Author: claimsbot

1. A method of programming a phase change memory device, the method comprising:
programming write data in a plurality of phase change memory cells by applying write pulses to each of the plurality of phase change memory cells; and
verifying whether each of the phase change memory cells is programmed by applying at least one verification pulse to each of the phase-change memory cells, wherein a number of applications for the at least one verification pulse and corresponding intervals between applications of the at least one verification pulse are varied in accordance with a verification result for each of the phase-change memory cells.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one verification pulse is not applied to a first phase change memory cell when the first phase change memory cell passes verification.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one verification pulse is continuously applied to a second phase change memory cell until the second phase change memory cell passes verification within a defined number of applications for the at least one verification pulse.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one verification pulse is applied to each of the phase-change memory cells at regular intervals.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one verification pulse is applied to each of the phase-change memory cells at increasing intervals.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the second phase change memory cell is determined to fail verification when the second phase change memory cell does not pass verification within the defined number of applications for the at least one verification pulse.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the write pulses and the at least one verification pulse are repeatedly applied to the second phase change memory cell which is determined to fail verification.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein verifying whether each of the phase change memory cells is programmed is simultaneously performed on a plurality of groups, each group including the phase change memory cells.
9. A phase change memory device, comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of phase change memory cells;
an inputout (IO) circuit, connected to each of the phase change memory cells through each of plurality of bit line selection transistors and configured to perform a program operation, a verification operation and a read operation on the phase change memory cells; and
a control circuit configured to control the IO circuit such that write data is programmed in the phase change memory cells by applying write pulses to each of the phase change memory cells, such that a determination of whether each of the phase change memory cells is programmed is verified by applying at least one verification pulse to each of the phase-change memory cells, wherein a number of applications of the at least one verification pulse and corresponding intervals between applications of the at least one verification pulse are varied in accordance with a verification result for each of the phase-change memory cells.
10. The phase change memory device of claim 9, wherein the IO circuit comprises:
a write driver configured to write data in the each the phase change memory cells by providing the write pulses to each of the phase change memory cells in response to a first control signal; and
a sensing unit configured to provide the at least one verification pulse to each of the phase-change memory cells in response to a second control signal, to sense data written in each of the phase-change memory cells in response to a third control signal and to compare the sensed data with the write data to provide a comparison signal.
11. The phase change memory device of claim 10, wherein the sensing unit comprises:
a precharging unit configured to apply the at least one verification pulse to the phase change memory cell;
a sense amplifier configured to sense the data written in the phase change memory cell; and
a comparator configured to compare the sensed data with the write data to provide the comparison signal.
12. The phase change memory device of claim 10, wherein the sensing unit comprises:
a precharging unit configured to apply the at least one verification pulse to the phase change memory cell; and
a sense amplifier configured to compare the data written in the phase change memory cell with a reference voltage to provide the comparison signal.
13. The phase change memory device of claim 10, wherein the control circuit comprises:
a control voltage generating unit configured to generate first and second control voltages for generating the write pulses and the at least one verification pulse;
a counter configured to count the comparison signal from the sensing unit to provide an output signal;
a delay unit configured to generate a delay control signal for controlling an applying time of the at least one verification pulse, in response to the output signal; and
a state circuit configured to receive the comparison signal and the output signal to output a state signal representing whether each of the phase change memory cells is programmed.
14. The phase change memory device of claim 13, wherein the control circuit controls the state circuit such that the state signal represents a pass when the comparison signal represents a program pass.
15. The phase change memory device of claim 13, wherein the control circuit controls the state circuit such that the state signal represents a fail, when the comparison signal does not represents a program pass within a predetermined value.
16. The phase change memory device of claim 10, further comprising:
an IO buffer configured to temporarily store the write data, wherein the control circuit controls the IO buffer and the IO circuit, such that the verification operation is simultaneously performed across a plurality of groups, each group including the phase change memory cells.
