Author: claimsbot

1. A reusable bag system comprising:
a body of at least two totes;
at least one tote being a top tote and at least one tote being a bottom tote;
each tote individually having a closed bottom, two opposed and substantially identical first sidewalls and two opposed and substantially identical second sidewalls, the bottom being bound to each sidewall along a bottom edge, and the body defining an interior having a top opening;
a hard full-wall board embedded in at least one of the two first sidewalls;
a rigid removable insert for the bottom tote, wherein seated within the interior of the bottom tote and supported by at least one second sidewall and the bottom, comprised of at least one flap of similar shape and dimension to at least one second sidewall and a panel of similar shape and dimension to the bottom, which enables the bottom tote to be a rigid structure, wherein moving the rigid removable insert away from the second sidewall and bottom enables the bottom tote to be collapsed;
a rigid removable insert for the top tote, wherein seated within the interior of the top tote and supported by at least one second sidewall and the bottom, comprised of at least one flap of similar shape and dimension to at least one second sidewall and a panel of similar shape and dimension to the bottom which enables the top tote to be a rigid structure, wherein seating the rigid removable insert in the interior of the top tote also enables the top tote to be stacked vertically in the interior of the bottom tote, wherein the top tote is partly suspended within the interior of the bottom tote at a predetermined height by frictional contact created when the exterior sidewalls of the top tote come in contact with the interior sidewalls of the bottom tote, wherein the frictional contact between the top and bottom totes is achieved by the dimensions of the bottom of the top tote being equal in dimension to an area between the top and bottom edges of the bottom tote, wherein moving the rigid removable insert away from the second sidewall and bottom enables the top tote to be collapsed.
2. The reusable bag system of claim 1 wherein the body is two totes.
3. The reusable bag system of claim 2 wherein the body is a top tote and a bottom tote.
4. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each top and bottom tote has one set of two first sidewalls and one set of two second sidewalls that are affixed to a bottom and extend away from the bottom in substantially the same direction.
5. The reusable bag system of claim 4 wherein each first sidewall forms a full-wall pocket to receive one full-wall board.
6. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each has a rectangular top edge in a substantially horizontal plane.
7. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each sidewalls that are bound to adjacent sidewalls along a vertical edge and each sidewall is attached with respect to the bottom along a bottom edge whereby each tote has an integral body that can be erected or collapsed.
8. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each further comprises a handle on at least one sidewall.
9. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each has a rigid insert that can be removed from the interior of the tote body.
10. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each has at least one means to secure the removable rigid insert on at least one sidewall of the interior of each tote.
11. The reusable bag system of claim 10 wherein the rigid removable insert seated in the interior of the body creates an erect structure.
12. The reusable bag system of claim 3 wherein each is stacked vertically and the top tote partially suspended within the interior of the bottom tote and said top tote is both a top and bottom tote and said bottom tote is both a top and bottom tote when in a stacked state and is both suspended in the interior of a bottom tote and receiving the bottom of a top tote.
13. A reusable bag system comprising:
a body of two totes;
a top tote and a bottom tote;
each tote individually having a closed bottom, two opposed and substantially identical first sidewalls and two opposed and substantially identical second sidewalls, the bottom being bound to each sidewall along a bottom edge, and the body defining an interior having a top opening;
each tote individually having a hard full-wall board embedded in each of the two first sidewalls;
a rigid removable insert for the bottom tote, wherein seated within the interior of the bottom tote and supported by the two second sidewalls and the bottom, comprised of two flaps of similar shape and dimension of the two second sidewalls and a panel of similar shape and dimension of the bottom, which enables the bottom tote to be a rigid structure, wherein moving the rigid removable insert away from the two second sidewalls and bottom enables the bottom tote to be collapsed;
a rigid removable insert for the top tote, wherein seated within the interior of the top tote and supported by the two second sidewalls and the bottom, comprised of two flaps of similar shape and dimension of the two second sidewalls and a panel of similar shape and dimension of the bottom, which enables the top tote to be a rigid structure, wherein seating the rigid removable insert in the interior of the top tote also enables the top tote to be stacked vertically in the interior of the bottom tote, wherein the top tote is partly suspended within the interior of the bottom tote at a predetermined height by frictional contact created when the exterior sidewalls of the top tote come in contact with the interior sidewalls of the bottom tote, wherein the frictional contact between the top and bottom totes is achieved by the dimensions of the bottom of the top tote being equal in dimension to an area between the top and bottom edges of the bottom tote, wherein moving the rigid removable insert away from the two sidewalls and the bottom of the top tote enables the top tote to be collapsed.
