Author: claimsbot

1. In a cylindrical underwater acoustic projector having a longitudinal slot and comprising an outer shell and an inner concentric insulative layer, wherein the improvement comprises a metallic liner located between the outer shell and insulative layer.
2. The projector defined in claim 1 wherein the metallic liner is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, steel, titanium, and brass.
3. The projector defined in claim 1 wherein a second insulative layer is located between the outer shell and metallic liner.
4. The projector defined in claim 3 wherein the metallic liner is tapered and increases in radial thickness toward a location diametrically opposite the longitudinal slot.
5. The projector defined in claim 1 wherein an acoustic driver is mounted within the shell and extends along at least a portion of the I.D. of the metallic liner and is separated therefrom by the inner concentric insulative layer.
6. The projector defined in claim 5 wherein an arcuate section of a dielectric material extends longitudinally along a portion of the I.D. of the metallic liner adjacent each side of the slot.
7. The projector defined in claim 1 wherein the outer shell is formed of wound resin impregnated graphite strips, certain of said strips being wound at approximately 90\xb0 to a longitudinal axis of the shell and other of said strips being wound at an angle of between 45\xb0 and 85\xb0 to said longitudinal axis.
8. The projector defined in claim 7 wherein said other of said strips are wound at an angle of approximately \xb170\xb0 to the longitudinal axis.
9. The projector defined in claim 7 wherein the outer shell is formed of a plurality of resin impregnated graphite strips wound in overlapping relationship, said strips include inner and outer layers wound at approximately 90\xb0 to a longitudinal axis of the shell, and a plurality of intermediate layers wound at between 45\xb0 and 85\xb0 to said longitudinal axis.
10. The projector defined in claim 9 wherein the intermediate strips alternate at +approximately 70\xb0 to the longitudinal axis.
11. An acoustic projector comprising
an outer cylindrical shell having an I.D.;
a metallic liner concentrically mounted within the shell and extending along a portion of the I.D. of the outer shell to provide structural reinforcement thereto:
a driver mounted within the metallic liner; and
insulation separating the driver from the metallic liner.
12. The acoustic projector defined in claim 11 including aligned longitudinal slots found in the outer shell and metallic liner.
13. The acoustic projector defined in claim 11 including a pair of arcuate segments extending from opposite sides of the longitudinal slots within the outer shell and in edge abutment with the driver to assist in retaining the driver within the shell.
14. The acoustic projector defined in claim 11 wherein the outer shell is formed of wound resin impregnated graphite strips, certain of said strips being wound at approximately 90\xb0 to a longitudinal axis of the shell and other of said strips being wound at an angle of between 45\xb0 and 85\xb0 to said longitudinal axis.
15. The acoustic projector defined in claim 14 wherein said other of said strips are wound at an angle of approximately \xb170\xb0 to the longitudinal axis.
16. The acoustic projector defined in claim 14 wherein the outer shell is formed of a plurality of resin impregnated graphite strips wound in overlapping relationship, said strips include inner and outer layers wound at approximately 90\xb0 to a longitudinal axis of the shell, and a plurality of intermediate layers wound at between 45\xb0 and 85\xb0\xb1 to said longitudinal axis.
17. The acoustic projector defined in claim 16 wherein the intermediate strips alternate at \xb1approximately 70\xb0 to the longitudinal axis.
18. An acoustic projector comprising:
an outer shell;
a driver mounted within the shell;
said outer shell including a plurality of wound resin impregnated graphite strips, certain of said strips being wound at approximately 90\xb0 to a longitudinal axis of the shell and other of said strips being wound at an angle of between 45\xb0 and 85\xb0 to said longitudinal axis.
19. The acoustic projector defined in claim 18 wherein said other of said strips are wound at an angle of approximately 70\xb0 to the longitudinal axis.
20. The acoustic projector defined in claim 18 wherein the outer shell is formed of a plurality of resin impregnated graphite strips wound in overlapping relationship, said strips include inner and outer layers wound at approximately 90\xb0 to a longitudinal axis of the shell, and a plurality of intermediate layers alternately wound at between 45\xb0 and 85\xb0 to said longitudinal axis.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A piezoelectricelectrostrictive ceramics composition represented by a general formula Pba{ZnbSbc(ZrdTi1-d)1-b-c}O3 in which a, b, c, and d satisfy 0.985\u2266a\u22660.998, 0.010\u2266b\u22660.040, 0.025\u2266c\u22660.090, 0.460\u2266d\u22660.510, and 2.125\u2266cb\u22663.000.
