Author: claimsbot

1. A flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller, comprising
a first power source;
a second power source;
a thermal electric andor photoelectric device that charges the first power source when the thermal electric andor photoelectric device is exposed to a flame;
an igniter; and
a controller;
wherein the controller and the igniter receive power from the first power source when the first power source has sufficient available power, and the controller and the igniter receive power from the second power source when the first power source does not have sufficient available power.
2. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the first power source includes a capacitor.
3. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the first power source includes a battery.
4. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller is installed in an appliance, and the second power source is pre-charged prior to installation of the appliance at a customer site.
5. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 4, wherein the second power source includes a battery.
6. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 4, wherein the second power source includes a capacitor.
7. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 4, wherein the second power source is rechargeable by the thermal electric andor photoelectric device.
8. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the second power source is removably coupled to the flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller.
9. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the second power source includes an AC to DC converter.
10. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the second power source includes a hand powered electrical generator.
11. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, wherein the flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller services a burner assembly having a pilot flame burner and a main burner, and wherein the burner assembly does not provide a user with ready access to the pilot flame burner or the main burner.
12. The flame powered intermittent pilot combustion controller of claim 1, further comprising a momentary switch coupled to the second power source, wherein activation of the momentary switch by a user causes the controller to receive power from the second power source and to initiate a pilot flame by commanding a gas valve to provide gas to a burner assembly and by activating the igniter to ignite the pilot flame in the burner assembly.
13. A gas-powered appliance having an intermittent pilot ignition system, comprising:
a power source;
a burner assembly having an intermittent pilot flame, the burner assembly including a spark igniter;
a rechargeable energy storage device, wherein the rechargeable energy storage device is configured to be charged using energy generated by a thermal electric andor photoelectric device associated with the burner assembly;
a controller coupled to the power source, the rechargeable energy storage device and the spark igniter of the burner assembly, wherein the controller initiates ignition of the pilot flame using the power source when the energy stored in the rechargeable energy storage device is below a threshold level, and uses energy from the rechargeable energy storage device when the energy stored in the rechargeable energy storage device is above the threshold level.
14. The gas-powered appliance of claim 13, wherein the power source is pre-charged prior to installation of the gas-powered appliance at a customer site.
15. The gas-powered appliance of claim 13, wherein the power source is removably coupled to the gas-powered appliance.
16. The gas-powered appliance of claim 15, wherein the power source includes an AC line adapter.
17. The gas-powered appliance of claim 13, wherein the power source includes a battery.
18. The gas-powered appliance of claim 13, wherein the power source is rechargeable using energy received from the thermal electric andor photoelectric device associated with the burner assembly.
19. The gas-powered appliance of claim 13, further comprising a momentary switch, wherein the controller initiates the ignition of the pilot flame in response to a user pressing the momentary switch.
20. A method of igniting a pilot flame of a gas-powered appliance having a flame powered intermittent pilot ignition system for a first time after installation andor after an extended duration of disuse, comprising:
using power from a first energy storage device to ignite the pilot flame of the gas-powered appliance for a first time after installation of the gas-powered appliance; and
using power from a second energy storage device, which is different from the first energy storage device, to ignite the pilot flame of the gas-powered appliance during subsequent operation of the gas-powered appliance.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first energy storage device is a pre-charged capacitor, a pre-charged battery, a line voltage, andor a hand powered generator.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving an ignition command from a user via a momentary switch to ignite the pilot flame of the gas-powered appliance for the first time after installation of the gas-powered appliance.
23. The method of claim 20 further comprising:
charging the second energy storage device from a thermal electric andor photoelectric device that is exposed to the pilot flame during subsequent operation of the gas-powered appliance.
24. The method of claim 18 further comprising:
using power from a first energy storage device to ignite the pilot flame of the gas-powered appliance during subsequent operation of the gas-powered appliance when the energy stored in the second energy storage device is below a specified threshold.
25. A flame powered intermittent pilot combustion control system for a gas-fired appliance, the system comprising:
a pre-charged power source;
a burner assembly having an inaccessible combustion chamber;
a thermal electric andor photoelectric device that directly andor indirectly charges the pre-charged power source when the thermal electric andor photoelectric device is exposed to a flame within the burner assembly;
an igniter receiving power from the pre-charged power source, the igniter for igniting a flame in the burner assembly; and
a controller, wherein the controller and the igniter receive power from the pre-charged power source for igniting a flame in the burner assembly for a first time after installation andor an extended duration of disuse, and during subsequent operation of the gas-fired appliance.
26. The system of claim 23, further comprising a second power source separate from the pre-charged power source, wherein the controller and the igniter receive power from the pre-charged power source when the pre-charged power source has sufficient available power, and the controller and the igniter receive power from the second power source when the pre-charged power source does not have sufficient available power.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An optical film having retardations satisfying relations (1) to (3):
0\u2266Re(550)\u226610; \u2003\u2003(1)

