Author: claimsbot

1. A hydrated crystalline form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at values of two theta of 7.25\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 8.53\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 10.46\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 11.05\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 11.71\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 14.76\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 15.30\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 16.67\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 17.32\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 19.10\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 19.57\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 21.24\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 21.84\xb0\xb10.1\xb0 and 22.46\xb0\xb10.1\xb0.
2. A higher hydrated crystalline form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at values of two theta of 3.89\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 6.55\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 7.76\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 8.55\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 9.70\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 10.56\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 14.76\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 15.57\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 18.30\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 18.95\xb0\xb10.1\xb0 and 22.74\xb0\xb10.1\xb0.
3. A higher hydrated crystalline form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at values of two theta of 3.89\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 6.55\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 7.76\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 8.55\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 9.70\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 10.56\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 14.76\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 15.06\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 15.57\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 16.49\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 17.51\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 18.30\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 18.95\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 21.73\xb0\xb10.1\xb0 and 22.74\xb0\xb10.1\xb0.
4. A solvated crystalline form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the solid state infrared spectrum at a position within the ranges of 1661-1673 cm\u22121, 1645-1653 cm\u22121 and 1619-1629 cm\u22121.
5. A desolvated crystalline form of lopinavir with at least one characteristic peak in the solid state infrared spectrum at a position within the range 1655-1662 cm\u22121.
6. A desolvated crystalline form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the solid state infrared spectrum at a position within the ranges of 1655-1662 cm\u22121 and 1636-1647 cm\u22121.
7. A desolvated crystal form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at values of two theta of 4.85\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 6.39\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 7.32\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 8.81\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 12.20\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 12.81\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 14.77\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 16.45\xb0\xb10.1\xb0 and 17.70\xb0\xb10.1\xb0.
8. A desolvated crystal form of lopinavir with characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at values of two theta of 4.85\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 6.39\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 7.32\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 8.81\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 12.20\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 12.81\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 14.77\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 16.45\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 17.70\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 18.70\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 20.68\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 20.92\xb0\xb10.1\xb0, 22.06\xb0\xb10.1\xb0 and 22.76\xb0\xb10.1\xb0.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process for separating acetaldehyde from methyl iodide by distillation, comprising the steps of:
Distilling a mixture comprising methyl iodide and acetaldehyde in a distillation apparatus to produce an overhead and a residuum;
Measuring the density of said overhead; and
Adjusting at least one process variable associated with said distillation apparatus in response to said measured density or a relative concentration calculated therefrom, said process variable being selected from the group consisting of heating rate, column pressure, feed composition, reflux composition and reflux ratio:
2. A process for separating acetaldehyde from methyl iodide, comprising the steps of:
Distilling a mixture comprising methyl iodide and acetaldehyde in a distillation apparatus to produce an overhead and a residuum;
Extracting the overhead with water to provide an aqueous extract and a raffinate;
Measuring the density of at least one of said overhead, said extract and said raffinate; and
Adjusting at least one process variable associated with said distillation apparatus or said extraction step in response to said measured density or a relative concentration calculated therefrom, said process variable being selected from the group consisting of a rate of heating said distillation apparatus, column pressure in said distillation apparatus, composition of the feed or reflux to said distillation apparatus, reflux ratio in said distillation apparatus, water feed rate to said extraction step, and combinations thereof.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein the density of the overhead is measured and the heating rate or reflux ratio is adjusted in response to said density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
4. The process of claim 2, wherein the density of the overhead is measured and the heating rate is adjusted in response to said density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein the density of the extract is measured and the water feed rate to said extraction step is adjusted in response to said density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
6. The process of claim 2, wherein the density of the raffinate is measured and the water feed rate to said extraction step is adjusted in response to said density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
7. A process for producing acetic acid comprising the steps of:
Reacting methanol with carbon monoxide in a reaction medium comprising water, methyl iodide, and methyl acetate in the presence of a catalyst;
Separating the products of said reaction into a volatile product phase comprising acetic acid, and a less volatile phase;
Distilling said volatile phase in a distillation apparatus to yield a purified acetic acid product and a first overhead comprising methyl iodide and acetaldehyde;
Condensing at least a portion of said first overhead;
Measuring the density of said condensed first overhead; and
Adjusting at least one process control parameter associated with the distillation of said volatile phase in response to said measured density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
8. The process of claim 7, wherein the purified acetic acid product contains less than about 400 parts per million by weight of propionic acid.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the purified acetic acid product contains less than about 250 parts per million by weight of propionic acid.
