Author: claimsbot

1. An antenna having a capacitive element, comprising:
a radiator;
a ground plane being spaced apart to a predetermined distance from the radiator;
a ground pin electrically connected to the radiator and the ground plane;
a capacitive element located between the radiator and the ground plane;
a first branch arm electrically connecting the capacitive element and the radiator; and
a second branch arm electrically connecting the capacitive element and the ground plane.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the capacitive element is positioned at a predetermined distance from the ground pin and the feeding pin.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the capacitive element corresponds to a lumped element.
4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein the capacitive element corresponds to a capacitor of which capacitance is variable.
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the capacitive element corresponds to a structural capacitor being formed by an electric coupling of the first branch arm and the second branch arm.
6. An antenna having a capacitive element, comprising:
a first current loop configured of a ground plane, a ground pin, a radiation plate, and a feeding pin, each being electrically interconnected to one another;
a second current loop configured of the ground plane, a first branch arm, a capacitive element, a second branch arm, the radiation plate, and the ground pin, each being electrically interconnected to one another; and
a third current loop configured of the ground plane, the first branch arm, the capacitive element, the second branch arm, the radiation plate, and the feeding pin, each being electrically interconnected to one another.
7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the capacitive element corresponds to a lumped element.
8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein the capacitive element corresponds to a capacitor of which capacitance is variable.
9. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the capacitive element corresponds to a structural capacitor being formed by an electric coupling of the first branch arm and the second branch arm.
10. The antenna of claim 6, wherein a first loop corresponds to a low frequency loop, wherein a second loop corresponds to a middle frequency loop, and wherein a third loop corresponds to a high frequency loop.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A speaker system capable of countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated by a plurality of base units of at least one wave source through at least one of canceling said harmful waves in a target space and suppressing said harmful waves from propagating to said target space, wherein said base units are configured to refer to only portions of said wave source responsible for irradiating said harmful waves and affecting paths of said harmful waves therethrough, wherein said target space is defined between said system and at least one body part of an user, and wherein said harmful waves have frequencies less than about 1 kHz comprising:
at least one piezoelectric plate which is configured to convert electric energy supplied thereto to mechanical vibration thereof and to generate audible sounds while emitting said harmful waves and serving as one of said base units;
at least two electrodes which are configured to be electrically coupled to at least two different portions of said piezoelectric plate and to provide said electric energy across said piezoelectric plate while emitting said harmful waves and serving as another of said base units;
at least one metal plate which is configured to be coupled to one of said electrodes, to receive said energy, and then to supply said energy to said one of said electrodes while emitting said harmful waves and serving as yet another of said base units; and
at least one counter unit which is configured to define a configuration at least partially similar to a configuration of at least one of said base units and to emit counter electromagnetic waves which are in turn configured to have phase angles at least partially opposite to those of said harmful waves, to define wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of said harmful waves primarily due to said configurations and, accordingly, to counter said harmful waves in said target space primarily due to said phase angles.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit defines a shape which is configured to be at least substantially similar to at least two of said base units.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit defines a shape which is configured to be at least substantially similar to an assembly of said piezoelectric plate, electrodes, and metal plate.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein said counter unit is configured to define a simplified analog of at least one of said base units.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein said counter unit is configured to define a simplified analog of an assembly of said piezoelectric plate, electrodes, and metal plate.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein said counter unit is configured to approximate said assembly into one of a spherical wave source, an elongated wave source, and a plate-shaped wave source, and then to define its shape accordingly.
7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of said counter units at least two of which are configured to be incorporated in an arrangement at least substantially similar to an arrangement of an assembly of said piezoelectric plate, electrodes, and metal plate.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit is configured to be incorporated between at least one of said base units and target space and then to emit said counter waves of amplitudes less than amplitudes of said harmful waves for countering said harmful waves in said target space.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein said configuration of said counter unit has a dimension which is configured to be longer than a dimension of each of said base units and to match radii of curvature of said counter waves with those of said harmful waves in said target space.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein said counter unit is configured to be disposed on an opposite side of said target space with respect to at least one of said base units and then to emit said counter waves of amplitudes greater than amplitudes of said harmful waves in order to counter said harmful waves in said target space.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein said configuration of said counter unit has a dimension which is configured to be shorter than a dimension of each of said base units and to match radii of curvature of said counter waves with those of said harmful waves in said target space.
12. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one case member which includes an exterior surface and an interior surface and which is configured to define an exterior of said system, wherein said counter unit is configured to be one of coupled to said exterior surface, coupled to said interior surface, and embedded between said interior and exterior surfaces.
13. The system of claim 1 which is configured to be incorporated into one of a wired telephone, a wireless phone, an earphone, a headphone, and an assembly of said speaker and a microphone.
14. A speaker system capable of countering harmful electromagnetic waves which are irradiated by a plurality of base units of at least one wave source through at least one of canceling said harmful waves in a target space and suppressing said harmful waves from propagating to said target space, wherein said base units are configured to refer to only portions of said wave source responsible for irradiating said harmful waves and affecting paths of said harmful waves therethrough, wherein said target space is defined between said system and at least one body part of an user, and wherein said harmful waves have frequencies less than about 1 kHz comprising:
at least one piezoelectric plate which is configured to convert electric energy supplied thereto to mechanical vibration thereof and to generate audible sounds while emitting said harmful waves and serving as one of said base units;
at least two electrodes which are configured to be electrically coupled to at least two different portions of said piezoelectric plate and to provide said electric energy across said piezoelectric plate while emitting said harmful waves and serving as another of said base units;
at least one metal plate which is configured to be coupled to one of said electrodes, to receive said energy, and then to supply said energy to said one of said electrodes while emitting said harmful waves and serving as yet another of said base units; and
at least one counter unit which is configured to have a shape different from a shape of each of said base units, to emit counter electromagnetic waves, and to be also disposed in an arrangement rendering said counter waves define phase angles at least partially opposite to those of said harmful waves, have wave characteristics at least partially similar to those of said harmful waves due to said arrangement and, accordingly, counter said harmful waves in said target space primarily due to said phase angles.
15. A speaker system for irradiating harmful electromagnetic waves by a plurality of base units of at least one wave source of said system and for countering said harmful waves by emitting counter electromagnetic waves, wherein said counter waves propagate by defining a plurality of wavefronts, wherein said harmful waves propagate while defining another plurality of wavefronts, wherein said system also counters said harmful waves by at least one of canceling said harmful waves in a target space and suppressing said harmful waves from propagating toward said target space, wherein said base units are configured to include only portions of said wave source responsible for irradiating said harmful waves and also affecting paths of said harmful waves therethrough, and wherein said target space is defined between said system and at least one body part of an user thereof comprising:
at least one piezoelectric plate which is configured to convert electric energy supplied thereto to mechanical vibration thereof and to generate audible sounds while emitting said harmful waves and serving as one of said base units;
at least two electrodes which are configured to be electrically coupled to at least two different portions of said piezoelectric plate and to provide said electric energy across said piezoelectric plate while emitting said harmful waves and serving as another of said base units;
at least one metal plate which is configured to be coupled to one of said electrodes, to receive said energy, and then to supply said energy to said one of said electrodes while emitting said harmful waves and serving as yet another of said base units; and
at least one counter unit which is configured to define a preset configuration, to be disposed in a preset arrangement defining a preset relation with respect to at least one of said wavefronts of said harmful waves, and to emit said counter waves which are configured to define phase angles which are at least partially opposite to those of said harmful waves, to at least partially match at least one of said wavefronts of said harmful waves with at least one of said wavefronts thereof primarily due to said arrangement, and to counter said harmful waves in said target space primarily due to said phase angles in said target space.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein said counter unit is configured to be incorporated between at least one of said base units and target space and to be disposed in said arrangement which is at least partially similar to a shape of at least one of said wavefronts of said harmful waves, thereby matching and countering said harmful waves by said counter waves in said target space.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein said counter unit is configured to be disposed on an opposite side of said target space with respect to at least one of said base units and to be incorporated in said arrangement which is at least partially inverse to a shape of at least one of said wavefronts of said harmful waves, thereby matching and countering said harmful waves by said counter waves in said target space.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein said counter unit is configured to manipulate said wavefronts of said counter waves to define shapes at least partially similar to a shape of said counter unit and to be aligned with at least a portion of at least one of said wavefronts of said harmful waves, thereby matching and countering said harmful waves by said counter waves.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein said counter unit is configured to form at least one of a mesh, a spiral, a coil, an array of a wire, an array of a plurality of wires, an array of a plurality of strips, an array of a plurality of spirals, and an array of a plurality of coils, and then to define a contour which is configured to at least partially conform to a contour of at least one of said wavefronts of said harmful waves.
20. The system of claim 19 further comprising at least one case member which forms an exterior surface and an interior surface and which is configured to define an exterior of said system, wherein said counter unit is configured to be one of coupled to said exterior surface, coupling with said interior surface, and embedded between said interior and exterior surfaces.