14. The reusable bag system of claim 13 wherein a full-wall board is embedded in each of the first sidewalls.
15. The reusable bag system of claim 13 wherein a rigid removable insert for the bottom tote has two flaps of similar shape and dimension of the two second sidewalls and a panel of similar shape and dimension of the bottom, the rigid removable insert when seated in the interior of the bottom tote enables the bottom tote to be a rigid structure, wherein moving the rigid removable insert away from the two second sidewalls and bottom enables the bottom tote to be collapsed.
16. The reusable bag system of claim 13 wherein a rigid removable insert for the top tote has two flaps of similar shape and dimension of the two second sidewalls and a panel of similar shape and dimension of the bottom; the rigid removable insert wherein seated in the interior of the top tote enables the top tote to be a rigid structure, wherein seating the rigid removable insert in the interior of the top tote also enables the top tote to be stacked vertically in the interior of the bottom tote, wherein the top tote is partly suspended within the interior of the bottom tote at a predetermined height by frictional contact created when the exterior sidewalls of the top tote come in contact with the interior sidewalls of the bottom tote, wherein the frictional contact between the top and bottom totes is achieved by the dimensions of the bottom of the top tote being equal in dimension to an area between the top and bottom edges of the bottom tote, wherein moving the rigid removable insert away from the two sidewalls and the bottom of the top tote enables the top tote to be collapsed.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A rubber composition, comprising:
a rubber component; and
a hydrated silica having particles each provided with micropores with openings in the range of 1.2\xd7105 nm to 6 nm formed at outer surface of the particle,
wherein in measurement according to a mercury press-in method using a mercury porosimeter of the hydrated silica, provided that:
\u201cM1\u201d (nm) represents diameter of the opening exhibiting the maximum value of mercury charge rate when pressure is increased from 1 PSI to 32000 PSI;
\u201cM2\u201d (nm) represents diameter of the opening exhibiting the maximum value of mercury discharge rate when pressure is decreased from 32000 PSI to 1 PSI;
\u201cIB\u201d represents \u201cink bottle-shaped micropore index\u201d;
IB=M2\u2212M1 \u2003\u2003(X); and
\u201cCTAB\u201d (m2g) represents specific surface area by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorption,
IB and CTAB satisfy following formula (I).
IB\u2266\u22120.36\xd7CTAB+86.8 \u2003\u2003(I)
2. A rubber composition, comprising:
a rubber component; and
a hydrated silica having particles each provided with micropores with openings in the range of 1.2\xd7105 nm to 6 nm formed at outer surface of the particle,
wherein in measurement according to a mercury press-in method using a mercury porosimeter of the hydrated silica, provided that:
\u201cM1\u201d (nm) represents diameter of the opening exhibiting the maximum value of mercury charge rate when pressure is increased from 1 PSI to 32000 PSI;
\u201cM2\u201d (nm) represents diameter of the opening exhibiting the maximum value of mercury discharge rate when pressure is decreased from 32000 PSI to 1 PSI;
\u201cIB\u201d represents \u201cink bottle-shaped micropore index\u201d;
IB=M2\u2212M1 \u2003\u2003(X);
\u201cCTAB\u201d (m2g) represents specific surface area by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorption;
\u201cweight loss on ignition\u201d (mass %) represents weight loss when the hydrate silicate is heated at 750\xb0 C. for 3 hours; and
\u201cweight loss on heating\u201d (mass %) represents weight loss when the hydrate silicate is heated at 105\xb0 C. for 2 hours,
IB and CTAB satisfy following formula (I\u2032) and formula (II) and \u201cweight loss on ignition\u201d and \u201cweight loss on heating\u201d satisfy formula (III).