2. A displacement generating device comprising:
an actuator including a first electrode, a piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, and a second electrode, said piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being made of the piezoelectricelectrostrictive ceramics composition according to claim 1, said first electrode and said second electrode being opposed across said piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, and a polarization direction of said piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being a direction from said first electrode toward said second electrode; and
a drive circuit for applying a drive signal between said first electrode and said second electrode, said drive signal being an AC voltage, or a DC voltage in which said first electrode serves as a negative electrode and said second electrode serves as a positive electrode.
3. A displacement generating device comprising:
a bimorph-type actuator including a first electrode, a first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, a second electrode, a second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, and a third electrode, said first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body and said second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being made of the piezoelectricelectrostrictive ceramics composition according to claim 1, said first electrode and said second electrode being opposed across said first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, said second electrode and said third electrode being opposed across said second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, a polarization direction of said first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being a direction from said first electrode toward said second electrode, and a polarization direction of said second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being a direction from said second electrode toward said third electrode; and
a drive circuit for applying a drive signal between one drive electrode and another drive electrode, said first electrode and said third electrode each serving as said one drive electrode, and said second electrode serving as said another drive electrode.
4. A piezoelectricelectrostrictive ceramics composition provided by adding an accessory component containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Fe, and a rare-earth element R to a main component represented by a general formula Pba{ZnbSbc(ZrdTi1-d)1-b-c}O3 wherein a, b, c, and d satisfy 0.985\u2266a\u22660.998, 0.010\u2266b\u22660.040, 0.025\u2266c\u22660.090, 0.460\u2266d\u22660.510, and 2.125\u2266cb\u22663.000, wherein
in a case where an additive amount of Mn is expressed in terms of MnO, an additive amount of Cr is expressed in terms of Cr2O3, an additive amount of Fe is expressed in terms of Fe2O3, and an additive amount of the rare-earth element R is expressed in terms of R2O3, an additive amount of the at least one element relative to 100 parts by weight of the main component is 0.3 parts by weight or less.
5. A displacement generating device comprising:
an actuator including a first electrode, a piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, and a second electrode, said piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being made of the piezoelectricelectrostrictive ceramics composition according to claim 4, said first electrode and said second electrode being opposed across said piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, and a polarization direction of said piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being a direction from said first electrode toward said second electrode; and
a drive circuit for applying a drive signal between said first electrode and said second electrode, said drive signal being an AC voltage, or a DC voltage in which said first electrode serves as a negative electrode and said second electrode serves as a positive electrode.
6. A displacement generating device comprising:
a bimorph-type actuator including a first electrode, a first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, a second electrode, a second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, and a third electrode, said first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body and said second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being made of the piezoelectricelectrostrictive ceramics composition according to claim 4, said first electrode and said second electrode being opposed across said first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, said second electrode and said third electrode being opposed across said second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body, a polarization direction of said first piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being a direction from said first electrode toward said second electrode, and a polarization direction of said second piezoelectricelectrostrictive body being a direction from said second electrode toward said third electrode; and
a drive circuit for applying a drive signal between one drive electrode and another drive electrode, said first electrode and said third electrode each serving as said one drive electrode, and said second electrode serving as said another drive electrode.

1. A differential pressure gauge comprising:
a hollow cylinder;
a first housing member disposed at a first end of the hollow cylinder;
a second housing member disposed at a second end of the hollow cylinder;
a piston having a first end and a second end, wherein the piston is slidably disposed in the first housing member and separates the first housing member into a low pressure side and a high pressure side; and
a remote indicator coupled to the second end of the piston, wherein at least a portion of the remote indicator extends into the hollow cylinder and provides a visual indication of a pressure difference between the first end and the second end of the piston.
2. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, wherein the first housing member includes a first pressure inlet in fluid communication with a first source of a pressurized fluid and the second housing member includes a second pressure inlet in fluid communication with a second source of a pressurized fluid having a higher pressure than the first source of a pressurized fluid.
3. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, further comprising a spring configured to urge the remote indicator in a direction toward the second housing member and away from the first housing member.
4. The differential pressure gauge of claim 3, wherein the spring is a helical compression spring having a first and a second end, the first end abutting the first housing member and the second end abutting the remote indicator.
5. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the hollow cylinder is at least one of transparent and translucent, the at least a portion coinciding with a range of positions of a visual indicator formed on the remote indicator.
6. The differential pressure gauge of claim 5, further including indicia disposed at least one of adjacent and overlapping an outer surface of the hollow cylinder, the indicia disposed at least one of adjacent and overlapping the at least a portion of the hollow cylinder, wherein the indicia is compared to a position of the visual indicator to determine a difference in pressure measured between the first end of the piston and the second end of the piston.
7. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, wherein the hollow cylinder is formed from a transparent glass.
8. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, wherein the first housing member and the piston are formed from the same material.
9. The differential pressure gauge of claim 8, wherein the first housing member and the piston are both formed from one of plastic, stainless steel, and aluminum.
10. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the piston is greater than an inner diameter of the hollow cylinder.
11. The differential pressure gauge of claim 1, wherein a substantially fluid tight seal is formed between the piston and the first housing member.
12. The differential pressure gauge of claim 11, wherein the seal is formed by a plurality of grooves formed in an outer surface of the piston, the grooves forming a labyrinth seal between the outer surface of the piston and an inner surface of the first housing member.
13. A differential pressure gauge comprising:
a hollow cylinder including at least a portion of which is one of transparent and translucent;
a first housing member disposed at a first end of the hollow cylinder;
a second housing member disposed at a second end of the hollow cylinder;
a piston having a first end and a second end, wherein the piston is slidably disposed in the first housing member and separates the first housing member into a low pressure side and a high pressure side; and
a remote indicator coupled to the second end of the piston, wherein at least a portion of the remote indicator extends into the hollow cylinder adjacent the portion of the cylinder that is one of transparent and translucent and provides a visual indication of a pressure difference between the first end and the second end of the piston by comparing a position of the remote indicator relative to indicia located at least one of overlapping and adjacent the portion of the cylinder that is one of transparent and translucent.
14. The differential pressure gauge of claim 13, wherein the first housing member includes a first pressure inlet in fluid communication with a first source of a pressurized fluid and the second housing member includes a second pressure inlet in fluid communication with a second source of a pressurized fluid having a higher pressure than the first source of a pressurized fluid.
15. The differential pressure gauge of claim 13, further comprising a spring configured to urge the remote indicator in a direction toward the second housing member and away from the first housing member.
16. The differential pressure gauge of claim 13, wherein an outer diameter of the piston is greater than an inner diameter of the hollow cylinder.
17. The differential pressure gauge of claim 13, wherein the first housing member and the piston are formed from the same material.
18. A differential pressure gauge comprising:
a hollow cylinder;
a first housing member disposed at a first end of the cylinder, the first housing member having a first pressure inlet in fluid communication with a first source of a pressurized fluid;
a second housing member disposed at a second end of the cylinder, the second housing member having a second pressure inlet in fluid communication with a second source of a pressurized fluid having a higher pressure than the first source of a pressurized fluid;
a piston having a first end in fluid communication with the first pressure inlet and a second end in fluid communication with the second pressure inlet, wherein the piston is slidably disposed in the first housing member and separates the first housing member into a low pressure side adjacent the first end of the piston and a high pressure side adjacent the second end of the piston;
a remote indicator coupled to the second end of the piston, at least a portion of the remote indicator having a visual indicator extending into the hollow cylinder; and
a spring configured to urge the remote indicator in a direction toward the second housing member and away from the first housing member;
wherein an increased pressure difference between the first pressure inlet and the second pressure inlet causes the remote indicator to move in a direction away from the second housing member and toward the first housing member, the remote indicator providing a measure of the pressure difference between the first end and the second end of the piston.
