steps of:
selecting among a plurality of game play outcomes;
responsive to a first play outcome, rewarding a first reward retrievable by a game user; and
responsive to a second play outcome, rewarding a first reward retrievable by a game user and rewarding a second reward selectively into play for further play by the game user and rewarding the second reward for retrieval by the game user.
26. The method of claim 25 including forming a first reward device and a second reward device of similar devices.
27. The method of claim 25 including forming a first reward device and a second reward device of gumballs.
28. The method of claim 25 wherein a second reward device is a capsule.
29. The method of claim 25 including housing the game in a game cabinet having a substantially upright configuration and forming the game cabinet of steel panels.
30. The method of claim 25 including disposing a playfield apparatus in a substantially vertical orientation.
31. The method of claim 25 including storing at least first reward devices in a first hopper and presenting a first hopper clear side directed to a user such that reward devices stored in the first hopper are readily viewable by the user.
32. The method of claim 25 including storing second reward devices in a second hopper.
33. The method of claim 25 including powering the game by a 12 volt power source.
34. The method of claim 33 including powering the game by a 12 volt transformer and a power cord and connecting the power cord to a standard electrical wall outlet.
35. The method of claim 33 including powering the game by a 12 volt battery.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system (10) formed as an electrohydraulic system (10), for adjusting the contract pressures of a continuously variable gear formed as a double-cone pulley belt-contact gear, which has a device for changing the gear ratio of the gear having at least one primary pressure chamber and one secondary pressure chamber, having an electrically triggerable primary pressure valve (Vprim) for adjusting the pressure in the primary pressure chamber and an electrically triggerable secondary pressure valve (Vsec) for adjusting the pressure in the secondary pressure chamber, the pressure (pprim) of the primary pressure chamber and the pressure (psec) of the secondary pressure chamber being carried to the secondary pressure valve (Vsec), characterized in that the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) is set to a value (Isec,soll) which corresponds to a predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and to a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) in the secondary pressure chamber, and the pressure (psec) in the secondary pressure chamber is regulated via the control signal (Iprim) of the primary valve (Vprim), so that the pressure (pprim) in the primary pressure chamber is established indirectly.
2. The system (10) of claim 1, characterized in that for controlling the pressure (pprim) in the primary pressure chamber, the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) is defined as a function of the sum of the product of a constant (kprim) of the primary pressure valve (Vsec) and the pressure (pprim,soll) of the primary pressure chamber, and the product of a constant (ksec) of the secondary pressure valve (Vsec) and the pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber, which is done by regulating the pressure (psec) in the secondary pressure chamber.
3. The system (10) of claim 1, characterized in that the pressure (psec) in the secondary pressure chamber is regulated with the control signal (Isec) of the primary pressure valve (Vprim).
4. The system (10) of one of claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment of the contract pressures is done when the gear is at a standstill.
5. The system (10) of claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment of the contract pressures is effected when the gear is virtually in a stage selected from the group consisting of at a standstill and at the highest gear ratio.
6. The system (10) of claim 1, characterized in that means are provided with which the relationship between the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) and the predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber is adapted during operation.
7. The system (10) of claim 6, characterized in that the ascertainment of the relationship between the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) and the predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber is effected in an operating state in which the pressure (pprim) in the primary pressure chamber is zero.
8. The system (10) of claim 7, characterized in that for establishing the operating state in which the pressure (pprim) in the primary pressure chamber is zero, the primary pressure valve (Vsec) is opened in the direction of low pressure with the aid of the control signal (Iprim).
9. The system (10) of claim 6, characterized in that the ascertainment of the relationship between the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) and the predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber is effected in an operating state in which the pressure (pprim) in the primary pressure chamber is approximately equal to the pressure (psec) in the secondary pressure chamber.
10. The system (10) of claim 6, characterized in that for establishing the operating state in which the pressure (pprim) in the primary pressure chamber is approximately equal to the pressure (psec) in the secondary pressure chamber, the primary pressure valve (Vsec) is opened in the direction of secondary pressure with the aid of the control signal (Iprim).
11. The system (10) of claim 6, characterized in that the ascertainment of the relationship between the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) and the predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber is effected in the form of determining an offset control signal (Isec,offset).
12. The system (10) of claim 6, characterized in that the ascertainment of the relationship between the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) and the predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber, the measured secondary pressure (psec) is compared with a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber, and as a function of the comparison, the relationship between the control signal (Isec) of the secondary valve (Vsec) and the predetermined pressure (pprim,soll) in the primary pressure chamber and a predetermined pressure (psec,soll) of the secondary pressure chamber is corrected.

