Author: claimsbot

1. An impeller suitable for use in a centrifugal pump, for handling liquid mixtures containing particulate solids the impeller including a shroud having opposed faces, an outer peripheral edge portion and a rotation axis, a plurality of pumping vanes on one of the faces of the shroud and extending away from the rotation axis each pumping vane having an outer peripheral edge portion, and a plurality of auxiliary vanes on the other face of the shroud, the auxiliary vanes of each having an outer edge portion wherein the dimension Da from the rotation axis to the outer peripheral edge portion of the shroud is greater than the dimension from the rotation axis to outer edge portion of the auxiliary vanes Db and is greater than the dimension Dc from the rotation axis to the outer peripheral edge portion of the pumping vanes.
2. (canceled)
3. An impeller according to claim 1 wherein said shroud is a back shroud.
4. An impeller according to claim 3 wherein the impeller further includes a front shroud, the pumping vanes being between the front and back shrouds and the auxiliary vanes being on the other face of one of the shrouds.
5. An impeller according to claim 3 wherein the impeller further includes a front shroud, the pumping vanes being between the front and back shrouds and the auxiliary vanes being on the other face of each of the shrouds.
6. An impeller according to claim 4 wherein the dimension Da of the front shroud is greater than the dimensions Db and Dc.
7. An impeller according to claim 4 wherein the dimension Da of the back shroud is greater than the dimensions Db and Dc.
8. An impeller according to claim 4 wherein the dimension Da of the front and back shrouds is greater than the dimensions Db and Dc.
9. An impeller according to claim 5 wherein the dimension Da of the front shroud is greater than the dimensions Db and Dc.
10. An impeller according to claim 5 wherein the dimension Da of the back shroud is greater than the dimensions Db and Dc.
11. An impeller according to claim 5 wherein the dimension Da of the front and back shrouds is greater than the dimensions Db and Dc.
12. An impeller according to claim 6 wherein Db and Dc are substantially the same.
13. An impeller according to claim 12 wherein Db and Dc are within 5% of each other.
14. An impeller according to claim 13 wherein Db is less than 0.95 Da.
15. An impeller according to claim 14 wherein DbDa is from 0.65 to 0.95.
16. An impeller according to claim 14 wherein DbDa is from 0.65 to 0.9.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An oxygen sensor comprising: a housing, a cathode, a bismuth anode, and an aqueous electrolyte comprising a polyol and a salt wherein the anode is substantially free of lead.
2. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the cathode comprises an electrically conductive material selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, iridium and carbon plated with platinum, gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, or iridium.
3. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the cathode is carbon plated with platinum.
4. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the salt is an alkaline salt.
5. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium acetate, and sodium acetate.
6. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the salt is potassium hydroxide.
7. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the salt is an ammonium quaternary hydroxide, R4N+OH\u2212.
8. The oxygen sensor of claim 7 wherein R is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and mixtures thereof.
9. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
10. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the polyol is glycerol.
11. The oxygen sensor of claim 1 wherein the polyol comprises about 20% to about 30% by volume.
12. An oxygen sensor comprising: a housing, a cathode, a bismuth anode, and an aqueous electrolyte that includes a salt and a polyol, wherein the anode is substantially free of lead.
13. The oxygen sensor of claim 12 wherein the cathode comprises an electrically conductive material selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, iridium and carbon plated with platinum, gold, silver, palladium, rhodium, or iridium.
14. The oxygen sensor of claim 12 wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium acetate, and sodium acetate.
15. The oxygen sensor of claim 12 wherein the salt is potassium hydroxide.
16. The oxygen sensor of claim 12 wherein the salt is an ammonium quaternary hydroxide, R4N+OH\u2212.
17. The oxygen sensor of claim 16 wherein R is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and mixtures thereof.
18. The oxygen sensor of claim 12 wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol and ethylene glycol.
19. The oxygen sensor of claim 12 wherein the polyol is glycerol.
20. An electrochemical sensor comprising a bismuth anode and aqueous electrolyte comprising a polyol and a salt.

1. A therapeutic system comprising:
a light source generating an output optical beam, comprising:
a plurality of semiconductor sources generating an input optical beam;
a multiplexer configured to receive at least a portion of the input optical beam and to form an intermediate optical beam; and
one or more fibers configured to receive at least a portion of the intermediate optical beam and to form the output optical beam, wherein the output optical beam comprises one or more optical wavelengths, and wherein at least a portion of the one of more fibers is a fused silica fiber with a core diameter less than approximately 400 microns;