1. A method for operating a MIMO radar such that an influence of an object motion on an angle estimate is substantially eliminated, the method comprising:
identifying a time multiplex schema having a transmission sequence and transmission instants of transmitters of the MIMO radar by optimizing the following mathematical relationship:
d
_
pulses
,
opt
=

arg
\ue89e
\ue89e
max
d
_

pulses
\ue89e
Var
S

\ue8a0

(
d
_

pulses

)
–
(
Cov
S

\ue8a0

(
d
_

pulses

,
t

)
)

2
Var
S

\ue8a0

(

t
_

)
wherein:
dpulses,opt is optimized positions of the transmitters in a sequence in which the transmitters transmit;
dpulses is positions of the transmitters in a sequence in which the transmitters transmit;
t is transmission instants;
VarS is sample variance; and
CovS is sample covariance.
2. A method for operating a MIMO radar such that an influence of an object motion on an angle estimate is substantially eliminated, the method comprising:
identifying a time multiplex schema having a transmission sequence and transmission instants of transmitters of the MIMO radar by optimizing the following mathematical relationships:
|CovWS(dpulses,x,t,\u03c1)|=minimal
|CovWS(dpulses,y,t,\u03c1)|=minimal
wherein:
dpulses,x is X positions of the transmitters in a sequence in which the transmitters transmit;
dpulses,y is Y positions of the transmitters in the sequence in which the transmitters transmit;
t is transmission instants;
\u03c1 is transmission energies;
CovWS is weighted sample covariance, wherein
Cov
WS

