Author: claimsbot

1. A compound of Formula (D:
wherein
E is \u2014COCONR5R6, \u2014COCF2CONR5R6, \u2014COCF2C(O)OR5, \u2014COCOR7, \u2014COCF2R8, \u2014COR9, \u2014COCOOR10, 13 CONR11R12, or \u2014B(OR13)2 where R5, R6, R7, R9, R10, R11, R12 and each R13 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl and R8 is halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl wherein the aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic groups in E are optionally substituted with one, two, or three Ra independently selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, amino, monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl, acylamino, aminocarbonyl, halo, or cyano and further wherein the aromatic or alicyclic ring in Ra is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cyano, carboxy, or carboxyalkyl; and optionally, R5 and R6, and R11 and R12 can be combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a five- to seven-membered ring;
R1 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl wherein the aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic groups in R1 are optionally substituted with one or two Rb independently selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, amino, monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, aminocarbonyl, halo, or cyano and further wherein the aromatic or alicyclic ring in Rb is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cyano, carboxy, or carboxyalkyl;
X is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014NR14\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014SO\u2014, or \u2014SO2\u2014;
R3 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl wherein the aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic groups in R3 are optionally substituted with one or two Rc independently selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, amino, monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, aminocarbonyl, halo, or cyano and further wherein the aromatic or alicyclic ring in Rc is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, carboxy, or carboxyalkyl;
Y is \u2014C(O)NH\u2014, \u2014OC(O)NH\u2014, \u2014NR14\u2014C(O)NH\u2014, \u2014NR14\u2014C(O)NH\u2014, or \u2014NR14C(O)O\u2014 where each R14 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl optionally substituted with halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, and aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl optionally substituted by halo and alkyl;
R2 is heteroaryl or \u2014CO-(fused heterocyclyl) ring wherein the heteroaryl and fused heterocyclyl rings are optionally substituted with one, two, three, or four Rd independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylthio, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, aralkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aminosulfonyl, aminocarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, amino, monosubstituted amino, or disubstituted amino or when two Rd are on adjacent carbon atoms they together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a four, five or six membered heterocyclyl ring containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or \u2014SO2\u2014 wherein the heterocyclyl ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl; and further wherein the aromatic or alicyclic ring in Rd is optionally substituted with one, two, or three Re independently selected from alkyl, alkylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkoxycarbonylamino, cycloalkylalkyloxycarbonylamino, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, acylamino, or ureido wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl in Re are optionally substituted with one, two or three alkyl; and
R4 is:
(i) alkyl provided that Y is \u2014OC(O)NH\u2014, \u2014NR14\u2014C(O)NH\u2014, or \u2014NR14C(O)O\u2014 and when R2 is heteroaryl then at least one of Rd is not hydrogen;
(ii) cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl provided that the heteroaryl and fused heterocyclyl ring in R2 are substituted with at least a heteroaryl ring; or
(iii) alkyl provided that when Y is \u2014C(O)NH\u2014 or \u2014SO2NH\u2014 then the heteroaryl and fused heterocyclyl rings in R2 are substituted with at least a heteroaryl ring;
wherein the aromatic or alicyclic ring in R4 is optionally substituted with one, two, or three Rf independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cyano, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, aralkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aminosulfonyl, aminocarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, monosubstituted amino, or disubstituted amino wherein the aromatic or alicyclic ring in Rf is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, or acylamino; or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 is a group of formula (a):
where:
Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkoxy or alkylsulfonyl;
Rd and Rd2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, or alkylsulfonyl; or
Rd1 and Rd or Rd1 and Rd2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form 4, 5, or 6-atom heterocyclyl ring wherein one or two ring atoms are replaced by oxygen or \u2014N\u2014 where the heterocyclyl ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl;
Rd3 is aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, nitro, alkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylalkylcarbonylamino, alkyloxycarbonylamino, lamino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, or \u2014NHCONRR\u2032 where R is hydrogen or alkyl and R\u2032 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl are optionally substituted with one, two or three alkyl.
3. The compound of claim 2 wherein:
Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino;
Rd and Rd2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, or alkylsulfonyl; and Rd3 is a group of formula:
optionally substituted with halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, nitro, amkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylalkylcarbonylamino, alkyloxycarbonylaminol amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, or \u2014NHCONRR\u2032 where R is hydrogen or alkyl and R\u2032 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl are optionally substituted with one, two or three alkyl.