\u221225\u2266Rth(550)\u226625; and \u2003\u2003(2)

|I|+|II|+|III|+|IV|>0.5 (nm), \u2003\u2003(3)

with definitions:
I=Re(450)\u2212Re(550);

II=Re(650)\u2212Re(550);

III=Rth(450)\u2212Rth(550); and

IV=Rth(650)\u2212Rth(550),

wherein Re(450), Re(550) and Re(650) are in-plane retardations measured with lights of wavelength of 450, 550 and 650 nm, respectively; and Rth(450), Rth(550) and Rth(650) are retardations in a thickness direction of the optical film, which are measured with lights of wavelength of 450, 550 and 650 nm, respectively.
2. The optical film according to claim 1, wherein I, II, III and IV satisfy relations (4-A) to (7-A):
\u221250\u2266I\u22660; \u2003\u2003(4-A)

0\u2266II\u226650; \u2003\u2003(5-A)

\u221250\u2266III<0; and \u2003\u2003(6-A)

0<IV\u226650. \u2003\u2003(7-A)
3. The optical film according to claim 1, wherein I, II, III and IV satisfy relations (4-B) to (7-B):
\u221250\u2266I<0; \u2003\u2003(4-B)

0<II\u226650; \u2003\u2003(5-B)

0\u2266III\u226650; and \u2003\u2003(6-B)

\u221250\u2266IV\u22660. \u2003\u2003(7-B)
4. The optical film according to claim 1, wherein I, II, III and IV satisfy relations (4-C) to (7-C):
0\u2266I\u226650; \u2003\u2003(4-C)

\u221250\u2266II\u22660; \u2003\u2003(5-C)

0<III\u226650; and \u2003\u2003(6-C)

\u221250\u2266IV<0. \u2003\u2003(7-C)
5. The optical film according to claim 1, wherein I, II, III and IV satisfy relations (4-D) to (7-D):
0<I\u226650; \u2003\u2003(4-D)

\u221250\u2266II<0; \u2003\u2003(5-D)

\u221250\u2266III\u22660; and \u2003\u2003(6-D)

0\u2266IV\u226650. \u2003\u2003(7-D)
6. The optical film according to claim 1, which is formed from a cellulose acylate a raw material polymer of the optical film.
7. The optical film according to claim 6, wherein the cellulose acylate has an acyl substituent, the acyl substituent is substantially only an acetyl group, and a total substitution degree of the acyl substituent is from 2.56 to 3.00.
8. The optical film according to claim 6, wherein the cellulose acylate has an acyl substituent, the acyl substituent is substantially at least two of acetyl group, propionyl group and butanoyl group, and a total substitution degree of the acyl substituent is from 2.50 to 3.00.
9. The optical film according to claim 1, which comprises a compound capable of reducing Rth(550) within a range satisfying relations (8) and (9):
(Rth(A)\u2212Rth(0))A\u2266\u22121.0; and \u2003\u2003(8)

0.01\u2266A\u226630, \u2003\u2003(9)

wherein:
Rth(A) means Rth(nm) at 550 nm of the optical film containing the compound capable of reducing Rth(550) by A %;
Rth(0) means Rth(nm) at 550 nm of the optical film not containing the compound capable of reducing Rth(550); and
A means a weight % of the compound capable of reducing Rth(550) with respect to a weight of a raw material polymer of the optical film, which is taken as 100.
10. The optical film according to claim 1, which comprises a compound capable of increasing \u0394Rth, which is represented by a relation (10), within a range satisfying relations (11) and (12):
\u0394Rth=Rth(450)\u2212Rth(650); \u2003\u2003(10)

(\u0394Rth(B)\u2212\u0394Rth(0))B\u22671.0; and \u2003\u2003(11)