19. The differential pressure gauge according to claim 18, further including indicia disposed on or adjacent an outer surface of the hollow cylinder, the indicia disposed at least one of adjacent and overlapping a portion of the hollow cylinder that is at least one of transparent and translucent, wherein the indicia is compared to a position of a visual indicator disposed on the remote indicator to determine a difference in pressure measured between a first end of the piston and a second end of the piston.
20. The differential pressure gauge according to claim 18, wherein the spring is a helical compression spring having a first and a second end, the first end abutting the first housing member and the second end abutting the remote indicator.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A mass spectrometry belonging to a mass spectrometry of ionizing a sample, analyzing its mass spectrum, and measuring the number of ions at each mass number, said mass spectrometry characterized by comprising the steps of;
a step of setting the element to be measured as the first measurement target,
a step of searching for elements that interfere with said first measurement target using the previously stored isotope information of elements;
a step, when interfering elements are found to be present during said search, of selecting the second measurement target from among the isotopes of said interfering elements;
a step of carrying out measurement of said first measurement target and said second measurement target, and;
a step of calculating the amount of ions of said first measurement target using the measurement result of the amount of ions of said second measurement target.
2. A mass spectrometry as defined in claim 1 said mass spectrometry characterized in that,
said first measurement target is obtained by selecting from among the element names displayed on the screen, the isotopes of those selected elements being displayed on the screen, and selecting from among the displayed isotopes.
3. A mass spectrometry as defined in claim 1, said mass spectrometry characterized in that,
when there are several interference elements for said first measurement target, several of said second measurement targets are selected.
4. A mass spectrometry as defined in claim 3 said mass spectrometry characterized in that,
the amount of interference ions interfering with said first measurement target is calculated from the amount of ions of said second measurement target, and the amount of ions of said first measurement target is calculated by subtracting the amount of ions of said interference elements from the amount of ions measured at the mass number of said first measurement target.
5. A mass spectrometry for ionizing a sample, analyzing its mass spectrum, and measuring the number of ions at each mass number, said mass spectrometry characterized by comprising the steps of;
a step of setting the element to be measured as the first measurement target,
a step of searching for elements that interfere with said first measurement target using the previously stored isotope information of elements;
a step, when interfering elements are found to be present during said search, of searching for an isotope with no other interfering element present from among the isotopes of said interference elements, and selecting it as the second measurement target;
a step of carrying out measurement of said first measurement target and said second measurement target, and;
a step of calculating the amount of ions of said first measurement target using the measurement result of the amount of ions of said second measurement target.
6. A mass spectrometry as defined in claim 5 said mass spectrometry characterized in that,
said first measurement target is obtained by selecting from among the element names displayed on the screen, the isotopes of those selected elements being displayed on the screen, and selecting from among the displayed isotopes.
7. A mass spectrometry as defined in claim 1, said mass spectrometry characterized in that,
when there are several interference elements for said first measurement target, several of said second measurement targets are selected.
8. A mass spectrometry as defined in claim 3 said mass spectrometry characterized in that,
the amount of interference ions interfering with said first measurement target is calculated from the amount of ions of said second measurement target, and the amount of ions of said first measurement target is calculated by subtracting the amount of ions of said interference elements from the amount of ions measured at the mass number of said first measurement target.
9. A mass spectrometer having an ion source that ionizes the sample, a mass analyzer section that analyzes the mass of the sample that is ionized by the ion source, a detection section that detects the sample ions subjected to mass analysis, and a data processing section containing a display section and an input section for carrying out the settings of different sections and the display of detection results, said mass spectrometer characterized is that,
said data processing section has a storage section in which the information of isotopes of elements and of isotope presence ratios has been stored,
said display section is provided with an element selection area for specifying the element to be measured and an isotope information area for displaying the isotopes of the element selected in said element selection area,
and the measurement target is determined by selecting any isotope from those displayed in said isotope information area.
10. A mass spectrometer as defined in claim 9, said mass spectrometer characterized in that,
said display section is provided with an interference ion information area for displaying the interference ion information of the isotopes selected in said isotope information area.
11. A mass spectrometer as defined in claim 10, said mass spectrometer characterized in that,
the information displayed in said isotope information area and in said interference ion information area are displayed based on the information stored in said storage section.