10. The process of claim 7, wherein said at least one process control parameter is selected from the group consisting of a rate of heating said distillation apparatus, a composition of the feed or reflux to a column in said distillation apparatus, a reflux ratio in said distillation apparatus, a column pressure in said distillation apparatus, and combinations thereof.
11. The process of claim 7, wherein said distilling step comprises at least two successive distillations, said process further comprising the step of supplying at least a portion of a residuum from one of said distillations as a reflux stream in another of said distillations, wherein the proportion of said residuum supplied as reflux is adjusted in response to said measured density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
12. The process of claim 7, further comprising the step of extracting said condensed first overhead with water to produce a raffinate comprising methyl iodide.
13. The process of claim 10, wherein the flow rate of water associated with said extraction step is adjusted in response to said measured density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
14. The process of claim 10, further comprising mixing at least a portion of said raffinate with a feed or overhead stream associated with said distillation apparatus, wherein the fraction of said raffinate that is mixed with the feed or overhead stream is adjusted in response to said measured density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
15. A process for producing acetic acid comprising the steps of:
Reacting methanol with carbon monoxide in a reaction medium comprising water, and methyl iodide in the presence of a catalyst;
Performing a liquid-vapor separation of said reaction medium to provide a vapor phase comprising acetic acid, methyl iodide, acetaldehyde and water and a liquid phase;
Distilling said vapor phase in a distillation apparatus to produce a purified acetic acid product and at least a first overhead comprising acetaldehyde and methyl iodide;
Condensing said first overhead;
Extracting said first overhead with water to produce a raffinate comprising methyl iodide and an aqueous extract;
Measuring the density of at least one stream selected from the group consisting of said first overhead, said raffinate and said aqueous extract; and
Adjusting at least one process control parameter associated with either the distillation of said vapor phase or the extraction of said first overhead in response to said measured density or a concentration calculated therefrom.
16. The process of claim 15, wherein said at least one process control parameter is selected from the group consisting of a rate of heating said distillation apparatus, a composition of a feed or reflux stream associated with a column in said distillation apparatus, a reflux ratio in said distillation apparatus, a pressure in said distillation apparatus, a water feed rate to said extraction step, and combinations thereof.
17. The process of claim 15, further comprising maintaining the concentration of propionic acid in said acetic acid product below about 400 parts per million by weight.
18. The process of claim 17, further comprising maintaining the concentration of propionic acid in said acetic acid product below about 250 parts per million by weight.

1. A method of electronic commerce wherein a user is engaged with a primary offer of a vendor that includes a purchase price, comprising:
presenting, from a facilitator to a mobile device for display, the primary offer of the vendor;
presenting, from the facilitator to a mobile device for display, alternate payment offers, wherein fulfillment of any one of the alternate offers which were presented entitles the user to receive the primary offer;
establishing, via a server, a credit for the primary offer to be paid by the facilitator to the vendor, the credit including a fixed cost related to a retail cost and a variable portion determined when one of the alternate offers is fulfilled;
receiving, at the server, an indication of the user’s fulfillment of one of the alternate offers; and
paying the credit from the facilitator to the vendor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the credit for the primary offer is not disclosed to the user.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the credit is more than the purchase price.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the user’s fulfillment entitles the user to receive the primary offering independent of the purchase price.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the presenting of alternate payment offers includes selecting one or more offers to present based at least in part on the credit.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the purchase price is not disclosed to a server-based payment facility prior to the server-based payment facility calculating the credit.
7. A computer-implemented method of electronic commerce, comprising:
presenting, from a server to a mobile device of a user for display, an electronic commerce primary offering of a vendor;
receiving at the server a request to present one or more offers to the user on the mobile device to fulfill the electronic commerce primary offering, wherein the electronic commerce primary offering includes a purchase price and a vendor credit, wherein the vendor credit is not disclosed to the user, and wherein the vendor credit includes a fixed cost determined before one of the offers is fulfilled and a variable portion determined when one of the offers is fulfilled;
receiving at the server a selection of one or more of the offers that facilitate user acceptance from a memory accessible by the server;
presenting, to the mobile device for display, the one or more offers which were selected; and
paying the vendor credit to the vendor in fulfillment of the electronic commerce primary offering in response to the user acceptance of one of the one or more offers which were presented.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the user acceptance entitles the user to receive the primary offering independent of the purchase price and the vendor credit.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the vendor credit is independent of the purchase price.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the vendor credit is greater than the purchase price.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein user acceptance of one of the one or more offers which were presented results in the user receiving the electronic commerce primary offering before a primary offeror of the primary offering receives the vendor credit.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the selecting one or more of the offers is based at least in part on the vendor credit and not on the purchase price.