0.01\u2266B\u226630, \u2003\u2003(12)

wherein:
\u0394Rth(B) means \u0394Rth(nm) of the optical film containing the compound capable of increasing \u0394Rth by B %;
\u0394Rth(0) means \u0394Rth(nm) of thje optical film not containing the compound capable of increasing \u0394Rth; and
B means a weight (%) of the compound capable of increasing \u0394Rth with respect to a weight of a raw material polymer of the optical film, which is taken as 100.
11. The optical film according to claim 1, which has a thickness of 20 to 200 \u03bcm.
12. An optical compensation film comprising: an optical film according to claim 1; and an optically anisotropic layer satisfying relations (13) and (14):
0\u2266Re\u2266400;and \u2003\u2003(13)

\u2212400\u2266Rth\u2266400, \u2003\u2003(14)

wherein Re and Rth are an in-plane retardation and a retardation in a thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer, respectively, which are measured with a light having a wavelength within a visible region.
13. A polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and an optical film according to claim 1.
14. A liquid crystal display comprising an optical film according to claim 1.
15. A liquid crystal display comprising: an optical film according to claim 1; and an optically anisotropic layer satisfying relations (15) and (16):
0\u2266Re\u2266400; and \u2003\u2003(15)

\u2212400\u2266Rth\u2266400, \u2003\u2003(16)

wherein Re and Rth are an in-plane retardation and a retardation in a thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer, respectively, which are measured with a light having a wavelength within a visible region.
16. The liquid crystal display according to claim 14, which further comprises a liquid crystal cell containing liquid crystal molecules aligned in one of a vertical alignment, a parallel alignment and a bent alignment in a black display state of the liquid crystal display.
17. The liquid crystal display according to claim 16, wherein the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the vertical alignment in the black display state, and the liquid crystal display comprises an optically anisotropic layer, the optically anisotropic layer including a layer satisfying relations (17) and (18):
10\u2266Re\u2266150; and \u2003\u2003(17)

50\u2266Rth\u2266400, \u2003\u2003(18)

wherein Re and Rth are an in-plane retardation and a retardation in a thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer, respectively, which are measured with a light having a wavelength within a visible region.
18. The liquid crystal display according to claim 16, wherein the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the parallel alignment in the black display state, and the liquid crystal display comprises an optically anisotropic layer, the optically anisotropic layer including a layer satisfying any one of relations from (19) to (22):
100\u2266Re\u2266400, and \u221250\u2266Rth\u226650; \u2003\u2003(19)

0\u2266Re\u226620, and \u2212400\u2266Rth\u2266\u221250; \u2003\u2003(20)

60\u2266Re\u2266200, and 20\u2266Rth\u2266120; and \u2003\u2003(21)

30\u2266Re\u2266150, and 100\u2266Rth\u2266400, \u2003\u2003(22)

wherein Re and Rth are an in-plane retardation and a retardation in a thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer, respectively, which are measured with a light having a wavelength within a visible region.
19. The liquid crystal display according to claim 16, wherein the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the bent alignment in the black display state, and the liquid crystal display comprises an optically anisotropic layer, the optically anisotropic layer including a layer containing a discotic liquid crystal compound.