1. A method for converting lignocellulosic biomass material to a carboxylic acid comprising the step of contacting the lignocellulosic biomass material with a microbial culture for a period of time at an initial temperature and an initial pH, thereby producing an amount of a carboxylic acid; wherein the microbial culture comprises an extremely thermophilic bacteria strain of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor, wherein the strain is selected from the group consisting of Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB041C, deposited as DSM 25771, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB087C, deposited as DSM 25772, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB103C, deposited as DSM 25773, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB104C, deposited as DSM 25774, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB107C, deposited as DSM 25775, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB101C, deposited as DSM 25178 and Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB004C, deposited as DSM 25177, and wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material is converted in a single step process as part of a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) system.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the period of time is 10 hours to 300 hours.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the period of time is 50 hours to 200 hours, 80 hours to 160 hours.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the initial temperature is in the range between 55\xb0 C. and 80\xb0 C., optionally between 72\xb0 C. and 78\xb0 C.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the initial pH is between 5 and 9, optionally between 6 and 8.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is lactic acid andor acetic acid, salts or esters thereof.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material is selected from the group consisting of grass, switch grass, cord grass, rye grass, reed canary grass, mixed prairie grass, miscanthus, sugar-methoding residues, sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane straw, agricultural wastes, rice straw, rice hulls, barley straw, corn cobs, cereal straw, wheat straw, canola straw, oat straw, oat hulls, corn fiber, stover, soybean stover, corn stover, forestry wastes, recycled wood pulp fiber, paper sludge, sawdust, hardwood, and softwood, pressmud from sugar beet, cotton stalk, banana leaves, and lignocellulosic biomass material obtained through processing of food plants.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said lignocellulosic biomass material is selected from the group consisting of corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, cotton stalks, switchgrass and.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said lignocellulosic biomass material is a grass or perennial grass, optionally miscanthus.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said lignocellulosic biomass material is subjected to mechanical, thermochemical, andor biochemical pretreatment.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein pretreating the lignocellulosic biomass material comprises exposing the lignocellulosic biomass to steam treatment.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein pretreating the lignocellulosic biomass material comprises mechanical commination and a subsequent treatment with sulfurous acid or its anhydride under heat and pressure with a sudden release of pressure.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein pretreating the lignocellulosic biomass comprises milling the lignocellulosic biomass.
14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass material is pretreated in addition with enzymes, preferably cellulose and hemicellulose degrading enzymes.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

I claim:

1. A chiral ligand that forms a catalyst providing enhanced enantiomeric selectivity in asymmetric reactions, having a structure selected from the group consisting of the enantiomers of the following formulas (I) through (IV):
12
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl, wherein any two of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be linked to each other to form a ring structure, wherein any two of R5, R6 or R7 may be linked to each other to form a ring structure, and wherein n is 1 or 2.
2. The chiral ligand of claim 1, wherein said ligand is complexed with a transition metal.
3. The chiral ligand of claim 2, wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and palladium.
4. The chiral ligand of claim 1, wherein said ligand is complexed with a transition metal catalyst precursor selected from the group consisting of Rh(cod)CI2, Rh(cod)2X, Ir(cod)CI2, Ir(cod)2X, Ru(cod)C2, where cod is 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and X is BF4, ClO4, SbF6, or CF3SO3.
5. The chiral ligand of claim 1, wherein said ligand is complexed with a transition metal catalyst precursor selected from the group consisting of RuCI2(PPh3)3, RuHCI(PPh3)3, RuX2(PR3)3, RuHX(PR3)3, RuX2, wherein X is halogen and R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group.
6. The chiral ligand of claim 1, wherein said ligand is selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (V) to (XI):
13
7. A chiral ligand that forms a catalyst providing enhanced enantiomeric selectivity in asymmetric reactions, said chiral ligand comprising a bis(oxazolinyl) amine.
8. A chiral ligand according to claim 1, wherein said chiral ligand is bis4-(R)-phenyloxazolin-2-yl-methylamine.
9. A process for making a catalyst providing enhanced enantiomeric selectivity in asymmetric reactions comprising reducing an imidate ester with a chiral alcohol to obtain the chiral ligand of claim 1.
10. A process according to claim 9 further comprising complexing said chiral ligand with a catalyst precursor comprising a transition metal.
11. A process for making a catalyst according to claim 10, wherein said catalyst precursor further comprises triphenylphosphine, and wherein said process for making the catalyst includes removing free triphenylphosphine released during complexation of the chiral ligand with the catalyst precursor.
12. A process for making a catalyst according to claim 10, wherein said catalyst precursor and said chiral ligand are refluxed with an alcohol at the reflux temperature of the alcohol.
13. A process for making a catalyst according to claim 10, wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and palladium.
14. A process for making a catalyst according to claim 10, wherein said catalyst precursor is selected from the group consisting of Rh(cod)CI2, Rh(cod)2X, Ir(cod)CI2, Ir(cod)2X, where cod is 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and X is BF4, ClO4, SbF6, or CF3SO3.
15. A process for making a catalyst according to claim 10, wherein said catalyst precursor is selected from the group consisting of RuCI2(PPh3)3, RuHCI(PPh3)3, RuX2(PR3)3, RuHX(PR3)3, RuX2, wherein X is halogen and R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group.
16. A method for enhancing the enantiomeric selectivity of a chemical reaction comprising contacting a substrate with a catalyst comprising the chiral ligand of claim 1.
17. A method according to claim 16, wherein said reaction is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation, hydride transfer reaction, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, hydrocarboxylation, ailylic alkylation, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Aldol reaction, Heck reaction, Michael addition and rearrangement.
18. A method according to claim 17, wherein said reaction is a transfer hydrogenation and said substrate is a ketone or an imine.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the contacting of the substrate with the catalyst further comprises contacting said substrate and said catalyst with a base and wherein the molar ratio of said base to said catalyst is between 0.5 and 2.0.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said molar ratio is approximately 1.0.