4. The compound of claim 2 wherein:
Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino;
Rd and Rd2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, or alkylsulfonyl; and Rd3 is a group of formula:
optionally substituted with halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, nitro, amkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylalkylcarbonylamino, alkyloxycarbonylamino, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, or \u2014NHCONRR\u2032 where R is hydrogen or alkyl and R\u2032 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl are optionally substituted with one, two or three alkyl.
5. The compound of claim 2 wherein:
Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino;
Rd and Rd2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, or alkylsulfonyl; and Rd3 is a group of formula:
optionally substituted with halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, nitro, amkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylalkylcarbonylamino, alkyloxycarbonylamino, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, or \u2014NHCONRR\u2032 where R is hydrogen or alkyl and R\u2032 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl are optionally substituted with one, two or three alkyl.
6. The compound of any of the claims 2-5 wherein the Rd3 rings are optionally substituted with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, 2,2,dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and cyclohexylmethyl.
7. The compound of any of the claims 2-5 wherein the Rd3 rings are optionally substituted with amino, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, 1-methylethylamino, 1,1-dimethylethylamino, 2-methylpropylamino, 1-methylpropylamino, 2,2-dimethylpropylamino, 1,2-dimethylpropylamino, 1,1-dimethylpropylamino, cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino, cyclopropylmethylamino, cyclobutylmethylamino, cyclopentylmethylamino, cyclohexylmethylamino, methylcarbonylamino, ethylcarbonylamino, propylcarbonylamino, 1-methylethylcarbonylamino, 1,1-dimethylethylcarbonylamino, 2-methylpropylcarbonylamino, 1-methylpropylcarbonylamino, 2,2-dimethylpropylcarbonylamino, 1,2-dimethylpropylcarbonylamino, 1,1-dimethylpropylcarbonylamino, cyclopropylcarbonylamino, cyclobutylcarbonylamino, cyclopentylcarbonylamino, cyclohexylcarbonylamino, cyclopropylmethylcarbonylamino, cyclobutylmethylcarbonylamino, cyclopentylmethylcarbonylamino, cyclohexylmethylcarbonylamino, methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino, 1-methylethoxycarbonylamino, 1,1-dimethyl-ethoxycarbonylamino, 2-methylpropoxycarbonylamino, 1-methylpropoxycarbonylamino, 2,2-dimethylpropoxycarbonylamino, 1,2-dimethylpropoxylcarbonylamino, or 1,1-dimethylpropoxy-carbonylamino.
8. The compound of claim 1 wherein R2 is a group of formula (b):
where:
Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkoxy or alkylsulfonyl;
Rd and Rd2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, or alkylsulfonyl; or
Rd1 and Rd or Rd1 and Rd2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form 4, 5, or 6-atom heterocyclyl ring wherein one or two ring atoms are replaced by oxygen or \u2014N\u2014 where the heterocyclyl ring is optionally substituted with one or two alkyl;
Rd3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl.
9. The compound of claim 8 wherein Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino; Rd and Rd2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, or alkylsulfonyl; and Rd3 is a hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
10. The compound of claim 8 wherein Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, dimethylamino, methylethylamino, methyl(n-propyl)amino or methyl(isopropyl)amino; Rd and Rd2 are independently, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, thiomethyl or methylsulfonyl.
11. The compound of claim 8 wherein Rd1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, or ethoxy; Rd and Rd2 are independently, hydrogen, fluoro, chloro or methyl.
12. The compound of claim 8 wherein Rd1 is methoxy or ethoxy; and Rd, Rd2 and Rd3 are each hydrogen.
13. The compound of any of the claims 1-12 wherein X is \u2014O\u2014; R1 is alkyl or cycloalkylalkyl; and R3 is 1-methylethyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, or cyclohexyl.
14. The compound of any of the claims 1-12 wherein X is \u2014O\u2014; R1 is cyclobutylmethyl, ethyl, or n-propyl; and R3 is tert-butyl or cyclohexyl.
15. The compound of any of the claims 1-14 wherein E is \u2014COCONHR6 where R6 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or heteroaralkyl wherein the aromatic ring is optionally substituted with one or two halo.
16. The compound of any of the claims 1-14 wherein E is \u2014COCONHR6 where R6 is cyclopropyl.
17. The compound of any of the claims 1-16 wherein Y is \u2014NHC(O)NH\u2014 and
R4 is alkyl.
