1. A method of delivering an aerosol to a subject, the method comprising:
(a) deploying an aerosol generating device comprising a heater and a cartridge comprising a vaporizable material in a vaporization chamber, the vaporizable material comprising fine pieces of tobacco and a vapor forming medium, wherein the fine pieces of tobacco are from 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter;
(b) heating the vaporizable material in the vaporization chamber with the heater of the device using conductive heating to a target temperature;
(c) generating the aerosol in the vaporization chamber, wherein the aerosol contains at least 70% less Hoffman analytes than a common tobacco cigarette; and
(d) delivering the aerosol directly to the subject for inhalation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerosol comprises particles less than about 2 microns in diameter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the Hoffman analytes include: ammonia, aminonaphthalenes, benzopyrene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, methylethylketone, butyraldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous oxides, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), pyridine, quinoline, hydroquinone, phenol, cresols, carbon monoxide, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, and styrene.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the target temperature is about 100\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the target temperature is about 150\xb0 C.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the common tobacco cigarette comprises a filter.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerosol contains at least about 80% less Hoffman analytes than a common tobacco cigarette.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the aerosol contains at least about 90% less Hoffman analytes than a common tobacco cigarette.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1.-7. (canceled)
8. An aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct represented by the following formula (1), having a color which, as expressed by the Gardner color scale, satisfies the following expression (1) or (2):
Gardner color scale\u22660.5\xd7(m+n+2)\u22121.5\u2003\u2003(1)
(provided that when 1\u2266m+n\u226615)
Gardner color scale\u22666\u2003\u2003(2)
(provided that when 15<m+n\u2266100)
wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, or an alkoxypropyl group represented by R4OCH2CH2CH2; R4 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; A1O and A2O represent an oxyethylene group andor an oxypropylene group; and m represents the average number of added moles of (A1O), and n represents the average number of added moles of (A2O), and m and n are each independently a number from 0 to 50, with 1\u2267m+n\u2267100.
9. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 8, wherein R1 in the formula (1) is a linear saturated hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
10. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 8, wherein R1 in the formula (1) is an alkoxypropyl group represented by R4OCH2CH2CH2 having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
11. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 8, wherein in a gas chromatographic analysis, the total amount of areas of all the peaks detected between the solvent peak and the peak of the aliphatic amine ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct is 0.1% or less (solvent peak area is excluded from the calculation).
12. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 8, wherein the alkali metal content is 1000 ppm or less.
13. A detergent comprising the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 8 as an essential component.
14. An aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct represented by the following formula (2), having a molecular weight distribution (ratio of weight average molecular weight Mw and number average molecular weight Mn) which, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using dimethylformamide as an eluent and calculated based on a polyethylene glycol calibration curve, satisfies the following expression (3) or (4):
MwMn\u22660.05\xd7ln(r+s+2)+0.975\u2003\u2003(3)
(provided that when 1\u2266r+s\u226610)
MwMn\u22661.10\u2003\u2003(4)
(provided that when 10<r+s\u2266100)
wherein R2 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, or an alkoxypropyl group represented by R4OCH2CH2CH2; R4 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; A3O and A4O represent an oxyethylene group andor an oxypropylene group; r represents the average number of added moles of (A3O), and s represents the average number of added moles of (A4O), and r and s are each independently a number from 0 to 50, with 1\u2266r+s\u2266100.
15. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 14, wherein A3O and A4O in the formula (2) are each an oxyethylene group.
16. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 14, wherein R2 in the formula (2) is a linear saturated hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
17. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 14, wherein R2 in the formula (2) is an alkoxypropyl group represented by R4OCH2CH2CH2 having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
18. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 14, wherein in a gas chromatographic analysis, the total amount of areas of all the peaks detected between the solvent peak and the peak of the aliphatic amine ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct is 0.1% or less (solvent peak area is excluded from the calculation).
19. The aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 14, wherein the alkali metal content is 1000 ppm or less.
20. A detergent comprising the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 14 as an essential component.
21. A method for producing the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 8, the method comprising:
reacting 1 mole of an aliphatic primary amine formed by bonding a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms or an alkoxypropyl group represented by R4O CH2CH2CH2 (wherein R4 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and hydrogen atoms, with ethylene oxide at an average number of added moles of 1.5 to 2.0 moles in the absence of a catalyst, to obtain an aliphatic amine ethylene oxide adduct (a) (first stage reaction); and
further reacting the aliphatic amine ethylene oxide adduct (a) with 3 to 100 moles of alkylene oxide (b), in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt added as a catalyst in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight (second stage reaction).
22. The method for producing the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 21, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, butyltrimethylammonium hydroxide or hydroxide of methylated DBU.
23. The method for producing the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 21, wherein the alkylene oxide (b) is ethylene oxide.
24. A method for producing the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 9, the method comprising:
reacting 1 mole of an aliphatic primary amine formed by bonding a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms or an alkoxypropyl group represented by R4OCH2CH2CH2 (wherein R4 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) and hydrogen atoms, with ethylene oxide at an average number of added moles of 1.5 to 2.0 moles in the absence of a catalyst, to obtain an aliphatic amine ethylene oxide adduct (a) (first stage reaction); and
further reacting the aliphatic amine ethylene oxide adduct (a) with 3 to 100 moles of alkylene oxide (b), in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt added as a catalyst in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight (second stage reaction).
25. The method for producing the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 24, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, butyltrimethylammonium hydroxide or hydroxide of methylated DBU.
26. The method for producing the aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct according to claim 24, wherein the alkylene oxide (b) is ethylene oxide.