17. A memory system comprising:
a phase change memory device including a plurality of phase change memory cells storing data; and a memory controller configured to control the phase change memory device,
wherein the phase change memory device comprises:
an inputout (IO) circuit, connected to each of the phase change memory cells through each of plurality of bit line selection transistors and configured to perform a program operation, a verification operation and a read operation on the phase change memory cells; and
a control circuit configured to control the IO circuit such that write data is programmed in the phase change memory cells by applying write pulses to each of the phase change memory cells, such that a determination of whether each of the phase change memory cells is programmed is verified by applying at least one verification pulse to each of the phase-change memory cells, wherein a number of applications of the at least one verification pulse and corresponding intervals between applications of the at least one verification pulse are varied in accordance with a verification result for each of the phase-change memory cells.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell for generating electricity by chemical reaction between fuel gas and oxidant gas;
a supply channel for flowing said fuel gas supplied from fuel supply device to said fuel cell;
a circulation channel which is connected to said supply channel and which is for circulating exhaust gas, discharged from a fuel electrode of said fuel cell, to said fuel cell; and
an exhaust gas recovery channel which divides from said circulation channel and is connected to said circulation channel or said supply channel,
wherein said exhaust gas recovery channel comprises
a first control valve controlled by a control device,
a first exhaust gas storage unit connected to said first control valve, and
a pressure adjusting unit for setting said first exhaust gas storage unit to a negative pressure.
2. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said circulation channel includes a gas-liquid separating device for separating water and gas from the exhaust gas.
3. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust gas recovery channel includes a second exhaust gas storage unit, and a second control valve provided at a connection portion of said exhaust gas recovery channel and said supply channel, in addition to said first exhaust gas storage unit,
and wherein said pressure adjusting unit sets said first exhaust gas storage unit to a negative pressure and also pressurizes said second exhaust gas storage unit,
and wherein said control device controls opening of said first control valve and said second control valve.
4. A fuel cell system according to claims 1, wherein said exhaust gas recovery channel includes a fuel gas separating device for selectively separating fuel gas from the exhaust gas.
5. A fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein reactant gas included in impurity gas yielded by separating the fuel gas from the exhaust gas by said fuel gas separating device is burnt by a combustion device connected to said fuel gas separating device.
6. A fuel cell system according to claims 1, wherein said exhaust gas recovery channel further comprises a bypass channel circumventing said pressure adjusting unit,
and wherein said bypass channel includes a check valve for restricting backflow of the exhaust gas.

1. A method for use in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
receiving at least one message comprising signals representing a plurality of encoded code phase values associated with one or more satellite positioning system(s) (SPS(s)) and identifying a code phase origin reference value; and
establishing a plurality of code phase values corresponding to said plurality of encoded code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values and said code phase origin reference value.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one message comprises signals identifying a reference time value, and wherein establishing said plurality of code phase values comprises establishing said plurality of code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values, said code phase origin reference value, and said reference time value.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of code phase values is established by subtracting said code phase origin reference value and a corresponding one of said plurality of encoded code phase values from a reference time value.
4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein said reference time value comprises a local time value.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one message comprises acquisition assistance information signals sent by a location server to a mobile station.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one message comprises pseudorange measurement information signals sent by a mobile station to a location server.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one message comprises at least one Position Determination Data Message (PDDM).
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one SPS comprises at least one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and said at least one message comprises signals identifying said at least one GNSS and at least one GNSS resource associated with at least one of said plurality of encoded code phase values.
9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein said GNSS resource comprises at least one of a GPS resource, an SBAS resource, a QZSS resource, a GLONASS resource, a Galileo resource, andor a CompassBeiDou resource.
10. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein said GNSS resource is associated with at least one of a GNSS signal, a GNSS signal band, andor a space vehicle (SV).
11. A specific apparatus for use in a wireless communication network, the specific apparatus comprising:
means for receiving at least one message comprising signals representing a plurality of encoded code phase values associated with one or more satellite positioning system(s) (SPS(s)) and identifying a code phase origin reference value; and
means for establishing a plurality of code phase values corresponding to said plurality of encoded code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values and said code phase origin reference value.
12. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said at least one message comprises signals identifying a reference time value, and wherein said means for establishing said plurality of code phase values comprises means for establishing said plurality of code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values, said code phase origin reference value, and said reference time value.
13. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein each of said plurality of code phase values is established by subtracting said code phase origin reference value and a corresponding one of said plurality of encoded code phase values from a reference time value.
14. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein said reference time value comprises a local time value.
15. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said at least one message comprises acquisition assistance information signals sent by a location server to a mobile station.
16. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said at least one message comprises pseudorange measurement information signals sent by a mobile station to a location server.
17. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said at least one message comprises at least one Position Determination Data Message (PDDM).
18. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said at least one SPS comprises at least one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and said at least one message comprises signals identifying said at least one GNSS and at least one GNSS resource associated with said at least one of said plurality of encoded code phase values.
19. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein said GNSS resource comprises at least one of a GPS resource, an SBAS resource, a QZSS resource, a GLONASS resource, a Galileo resource, andor a CompassBeiDou resource.
20. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein said GNSS resource is associated with at least one of a GNSS signal, a GNSS signal band, andor a space vehicle (SV).
21. A specific apparatus for use in a wireless communication network, the specific apparatus comprising:
a receiver operatively enabled to receive at least one message comprising signals representing a plurality of encoded code phase values associated with one or more satellite positioning system(s) (SPS(s)) and identifying a code phase origin reference value; and
a signal processor operatively enabled to establish a plurality of code phase values corresponding to said plurality of encoded code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values and said code phase origin reference value.
22. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein said at least one message comprises signals identifying a reference time value, and wherein said signal processor is operatively enabled to establish said plurality of code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values, said code phase origin reference value, and said reference time value.
23. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein each of said plurality of code phase values is established by subtracting said code phase origin reference value and a corresponding one of said plurality of encoded code phase values from a reference time value.
24. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 23, wherein said reference time value comprises a local time value.
25. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein said specific apparatus comprises a mobile station and said at least one message comprises acquisition assistance information signals sent by a location server.
26. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein said specific apparatus comprises a location server and said at least one message comprises pseudorange measurement information signals sent by a mobile station.
27. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein said at least one message comprises at least one Position Determination Data Message (PDDM).
28. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein said at least one SPS comprises at least one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and said at least one message comprises signals identifying said at least one GNSS and at least one GNSS resource associated with at least one of said plurality of encoded code phase values.
29. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 28, wherein said GNSS resource comprises at least one of a GPS resource, an SBAS resource, a QZSS resource, a GLONASS resource, a Galileo resource, andor a CompassBeiDou resource.
30. The specific apparatus as recited in claim 28, wherein said GNSS resource is associated with at least one of a GNSS signal, a GNSS signal band, andor a space vehicle (SV).
31. An article comprising: a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer implementable instructions stored thereon which if implemented by one or more processing units in a specific apparatus operatively enable the specific apparatus to:
access at least one message comprising signals representing a plurality of encoded code phase values associated with one or more satellite positioning system(s) (SPS(s)) and identifying a code phase origin reference value; and
establish a plurality of code phase values corresponding to said plurality of encoded code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values and said code phase origin reference value.
32. The article as recited in claim 31, wherein said at least one message comprises signals identifying a reference time value, and further comprising computer implementable instructions which if implemented by the one or more processing units operatively enable the specific apparatus to establish said plurality of code phase values based, at least in part, on said plurality of encoded code phase values, said code phase origin reference value, and said reference time value.
33. The article as recited in claim 31, wherein each of said plurality of code phase values is established by subtracting said code phase origin reference value and a corresponding one of said plurality of encoded code phase values from a reference time value.
34. The article as recited in claim 33, wherein said reference time value comprises a local time value.
35. The article as recited in claim 31, wherein said specific apparatus comprises a mobile station and said at least one message comprises acquisition assistance information signals sent by a location server.
36. The article as recited in claim 31, wherein said specific apparatus comprises a location server and said at least one message comprises pseudorange measurement information signals sent by a mobile station.
37. The article as recited in claim 31, wherein said at least one message comprises at least one Position Determination Data Message (PDDM).
38. The article as recited in claim 31, wherein said at least one SPS comprises at least one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and said at least one message comprises signals identifying said at least one GNSS and at least one GNSS resource associated with at least one of said plurality of encoded code phase values.
39. The article as recited in claim 38, wherein said GNSS resource comprises at least one of a GPS resource, an SBAS resource, a QZSS resource, a GLONASS resource, a Galileo resource, andor a CompassBeiDou resource.