18. The compound of any of the claims 1-16 wherein Y is \u2014OC(O)NH\u2014 and R4 is alkyl.
19. The compound of any of the claims 1-16 wherein Y is \u2014C(O)NH\u2014 and R4 is alkyl.
20. A compound having the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
21. A compound having the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
22. A diastereomeric mixture of compounds represented by the structure:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
23. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
1-2S-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutyl)amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclobutylmethyl-2-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-2-oxoethyl)amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4R-(5-chloropyridin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclobutylmethyl-2-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-2-oxoethyl)-amide;
{1S-2S-(1S-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutylcarbamoyl)-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester;
{1S-2S-(1S-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutylcarbamoyl)-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester;
{1S-4R-(5-chloropyridin-2-yloxy)-2S-(1S-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutyl-carbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-carbamic acid tent-butyl ester;
{1S-4R-(5-chloropyridin-2-yloxy)-2S-(1S-cyclobutylmethyl-2-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-2-oxo-ethylcarbamoyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl-2,2-dimethyl-propyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester;
1-2-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4-(5-chloro-pyridin-2-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1-cyclopropylaminooxalyl-butyl)-amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4R-(6-methoxy-isoquinolin-1-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclopropylaminooxalyl-butyl)-amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4R-(6-methoxy-isoquinolin-1-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (2-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-1S-cyclopropylmethyl-2-oxo-ethyl)-amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4R-(6-ethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (2-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-1S-cyclopropylmethyl-2S-oxo-ethyl)-amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4R-(6-ethoxy-isoquinolin-1-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclopropylaminooxalyl-butyl)-amide;
1-2S-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4R-(6-methoxy-isoquinolin-1-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclopropylaminooxalyl-pentyl)-amide;
(S)-1-2-(3-tert-Butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4-trans-(2-cyclopropyl-7-methoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-2-(S)-carboxylic acid (1-cyclopropylaminooxalyl-butyl)amide Hydrochloride; and
1-2-(3-tert-Butyl-ureido)-3,3-dimethyl-butyryl-4-(7-methoxy-2-methylquinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutyl-amide.
24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any of the claims 1-23 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
25. A method of treating hepatitis C infections in a patient comprising administering to the patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any of the claims 1-23 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
26. The compound of claim 5 which is 1-2S-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutyl)amide and any diastereoisomers or mixture of diastereoisomers thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable sulfate or sulfonate salt thereof.
27. The compound of claim 1 which is 1-2S-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1S-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutyl)amide; or the sulfate or methylsulfonate salt thereof.
28. The compound of claim 1 which is 1-2S-(3-tert-butylureido)-3,3-dimethylbutyryl-4R-(7-methoxy-2-pyrazol-1-yl-quinolin-4-yloxy)-pyrrolidine-2S-carboxylic acid (1R-cyclopropylaminooxalylbutyl)amide; or the sulfate or methylsulfonate salt thereof.
29. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, further comprising a second antiviral agent.
30. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 29, wherein said second antiviral agent is Ribavirin or a polymerase inhibitor.
31. A method of treating HCV infections in a patient, comprising administering to said patient a compound of any of claims 1-23 and a second antiviral agent selected from the group consisting of interferon, pegylated or unpegylated congeners of interferon, Ribavirin, a HCV polymerase inhibitor and a toll receptor agonist.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
abstracting call signatures for two or more APIs to provide an abstracted API;
processing the abstracted API to encode a genome string;
initializing the genome string with values;
calling the two or more APIs using initialized values effective to produce API outputs;
analyzing the API outputs using a fitness function;
selecting, responsive to said analyzing, a sub-group of chromosomes that produced the API outputs;
breeding the subgroup of chromosomes to produce children chromosomes having their own particular values; and
calling the two or more APIs using values associated with the children chromosomes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fitness function is configured to look for closeness of values in the API outputs.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fitness function is configured to look for divergence of values in the API outputs.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said breeding comprises crossover processing.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said breeding comprises mutation processing.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said breeding comprises crossover processing and mutation processing.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising, after calling the two or more APIs using values associated with the child chromosomes, repeating said analyzing, selecting, breeding, and calling the two or more APIs using values associated with subsequently bred chromosomes.
8. One or more computer-readable storage memory embodying instructions which, when executed, implement a method comprising:
abstracting call signatures for two or more graphics APIs to provide an abstracted API;
processing the abstracted API to encode a genome string;
initializing the genome string with values;
calling the two or more graphics APIs using initialized values effective to produce API outputs;
analyzing the API outputs using a fitness function;
selecting, responsive to said analyzing, a sub-group of chromosomes that produced the API outputs;
breeding the subgroup of chromosomes to produce children chromosomes having their own particular values; and
calling the two or more graphics APIs using values associated with the children chromosomes.