\ue8a0

(
x
_

,

y
_

,

w
_
)
:=
E
WS

\ue8a0

(
x
_

–
E
WS

\ue8a0

(
x
_

,

w
_
)
\xb7

1
_
\u2297
y
_

–
E
WS

\ue8a0

(
y
_

,

w
_
)
\xb7

1
_
,

w
_
)
\ue89e
E
WS

\ue8a0

(
x
_

,

w
_
)
:=
1
\u2211

j
=
1

K

\ue89e
\ue89e
wj
\ue89e
\u2211

i
=
1

K

\ue89e
\ue89e

xi
\xb7
wi
wherein:
w is weight vector;
EWS is weighted sample mean; and
is element-wise multiplication.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein an optimization of the following mathematical relationships is carried out:
CovWS(dpulses,x,t,\u03c1)=0
CovWS(dpulses,y,t,\u03c1)=0.
4. A method for operating a MIMO radar such that an influence of an object motion on an angle estimate is substantially eliminated, the method comprising:
providing at least two transmitters having different activation time frames; and
activating the transmitters a different number of times in the respective activation time frames of the transmitters such that a common center instant for the transmitters is provided for the activation time frames of the transmitters.
5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein one of the transmitters is activated with a time offset from a second one of the transmitters, the respectively later-activated transmitter being activated, in a boundary region of the respective activation time frame, at least one less time than the other transmitter, the other transmitter being not activated the same number of times at the beginning and at the end of the respective activation time frame.
6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein a discrete Fourier transform is carried out for signal evaluation, and wherein sampled values of the later-activated transmitter are made up by way of zero paddings to the number of sampled values of the other transmitter, and wherein by using an amplitude factor, (i) a phase difference in the sampled signals of the two transmitters is corrected, and (ii) the sampled signals of the two transmitters are equalized.
7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein a transmission-ramp-based radar modulation is used for the signals of the transmitters.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the MIMO radar is situated in a motor vehicle, and wherein the method is used to identify at least one of the following variables: distance, relative velocity, and angle.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing a computer program having program codes which, when executed on a computer, performs a method for operating a MIMO radar such that an influence of an object motion on an angle estimate is substantially eliminated, the method comprising:
identifying a time multiplex schema having a transmission sequence and transmission instants of transmitters of the MIMO radar by optimizing the following mathematical relationship:
d
_
pulses
,
opt
=

arg
\ue89e
\ue89e
max
d
_

pulses
\ue89e
Var
S

\ue8a0

(
d
_

pulses

)
–
(
Cov
S

\ue8a0

(
d
_

pulses

,
t

)
)

2
Var
S

\ue8a0

(

t
_

)
wherein:
dpulses,opt is optimized positions of the transmitters in a sequence in which the transmitters transmit;
dpulses is positions of the transmitters in a sequence in which the transmitters transmit;
t is transmission instants;
VarS is sample variance; and
CovS is sample covariance.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An electric power steering apparatus, comprising a torque detection unit comprising:
a torque detection element comprising a pair of detection coils of which impedances change in accordance with torque;
a torque detection portion comprising a monitoring portion which monitors the torque detection element; and
a shortcircuit failure detection portion which detects a shortcircuit failure occurring between a main torque signal line and a sub torque signal line of the detection coils, wherein
the shortcircuit failure detection portion detects the shortcircuit failure occurring between the main torque signal line and the sub torque signal line by comparing a main torque signal and a sub torque signal, which are outputted from the torque detection portion when an abnormal condition is intentionally set in the monitoring portion.
2. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the torque detection unit further comprises a reference voltage generation circuit which outputs a particular reference voltage, which differs from a standard reference voltage, to the monitoring portion and
when a test mode, in which a torque detection circuit is tested, is set, the abnormal condition is intentionally set in the monitoring portion by setting the particular reference voltage therein.
3. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the particular reference voltage, which is set in the monitoring portion when the test mode is set, exceeds the standard reference voltage.
4. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring portion is configured so that when an abnormal condition is set therein by intentionally setting the particular reference voltage therein, the sub torque signal line is grounded.
5. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shortcircuit failure detection portion determines that the shortcircuit failure occurring between the main torque signal line and the sub torque signal line occurs in a case where a test mode is set, where an abnormal condition is set in the monitoring portion by setting a particular reference voltage exceeding a standard reference voltage therein, and where a main torque signal voltage and a sub torque signal voltage outputted from the torque detection portion are equal to each other.
6. The electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the shortcircuit failure is detected, the torque detection unit changes a mode thereof into a fail safe mode.