1. A method for processing a substrate, the method comprising
positioning a chuck above a first surface region of a substrate, wherein the chuck is levitated using a magnetic force;
forming a layer of gas between a bottom surface of the chuck and the first surface region of the substrate; and
applying a fluid on a second region of the substrate, wherein the second region is different from the first surface region.
2. The method as in claim 1 further comprising
sealing an edge of the substrate.
3. The method as in claim 1 further comprising
lowering the chuck onto the first surface region of the substrate.
4. The method as in claim 1 further comprising
controlling a magnitude of the magnetic force between the chuck and the first surface region of the substrate to achieve a separation distance between the bottom surface of the chuck and the first surface region of the substrate.
5. The method as in claim 1 further comprising
adjusting a gas flow or a gas flow path conductance to achieve a gas pressure of the layer of gas.
6. The method as in claim 1 further comprising:
measuring a gas pressure between the bottom of the chuck and the first surface region; and
dynamically regulating the gas flow to achieve a gas pressure of the layer of gas.
7. The method as in claim 1 further comprising at least one of
cleaning the second region of the substrate; or
wet etching the second region of the substrate.
8. The method as in claim 1 further comprising
submerging the substrate in a fluid tank with the first surface region protected by the layer of gas between the chuck and the first surface region.
9. The method as in claim 1 further comprising
regulating the layer of gas to either generate gas bubbles flowing to the fluid outside the first surface region or to generate fluid bubbles flowing toward the gas layer.
10. A chuck comprising
a bottom surface;
a first gas conduit terminating at the bottom surface;
a second gas conduit terminating at the bottom surface; and
a magnetic material disposed in the chuck,
wherein the magnetic material is configured to levitate the chuck above a surface region of the substrate by magnetic repulsion.
11. The chuck of claim 10 wherein the magnetic material comprises a magnet or a diamagnetic material.
12. The chuck of claim 10 wherein the first gas conduit comprises a plurality of gas outlets disposed in a periphery of a recessed area of the bottom surface of the chuck.
13. The chuck of claim 10 wherein the second conduit comprises a recessed ring surrounding a periphery of the bottom surface of the chuck.
14. The chuck of claim 10 further comprising
a pressure gauge coupled to the bottom surface of the chuck to measure a gas pressure.
15. The chuck of claim 10 further comprising
a restricting valve coupled to the second gas conduit to regulate a flow resistance of the second gas conduit.
16. A combinatorial processing system comprising
a chuck comprising a first gas conduit and second gas conduit, wherein each of the gas conduits is operable to provide a gas flow across a bottom surface of the chuck;
a first magnetic material disposed in the chuck; and

a substrate support comprising a second magnetic material,
wherein the first and second magnetic materials are configured to generate magnetic repulsion to levitate the chuck above the substrate support.
17. The combinatorial processing system of claim 16 wherein the first or second magnetic material comprises a magnet or a diamagnetic material.
18. The combinatorial processing system of claim 16 further comprising
a gas flow controller coupled to the first gas conduit to regulate the gas flow.
19. The combinatorial processing system of claim 16 further comprising
a pressure gauge coupled to either the first gas conduit or second gas conduit to measure a gas pressure.
20. The combinatorial processing system of claim 16 further comprising
a gas flow controller coupled to the first gas conduit to regulate the gas flow;
a pressure gauge coupled to either the first gas conduit or second gas conduit to measure a gas pressure; and
a controller to regulate the gas flow utilizing inputs from the pressure gauge.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A Self-Service Terminal (SST), comprising:
a fascia panel comprising a panel portion having a circular arc-shaped cross-section and at least one panel aperture; and
at least one media transfer device comprising an outer body portion having a circular arc-shaped cross-section, proximate to and spaced apart from the panel portion, and at least one body aperture; wherein
the body portion is rotatable with respect to the curved panel portion to selectively reveal the body aperture through the panel aperture; and wherein
the media transfer device comprises a drum element comprising a substantially hollow cylindrical body closed at a first and further end thereof and rotatable about a respective longitudinal axis of rotation, said outer body portion comprising a region of the outer surface of the cylindrical body, the outer body portion comprises at least two further body apertures and at least item support surface wherein the two further body apertures are aligned when the drum element is at a still further rotation position to thereby provide an item pathway from said panel aperture to a pair of opposed grip rollers of the SST.
2. The SST as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
the media transfer device comprises a card reader housing supporting a user card reader device, and a front panel secured to the housing comprising said outer body portion, said housing being rotatable about a respective axis of rotation to rotate the outer body portion therewith.
3. The SST as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
the panel portion and said body portion are manufactured from a tamper resistant material, wherein when the body aperture of the media transfer device is not aligned with the panel aperture, a remainder region of the outer body portion closes the panel aperture to unauthorized access.
4. The SST as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
when the at least one media transfer device comprises a plurality of media transfer devices, each media transfer device is arranged to rotate together andor separately about a common axis of rotation, said common axis comprising a centre of an imaginary circle including the circular arc of each respective body portion.
5. The SST as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
the transfer device further comprises a pair of opposed clamping elements supported in the cylindrical body that move apart and close together as the drum element is rotated to receive items of media therebetween when apart at at least one rotation position and present items of media from therebetween when apart and aligned with said panel aperture at a further rotation position.
6. The SST as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:
the opposed clamping elements are locatable together towards said panel aperture when the drum element is at said further rotation position.
7. The SST as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:
the opposed clamping elements comprise a pair of clamp plates that are secured together at respective first ends thereof and open and close at respective further ends thereof automatically as the drum member rotates.
8. The SST as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SST is an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and each item of media comprises a currency note.