IB\u2266\u22120.56\xd7CTAB+110.4 (when CTAB\u2267140) \u2003\u2003(I\u2032)
IB\u2266\u22120.20\xd7CTAB+60.0 (when CTAB>140) \u2003\u2003(II)
(\u201cweight loss on ignition\u201d\u2212\u201cweight loss on heating\u201d)\u22672.5 (mass %) \u2003\u2003(III)
3. The rubber composition of claim 1, wherein specific surface area by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorption (CTAB) of the hydrated silica is in the range of 50 m2g to 300 m2g.
4. The rubber composition of claim 1, wherein the rubber component is made of natural rubber andor diene-based synthetic rubber, and 10 to 150 parts by mass of the hydrated silica is blended with 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
5. The rubber composition of claim 1, wherein 1 to 20 parts by mass of silane coupling agent may be blended with 100 parts by mass of the hydrated silica.
6. The rubber composition of claim 5, wherein the silane coupling agent is at least one type of compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by following formula (IV), a compound represented by following formula (V), a compound represented by following formula (VI), and a compound represented by following formula (VII).
AmB3\u2212mSi\u2014(CH2)a\u2014Sb\u2014(CH2)a\u2014SiAmB3\u2212m \u2003\u2003(IV)

In formula (IV), \u201cA\u201d represents CnH2n+1O (\u201cn\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 3) or chlorine atom, \u201cB\u201d represents C1-3 alkyl group, \u201cm\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 3, \u201ca\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 9, and \u201cb\u201d represents integer equal to or larger than 1. When m=1, \u201cB\u201ds may be of the same type or different types. When m=2 or 3, \u201cA\u201ds may be of the same type or different types.
AmB3\u2212mSi\u2014(CH2)c\u2014Y \u2003\u2003(V)
In formula (V), \u201cA\u201d represents CnH2n+1O (\u201cn\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 3) or chlorine atom, \u201cB\u201d represents C1-3 alkyl group, \u201cY\u201d represents mercapto, vinyl, amino, glycidoxy or epoxy group, \u201cm\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 3, and \u201cc\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 9. When m=1, \u201cB\u201ds may be of the same type or different types. When m=2 or 3, \u201cA\u201ds may be of the same type or different types.
AmB3\u2212mSi\u2014(CH2)a\u2014Sb\u2014Z \u2003\u2003(VI)
In formula (VI), \u201cA\u201d represents CnH2n+1O (\u201cn\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 3) or chlorine atom, \u201cB\u201d represents C1-3 alkyl group, \u201cZ\u201d represents benzothiazoryl, N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl or methacryloyl group, \u201cm\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 3, \u201ca\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 9, and \u201cb\u201d represents integer equal to or larger than 1. When m=1, \u201cB\u201ds may be of the same type or different types. When m=2 or 3, \u201cA\u201ds may be of the same type or different types.
R1xR2yR3zSi\u2014R4\u2014S\u2014CO\u2014R5 \u2003\u2003(VII)
In formula (VII), \u201cR1\u201d is selected from the group consisting of R6O\u2014, R6C(\u2550O)O\u2014, R6R7C\u2550NO\u2014, R6R7NO\u2014, R6R7N\u2014, and \u2014(OSiR6R7)n(OSiR5R6R7) and the number of carbon atoms of R1 is in the range of 1 to 18 (provided that R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl and aryl groups, the number of carbon atoms of R6 and R7 is in the range of 1 to 18, \u201cn\u201d is an integer in the range of 0 to 10); \u201cR2\u201d is selected from C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 cycloalkyl, C1-18 alkenyl, C1-18 cycloalkenyl and C1-18 aryl groups; \u201cR3\u201d is selected from \u2014O(R8O)m0.5\u2014 (provided that R8 is selected from C1-18 alkylene group and C1-18 cycloalkylene group and \u201cm\u201d represents integer in the range of 1 to 4); x, y and z satisfy equations including x+y+2z=3, 0\u2266x\u22663, 0\u2266y\u22662, and 0\u2266z\u22661; \u201cR4\u201d is selected from C1-18 alkylene, C1-18 cycloalkylene, C1-18 cycloalkylalkylene, C1-18 alkenylene, C1-18 arylene, and C1-18 aralkylene groups; and \u201cR5\u201d is selected from C1-18 alkyl, C1-18 cycloalkyl, C1-18 alkenyl, C1-18 cycloalkenyl, C1-18 aryl, and C1-18 aralkyl groups.