9. The one or more computer-readable storage memory of claim 8, wherein the fitness function is configured to look for closeness of values in the API outputs.
10. The one or more computer-readable storage memory of claim 8, wherein the fitness function is configured to look for divergence of values in the API outputs.
11. The one or more computer-readable storage memory of claim 8, wherein said breeding comprises crossover processing.
12. The one or more computer-readable storage memory of claim 8, wherein said breeding comprises one or more of mutation processing or crossover processing.
13. The one or more computer-readable storage memory of claim 8, wherein said fitness function comprises a Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index.
14. The one or more computer-readable storage memory of claim 8 further comprising, after calling the two or more APIs using values associated with the children chromosomes, repeating said analyzing, selecting, breeding, and calling the two or more graphics APIs using values associated with subsequently bred chromosomes.
15. A system comprising;
one or more processors;
one or more computer-readable storage media storing instructions which, when executed, perform operations comprising:
abstracting call signatures for two or more APIs to provide an abstracted API;
processing the abstracted API to encode a genome string;
initializing the genome string with values;
calling the two or more APIs using initialized values effective to produce API outputs;
analyzing the API outputs using a fitness function;
selecting, responsive to said analyzing, a sub-group of chromosomes that produced the API outputs;
breeding the subgroup of chromosomes to produce children chromosomes having their own particular values; and
calling the two or more APIs using values associated with the children chromosomes.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the fitness function is configured to look for closeness of values in the API outputs.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the fitness function is configured to look for divergence of values in the API outputs.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein said breeding comprises crossover processing.
19. The system of claim 15; wherein said breeding comprises mutation processing.
20. The system of claim 15, wherein said breeding comprises crossover processing and mutation processing.
21. The system of claim 15 further comprising, after calling the two or more APIs using values associated with the child chromosomes, repeating said analyzing, selecting, breeding, and calling the two or more APIs using values associated with subsequently bred chromosomes.

1. An interface device, comprising:
a first connector to connect to a first device, where the first device sends data packets at a first rate;
a second connector to connect to a second device, where the second device sends data packets at a second rate slower than the first rate; and
a physical layer connected to the first connector and the second connector to control a flow of data packets, where the physical layer throttles down the flow of data packets to the second connector when the data packets are travelling from the first connector to the second connector, and where the physical layer matches a speed of the flow of data packets to the first connector when the data packets are travelling from the second connector to the first connector.
2. The interface device of claim 1 further including a small form factor module, where the physical layer is housed in the small form factor module.
3. The interface device of claim 2 where the first connector comprises a small form factor connection to the first device.
4. The interface device of claim 1 where the second connector comprises an Ethernet connection.
5. The interface device of claim 1 further comprising a media access control layer, where the media access control layer generates a pause command packet to send to the first device to throttle the flow of data packets.
6. The interface device of claim 5 further comprising a buffer connected to the media access control layer, the buffer to store received data packets, where the media access control layer generates the pause command when the buffer is full.
7. The interface device of claim 1 where the first device comprises a switch.
8. The interface device of claim 1 where the second device comprises an access point.
9. The interface device of claim 1 where the first rate comprises 10 Gbits.
10. The interface device of claim 1 where the second rate comprises 2.5 Gbits.
11. A method for transferring data packets, comprising:
detecting incoming data packets;
determining if the data packets are moving from a faster rate device to a slower rate device or from a slower rate device to a faster rate device;
when the data packets are moving from the faster rate device to the slower rate device, throttling a flow of the data packets; and
when the data packets are moving from the slower rate device to the faster rate device, up converting the data packets to the faster rate.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising buffering data packets in a data buffer sent between the faster rate device and the slower rate device.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising pausing a flow of data packets when the data buffer is full.
14. The method of claim 11 where up converting comprises matching the speed of the flow of data packets to the faster rate.
15. The method of claim 14 where matching the speed comprises adding idle codes.
16. The method of claim 11 where the faster rate comprises 10 Gbits.
17. The method of claim 11 where the slower rate comprises 2.5 Gbits.
18. A device, comprising:
a housing containing a media access control layer; and
the media access control layer to control a flow of data packets between a faster rate device and a slower rate device, where the media access control layer throttles the flow of data packets when the data packets are travelling from the faster rate device to the slower rate device, and where the media access control layer speeds the flow of data packets when the data packets are travelling from the slower rate device to the faster rate device.