13. The method of claim 7, wherein committing to pay the vendor credit is performed by a server-based payment facility independent of the purchase price.
14. A system comprising a memory and a processor configured to provide:
an electronic commerce platform for receiving a request to present a plurality of offers to a mobile device of a user to fulfill a primary offering of a vendor that includes a purchase price and a vendor credit, wherein the vendor credit is not disclosed to the user;
an offer selection facility for selecting one or more of the plurality of offers that facilitate user acceptance from a memory accessible by the offer selection facility;
an offer display facility for presenting the one or more of the plurality of offers which were selected to the mobile device;
a secondary transaction facility for receiving a user acceptance of one of the one or more of the plurality of offers which were presented; and
a payment module for processing a payment of the vendor credit to the vendor in fulfillment of the primary offering in response to the user acceptance, the vendor credit including a fixed cost determined before the user acceptance and a variable portion determined upon the user acceptance.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the user acceptance entitles the user to receive the primary offering independent of the purchase price and the vendor credit.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the vendor credit is independent of the purchase price.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the vendor credit is greater than the purchase price.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein the payment module is further for receiving a merchant payout and using a portion of the merchant payout to pay the vendor credit.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the merchant payout is independent of the purchase price.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the purchase price is not disclosed to the payment module.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An aircraft cooling system comprises:
a refrigerant cycle, said refrigerant cycle including a first heat exchanger;
a liquid cycle, said liquid cycle passing a liquid through said first heat exchanger, at which it is cooled by a refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle;
an air cycle for compressing air and delivering compressed air into a second heat exchanger, and liquid passing through said second heat exchanger at a location downstream of said first heat exchanger, and the liquid for cooling the air in said second heat exchanger, air downstream of said second heat exchanger passing to be utilized by an air use on an aircraft.
2. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein a liquid supply line branches to at least two destinations downstream of said first heat exchanger, with one branch passing through said second heat exchanger, and another branch passing to a liquid use for cool liquid.
3. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein said air cycle includes a third heat exchanger downstream of said second heat exchanger, and a portion of the liquid which is not delivered to said second heat exchanger passing through said third heat exchanger prior to passing to the liquid use.
4. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said air cycle includes a turbine downstream of said second heat exchanger, and air having been cooled in said second heat exchanger driving said turbine to expand the air, and at least partially power said compressor.
5. The system as set forth in claim 4, wherein a water extractor is positioned downstream of said second heat exchanger, and upstream of said turbine.
6. The system as set forth in claim 5, wherein a liquid supply line branches to at least two destinations downstream of said first heat exchanger, with one branch passing through said second heat exchanger, and another branch passing to a liquid use for cool liquid.
7. The system as set forth in claim 6, wherein said air cycle includes a third heat exchanger downstream of said second heat exchanger, and a portion of the liquid which is not delivered to said second heat exchanger passing through said third heat exchanger prior to passing to the liquid use.
8. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said refrigerant cycle is a vapor refrigerant cycle.
9. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said air cycle includes at least two compressors for delivering compressed air to the second heat exchanger.
10. A combined system for providing cooling fluids to an aircraft comprising:
a vapor cycle, said vapor cycle including a condenser receiving a compressed refrigerant from a compressor, and an expansion device downstream of said condenser, refrigerant passing from said condenser to said expansion device and into an evaporator;
a liquid cycle, said liquid cycle passing through said evaporator to be cooled by the refrigerant in said evaporator, a first portion of the liquid then passing to an air moisture condensing heat exchanger, and a second portion of the liquid branching to a liquid use, wherein the cooled liquid is utilized to cool components; and
an air cycle including a compressor receiving air from an outside source and compressing the air, the compressed air being delivered through a first heat exchanger, wherein heat is exchanged from the compressed air to an outside environment, and air having passed through said first heat exchanger passing through said air moisture condensing heat exchanger at which it is further cooled by the liquid, and air from said air moisture condensing heat exchanger passing through a turbine to drive said turbine, and at least partially drive said compressor, air from said turbine passing to an enclosed space for use of a cooled air.
11. The system as set forth in claim 10, wherein said second portion of liquid passing through an intermediate heat exchanger, and then to the liquid load, and air downstream of said turbine passing through said intermediate heat exchanger.
12. The system as set forth in claim 10, wherein said enclosed space includes providing air into a passenger cabin, and providing cooling air for electronic components.
13. The system as set forth in claim 10, wherein a second compressor also delivers air into the first heat exchanger.