40. The article as recited in claim 38, wherein said GNSS resource is associated with at least one of a GNSS signal, a GNSS signal band, andor a space vehicle (SV).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A network system configured to carry data, comprising:
a plurality of networks, each network having at least one network device configured to transmit and receive data and having a network security policy;
a plurality of network control points, each network control point having at least one network control point device, wherein each of the plurality of network control points is connected to at least one of the plurality of networks, and wherein at least one of the network control point devices is configured to enforce the network security policy of the network that is connected to the network control point device; and
a virtual backbone configured to connect the plurality of network control points to one another.
2. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone does not enforce any network security policy with respect to data being transmitted across the virtual backbone.
3. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone has a registry that stores an address range of the plurality of known networks that are connected to the virtual backbone.
4. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone is implemented using one or more of the following: communication lines, an internet service provider, a virtual private network, and a public network.
5. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone is external to the plurality of networks.
6. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone is external to the plurality of network control points.
7. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone is configured to enforce source address integrity.
8. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the network control point devices in each of the plurality of network control points has unrestricted network connectivity to at least one of the network control point devices within all of the other network control points within the same virtual backbone.
9. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of networks is defined by an address range.
10. A network system as defined in claim 9, wherein each of the network devices in each of the plurality of networks has an address contained within the address range.
11. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of network control points ensures source address integrity.
12. A network system as defined in claim 1, wherein the virtual backbone is an external network established and implemented by a plurality of internet service providers.
13. A network system configured to carry data, comprising:
a virtual backbone;
a plurality of network control points, each network control point having at least one network control point device, which is connected to the virtual backbone and configured to enforce a network security policy of a known network;
a plurality of known networks, each known network is connected to at least one of the plurality of network control point devices and has a network security policy; and
a plurality of unknown networks, each unknown network is connected to at least one of the plurality of network control point devices, and having no network security policy.
14. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein the virtual backbone has a registry that stores an adress range of the plurality of known networks that are connected to the virtual backbone.
15. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein the virtual backbone is an external network established and implemented by a plurality of internet service providers.
16. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein the virtual backbone is external to the plurality of known networks.
17. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein the virtual backbone is external to the plurality of network control points.
18. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein at least one of the network control point devices in each of the plurality of network control points has unrestricted network connectivity to at least one of the network control point devices within all of the other network control points within the same virtual backbone.
19. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of known networks is defined by an address range.
20. A network system as defined in claim 19, wherein each of the network devices in each of the plurality of known networks has an address contained within the address range.
21. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein the virtual backbone is configured to enforce source address integrity.
22. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein each of the network devices in each of the plurality of known networks has unrestricted network connectivity to all other network devices within the same known network.
23. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of network control points ensures source address integrity.
24. A network system as defined in claim 13, wherein the virtual backbone is implemented using one or more of the following: communication lines, an internet service provider, a virtual private network, and a public network.
25. A network system configured to carry data, comprising:
first and second known networks;
first and second virtual backbones, each virtual backbone having an address registry, which includes addresses corresponding to network devices in the first and second known networks;
a first network control point configured to connect the first known network to the first virtual backbone and configured to enforce a network security policy of the first known network;
a second network control point configured to connect the second known network to the second virtual backbone and configured to enforce a network security policy of the second known network;
a third network control point configured to connect to the first virtual backbone and configured to enforce source address integrity for the first and second virtual backbones; and
a fourth network control point configured to be coupled to the third network control point and the second virtual backbone and configured to enforce source address integrity for the first and second virtual backbones.
26. A network system as defined in claim 25, further comprising a third known network configured to connect to the third network control point.
27. A network system as defined in claim 26, wherein the third network control point is configured to enforce a network security policy of the third known network.
28. A network system as defined in claim 26, wherein the third known network is configured to connect to the fourth network control point.
29. A network system as defined in claim 26, wherein the fourth network control point is configured to enforce a network security policy of the third known network.
30. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein the first and second virtual backbones are external networks established and implemented by a plurality of internet service providers.
31. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein the first and second virtual backbones are external to the first and second known networks.
32. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein the first and second virtual backbones are external to the network control points.
33. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein the first and second virtual backbones are configured to enforce source address integrity.
34. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein all of the network devices in the first and second known networks have unrestricted network connectivity to all other network devices within the same known network.
35. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth network control points ensure source address integrity.
36. A network system as defined in claim 25, wherein the first and second virtual backbones are implemented using one or more of the following:
communication lines, an internet service provider, a virtual private network, and a public network.