19. The device of claim 18 further comprising a buffer connected to the media access control layer, the buffer to store received data packets, where the media access control layer generates pause command to throttle down the flow of data packets when the buffer is full.
20. The device of 18 where the housing connects to a switch and includes an Ethernet connection.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A lockout device for an instrument having a body and an actuating member extending from the body for operating the instrument, the lockout device comprising:
a bottom member, adapted to be positioned over the body, the bottom member including a first cinching feature and an aperture for receiving the actuating member;
a cover member connectable to the bottom member for movement between a closed position and an open position, the cover member including a covering portion for covering the actuating member in the closed position, and a second cinching feature adapted to interlock with the first cinching feature in the closed position; and
a flexible member having a first end connected to one of the bottom member and the cover member, wherein the bottom member and cover member are adapted to receive a cinching portion of the flexible member between the first and second cinching features;
wherein one of the first and second cinching features comprises at least one pin comprising a sharpened end portion, and the other of the first and second cinching features comprises at least one corresponding recess configured to receive the at least one pin; and
wherein when the flexible member is wrapped around a portion of the body and received between the first and second cinching features and the cover member is in the closed position, the first and second cinching features grip the cinching portion of the flexible member to prevent movement of the cinching portion relative to the cinching features.
2. The lockout device of claim 1, wherein the at least one recess comprises at least one groove.
3. The lockout device of claim 2, wherein the at least one pin comprises at least one row of pins positioned to be received in the at least one groove.
4. The lockout device of claim 2, wherein the at least one groove comprises at least one hole for receiving an end portion of the at least one pin.
5. The lockout device of claim 1, wherein the at least one recess comprises at least one hole.
6. The lockout device of claim 1, wherein the at least one pin is non-orthogonal with respect to the cinching portion of the flexible member, such that an increased grip is applied by the at least one pin when the cover member is in a closed position and the cinching portion of the flexible member is pulled in a first direction.
7. The lockout device of claim 1, further comprising a lock bar connected with one of the bottom member and the cover member, the lock bar including at least one locking aperture, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the insertion of a locking member through the at least one locking aperture prevents movement of the cover member from the closed position to the open position.
8. The lockout device of claim 7, wherein the lock bar is integral with the one of the bottom member and the cover member.
9. The lockout device of claim 8, further comprising a latch plate assembled with the bottom member, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the latch plate is movable to a latching position in which the latch plate secures the cover member in the closed position.
10. The lockout device of claim 9, wherein the latch plate comprises a second lock bar including at least one alignment aperture that aligns with the at least one locking aperture of the first stated lock bar when the latch plate is in the latching position, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position and the latch plate is in the latching position, the insertion of a locking member through the aligned at least one locking aperture and aligned aperture prevents movement of the latch plate out of the latching position.
11. The lockout device of claim 7, wherein the lock bar is assembled with the one of the bottom member and the cover member.
12. The lockout device of claim 11, wherein the lock bar is pivotable with respect to the one of the bottom member and the cover member.
13. The lockout device of claim 7, wherein the lock bar is connected with the bottom member.
14. The lockout device of claim 7, wherein the lock bar is connected with the cover member.
15. The lockout device of claim 7, wherein the other of the bottom member and the cover member further comprises an opening for receiving the lock bar therethrough in the closed position.
16. The lockout device of claim 1, wherein the one of the first and second cinching features comprises a plurality of pins, and the other of the first and second cinching features comprises a plurality of recesses each configured to receive at least one of the plurality of pins.
17. The lockout device of claim 1, wherein the second cinching feature is fixed with respect to the covering portion.
18. A lockout device for an instrument having a body and an actuating member extending from the body for operating the instrument, the lockout device comprising:
a bottom member, adapted to be positioned over the body, the bottom member including a first cinching feature and an aperture for receiving the actuating member;
a cover member connectable to the bottom member for movement between a closed position and an open position, the cover member including a covering portion for covering the actuating member in the closed position, and a second cinching feature adapted to interlock with the first cinching feature in the closed position;
a flexible member having a first end connected to one of the bottom member and the cover member, wherein the bottom member and cover member are adapted to receive a cinching portion of the flexible member between the first and second cinching features; and
first and second slots adjacent to the first and second cinching features and adapted to receive the flexible member and position the cinching portion between the first and second cinching features;
wherein one of the first and second cinching features comprises at least one pin, and the other of the first and second cinching features comprises at least one corresponding recess configured to receive the at least one pin; and
wherein when the flexible member is wrapped around a portion of the body and received between the first and second cinching features and the cover member is in the closed position, the first and second cinching features grip the cinching portion of the flexible member to prevent movement of the cinching portion relative to the cinching features.