an interface device configured to receive a received portion of the output optical beam and to deliver a delivered portion of the output optical beam to a sample, wherein the interface device comprises one or more lenses to focus at least a part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam on the sample, and wherein the interface device further comprises a surface cooling apparatus to reduce damage to a top surface of the sample; and
wherein the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam is at least partially absorbed in the sample to thermally damage at least a part of the sample, wherein a sample temperature in the part of the sample reaches about 65 Celsius or higher, while a cover temperature at the top surface of the sample remains less than about 65 Celsius, and wherein the output optical beam comprises a fluence less than about 250 Joules per centimeter squared.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the damage to at least the part of the sample is a thermal coagulation or occlusion procedure, and the sample comprises a skin.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the output optical beam comprises a pulse width less than several milliseconds, and wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is between approximately 900 to approximately 1150 nanometers, between approximately 1280 to approximately 1340 nanometers, or between approximately 1550 to approximately 1680 nanometers.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam penetrates into the sample a depth of 1.5 millimeters or more, and wherein the one or more lenses focus at least the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam on the sample so that the focused output optical beam overcomes a Beer’s law attenuation in the sample.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam further comprises a visible tracer beam, and the one or more lenses comprise an adjustable focal length system.
6. A therapeutic system comprising:
a light source generating an output optical beam, comprising:
one or more semiconductor sources generating an input optical beam;
one or more fibers configured to receive at least a portion of the input optical beam and to form an intermediate optical beam; and
a light guide configured to receive at least a portion of the intermediate optical beam and to form the output optical beam, wherein the output optical beam comprises one or more optical wavelengths;

an interface device configured to receive a received portion of the output optical beam and to deliver a delivered portion of the output optical beam to a sample, wherein the interface device comprises one or more lenses to focus at least a part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam on the sample, and wherein the interface device further comprises a surface cooling apparatus to reduce damage to a top surface of the sample; and
wherein at least some of the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam is at least partially absorbed in the sample to thermally damage at least a part of the sample, and wherein a sample temperature in the part of the sample reaches about 65 Celsius or higher, while a cover temperature at the top surface of the sample remains less than about 65 Celsius.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the light source comprises a plurality of semiconductor sources generating the input optical beam, and a multiplexer configured to receive at least a part of the input optical beam and further coupled to the one or more fibers.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam further comprises a visible tracer beam.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is between approximately 900 to approximately 1150 nanometers, between approximately 1280 to approximately 1340 nanometers, or between approximately 1550 to approximately 1680 nanometers.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the one or more lenses focus at least the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam on the sample so that the focused output optical beam overcomes a Beer’s law attenuation in the sample.
11. The system of claim 6, wherein the one or more lenses comprise an adjustable focal length system.
12. The system of claim 6, wherein the damage to at least the part of the sample is a thermal coagulation or occlusion procedure.
13. The system of claim 6, wherein the sample is selected from the group consisting of a superficial vein, a varicose vein, a fungal infection, a hemorrhoid, a tissue welding site, a finger nail and a toe nail.
14. The system of claim 6, wherein the output optical beam comprises a pulse width less than several milliseconds.
15. The system of claim 6, wherein at least some of the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam penetrates into the sample a depth of 1.5 millimeters or more.
16. The system of claim 6, wherein the output optical beam comprises a fluence less than about 250 Joules per centimeter squared.
17. A method of therapy comprising:
generating an output optical beam, comprising:
generating an input optical beam from one or more semiconductor sources;
forming an intermediate optical beam after propagating at least a portion of the input optical beam through one or more fibers; and
guiding at least a portion of the intermediate optical beam and forming the output optical beam, wherein the output optical beam comprises one or more optical wavelengths;

receiving a received portion of the output optical beam and delivering a delivered portion of the output optical beam to a sample;
focusing at least a part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam on the sample;
cooling a top surface of the sample;
absorbing at least some of the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam in the sample; and
damaging thermally at least a part of the sample, and wherein a sample temperature in the part of the sample reaches about 65 Celsius or higher, while a cover temperature at the top surface of the sample remains less than about 65 Celsius.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the output optical beam comprises a fluence less than approximately 250 Joules per squared centimeter, and wherein the sample comprises a skin.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the output optical beam comprises a pulse width less than several milliseconds, and wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is between approximately 900 to approximately 1150 nanometers, between approximately 1280 to approximately 1340 nanometers, or between approximately 1550 to approximately 1680 nanometers.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein at least some of the part of the delivered portion of the output optical beam penetrates into the sample a depth of 1.5 millimeters or more.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A resin film comprising a thermoplastic polyimide resin having a surface shape formed on at least one of the surfaces thereof, the surface shape having a Ra1 value of arithmetic mean roughness of 0.05 \u03bcm to 1 \u03bcm measured with a cutoff value of 0.002 mm, and a Ra1Ra2 ratio of 0.4 to 1, Ra2 being a value measured with a cutoff value of 0.1 mm.
2. The resin film according to claim 1, comprising a polyimide resin.
3. A laminate comprising at least one layer of the resin film according to claim 1.
4. The laminate according to claim 1 further comprising a metal layer provided on the surface having the surface shape.