7. The rubber composition of claim 5, wherein 0 to 80 parts by mass of carbon black is blended with 100 parts by mass of the rubber component so that the total content of the hydrated silica and the carbon black is equal to or less than 120 parts by mass.
8. A pneumatic tire, comprising a component member employing the rubber composition of claim 1.

1. A method for manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device comprising steps of:
preparing a silicon carbide substrate including a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer, said first semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type, said second semiconductor layer being provided on said first semiconductor layer, said second semiconductor layer having a second conductivity type, said third semiconductor layer being provided on said second semiconductor layer, said third semiconductor layer being separated from said first semiconductor layer by said second semiconductor layer, said third semiconductor layer having said first conductivity type; and
forming a trench having an opening in said silicon carbide substrate, said trench including a bottom surface and a side wall surface, said bottom surface being constituted of said first semiconductor layer, said side wall surface having first to third side surfaces respectively constituted of said first to third semiconductor layers, said trench having a corner portion formed by said first side surface and said bottom surface meeting each other; and
forming a corner insulating film to cover said corner portion and expose a region extending from said opening onto said second side surface;
forming a gate insulating film to cover a region extending from said opening to said corner portion, the step of forming said gate insulating film including a step of thermally oxidizing said trench provided with said corner insulating film, the step of thermally oxidizing said trench including a step of heating said silicon carbide substrate at not less than 1300\xb0 C.; and
forming a gate electrode on said trench with said gate insulating film being interposed therebetween.
2. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the step of thermally oxidizing said trench includes steps of:
increasing a temperature of said silicon carbide substrate from a temperature of less than 1300\xb0 C. to a temperature of not less than 1300\xb0 C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere; and
changing an atmosphere surrounding said silicon carbide substrate from the non-oxidizing atmosphere to an oxidizing atmosphere while maintaining the temperature of said silicon carbide substrate at not less than 1300\xb0 C.
3. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the step of thermally oxidizing said trench includes steps of:
changing the atmosphere surrounding said silicon carbide substrate from the oxidizing atmosphere to the non-oxidizing atmosphere while maintaining the temperature of said silicon carbide substrate at not less than 1300\xb0 C.; and
cooling said silicon carbide substrate from the temperature of not less than 1300\xb0 C. to a temperature of not more than 1000\xb0 C. while maintaining, as the non-oxidizing atmosphere, the atmosphere surrounding said silicon carbide substrate.
4. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the step of changing the atmosphere surrounding said silicon carbide substrate from the non-oxidizing atmosphere to the oxidizing atmosphere includes a step of introducing oxygen gas into the atmosphere surrounding said silicon carbide substrate.
5. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the step of forming said corner insulating film includes steps of:
forming a covering insulating film to cover the region extending from said opening to said corner portion; and
patterning said covering insulating film.
6. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein
the step of forming said covering insulating film includes steps of:
forming a silicon film on said trench; and
thermally oxidizing said silicon film.
7. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the step of forming said covering insulating film includes a step of forming a thermal oxidation film on said trench before the step of forming said silicon film.
8. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the step of thermally oxidizing said silicon film is performed at less than 1300\xb0 C.
9. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein
the step of patterning said covering insulating film includes steps of:
forming a resist layer by applying a resist liquid to fill said trench with said covering insulating film being interposed therebetween;
patterning said resist layer by etching back said resist layer such that said resist layer partially remains on said trench; and
etching said covering insulating film using said resist layer as a mask after the step of patterning said resist layer.
10. The method for manufacturing the silicon carbide semiconductor device according to claim 9, wherein the step of etching said covering insulating film is performed by wet etching.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process for partial upgrading of properties of heavy andor extra-heavy crude oils, by catalytic hydrotreatment, which comprises the following steps:
1) desalting of the heavy or extra-heavy crude oil by an arrangement of two (2) desalters connected in series;
2) catalytic hydrotreating of the heavy andor extra-heavy desalted crude oil at maximum temperatures of 400\xb0 C. and 100 kgcm2 of pressure or less in a single reaction step to obtain a partially upgraded crude oil; and
3) separation of partially upgraded oil;

wherein said heavy andor extra heavy crude oils have an API gravity of 3-16 units, and said partially upgraded oil has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 250 cSt at 37.8\xb0 C., and API gravity increase of 4 to 8 degrees and where said upgraded oil has better quality for its transportation from platforms to maritime terminals or to refining centers.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the desalters employed in step 1) are of the dielectric type, for crude oil containing less than 200 pounds salt per 1,000 barrels.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein step 1) is carried out under pressure of 7 to 14 kgcm2 and temperature of 125 to 150\xb0 C.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step 1) the pressure value is preferably at least 2 kgcm2 above the vapor pressure of a crude oil-water mixture at the operating temperature.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalytic hydrotreatment of crude oil in step 2) is performed in a fixed bed reactor with a catalyst containing metals selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ni, Mo and Co.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst employed in step 2) has a low metal loading: molybdenum from 2 to 8 weight % and nickel or cobalt from 0.1 to 3 weight % in the catalyst, supported on gamma alumina, with surface area of 180 to 200 m2g, pore volume of 0.7 to 0.8 cm3g, and having a shape profile selected from the group consisting of cylindrical extrudates, lobular and spheres with a diameter of 1 to 3 mm.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the catalytic hydrothermal treatment is carried out in a fixed bed reactor with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mo and Co, nickel-molybdenum (Ni\u2014Mo) mixtures and cobalt-molybdenum (Co\u2014Mo) mixtures supported on a support selected from aluminum oxide (alumina), silicon, titanium and mixtures thereof, wherein said aluminum oxide is in the gamma alumina phase.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalytic hydrotreatment of crude oil in step 2) in addition to the catalyst bed materials further includes pressure drop relaxers, with or without catalytic activity of hydrogenation, hydrocracking, or both, with shapes selected from the group consisting of spheres, tablets, and raschig rings.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein step 2) is carried out at pressure of 40 to 100 kgcm2, hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon ratio of 2,000 to 5,000 ft3bbl, temperature of 360 to 400\xb0 C. and space velocity or volumetric flow relative to the volume of catalyst (LHSV: liquid hourly space velocity) of 0.25 to 3 h\u22121.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the separation of the partially upgraded oil in step 3) removes sour gases produced in the hydrotreatment from the partially upgraded oil.
11. The process according to claim 10, wherein up to 63% of sulfur is removed from the partially upgraded oil.
12. The process according to claim 1, wherein up to 66% of the metal (Ni+V) is removed with a global deposit rate equal to 0.0168 weight % per hour, equivalent to a catalyst life of 10 months.
13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the partially upgraded oil has a formed sediment content is less than 0.04 weight %.
14. A method of transporting heavy andor extra heavy crude oil including the steps of
hydrotreating heavy andor extra heavy crude oil at a temperature of not higher than 400\xb0 C. and pressure of 100 kgcm2 or less in a single reaction step to increase the API about 4 to 8 degrees,
recovering the partially upgraded crude oil, and
transporting the crude oil through a pipeline.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said catalytic hydrotreatment is carried out under a pressure of 7 to 14 kgcm2 and a temperature of 125\xb0 C. to 150\xb0 C.