19. A lockout device for an instrument having a body and an actuating member extending from the body for operating the instrument, the lockout device comprising:
a bottom member, adapted to be positioned over the body, the bottom member including a first holding portion and an aperture for receiving the actuating member;
a cover member connectable to the bottom member for movement between a closed position and an open position, the cover member including a covering portion for covering the actuating member in the closed position, and a second holding portion adapted to engage the first holding portion in the closed position;
a lock bar connected with one of the bottom member and the cover member, the lock bar including at least one locking aperture, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the insertion of a locking member through the at least one locking aperture prevents movement of the cover member from the closed position to the open position;
a flexible member having a first end connected to one of the bottom member and the cover member, wherein the bottom member and cover member are adapted to receive a cinching portion of the flexible member between the first and second holding portions; and
a latch plate assembled with the bottom member, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the latch plate is movable to a latching position in which the latch plate secures the cover member in the closed position;
wherein when the flexible member is wrapped around a portion of the body and received between the first and second holding portions and the cover member is in the closed position, the first and second holding portions prevent movement of the cinching portion of the flexible member relative to the holding portions.
20. The lockout device of claim 19, wherein the latch plate comprises a second lock bar including at least one alignment aperture that aligns with the at least one locking aperture of the first stated lock bar when the latch plate is in the latching position, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position and the latch plate is in the latching position, the insertion of a locking member through the aligned at least one locking aperture and aligned aperture prevents movement of the latch plate out of the latching position.
21. The lockout device of claim 19, wherein the latch plate comprises a first compression feature and the cover member comprises a second compression feature, wherein movement of the latch plate to the latching position engages the first compression feature with the second compression feature, such that the latch plate applies a gripping force to the cinching portion of the flexible member through the cover member.
22. The lockout device of claim 21, wherein one of the first and second compression features comprises at least one rib, and the other of the first and second compression features comprises at least one complementary shaped pocket.
23. A lockout device for an instrument having a body and an actuating member extending from the body for operating the instrument, the lockout device comprising:
a bottom member, adapted to be positioned over the body, the bottom member including a first holding portion and an aperture for receiving the actuating member;
a cover member connectable to the bottom member for movement between a closed position and an open position, the cover member including a covering portion for covering the actuating member in the closed position, and a second holding portion adapted to engage the first holding portion in the closed position;
a lock bar connected with and pivotable with respect to one of the bottom member and the cover member, the lock bar including at least one locking aperture, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the insertion of a locking member through the at least one locking aperture prevents movement of the cover member from the closed position to the open position; and
a flexible member having a first end connected to one of the bottom member and the cover member, wherein the bottom member and cover member are adapted to receive a cinching portion of the flexible member between the first and second holding portions;
wherein when the flexible member is wrapped around a portion of the body and received between the first and second holding portions and the cover member is in the closed position, the first and second holding portions prevent movement of the cinching portion of the flexible member relative to the holding portions.
24. A lockout device for an instrument having a body and an actuating member extending from the body for operating the instrument, the lockout device comprising:
a bottom member, adapted to be positioned over the body, the bottom member including a first holding portion and an aperture for receiving the actuating member;
a cover member connectable to the bottom member for movement between a closed position and an open position, the cover member including a covering portion for covering the actuating member in the closed position, and a second holding portion adapted to engage the first holding portion in the closed position;
a lock bar connected with the cover member, the lock bar including at least one locking aperture, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the insertion of a locking member through the at least one locking aperture prevents movement of the cover member from the closed position to the open position; and
a flexible member having a first end connected to one of the bottom member and the cover member, wherein the bottom member and cover member are adapted to receive a cinching portion of the flexible member between the first and second holding portions;
wherein when the flexible member is wrapped around a portion of the body and received between the first and second holding portions and the cover member is in the closed position, the first and second holding portions prevent movement of the cinching portion of the flexible member relative to the holding portions.
25. The lockout device of claim 24, wherein when the cover member is in the closed position, the lock bar extends through a slot in the bottom member the cover member, such that the insertion of the locking member through the at least one locking aperture prevents withdrawal of the lock bar through the slot.
26. The lockout device of claim 24, wherein the second holding portion is fixed with respect to the covering portion.