1. A receiver in a mobile communication network, including:
a receiving unit to receive signals transmitted through at least two channels;
a channel estimator to form a channel estimate for each transmit channel;
at least two linear filters, wherein each linear filter is configured to filter each transmitted signal received, each filter having a filter coefficient defining the filtering;
a calculating unit to form at least one combining weight by convolving each channel estimate and each filter coefficient; and
a combiner, which is configured to
form at least two filter-specific weighted signals by weighting each filtered signal with the at least one combining weight, and
combine the at least two filter-specific weighted signals to provide an estimate for the transmitted signals.
2. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two linear filters include a first linear filter having a first filter coefficient and a second linear filter having a second filter coefficient, wherein the first filter is configured to receive a first channel having a first channel coefficient and the second filter is configured to receive a second channel having a second channel coefficient.
3. A receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the calculating unit is configured to form a first combining weight by convolving the first filter coefficient and the first channel coefficient, and
the combiner is configured to form a filter-specific weighted signal for the first filter by applying the formed first combining weight.
4. A receiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the calculating unit is configured to form a second combining weight by convolving the first filter coefficient and the second channel coefficient, and
the combiner is configured to form a filter-specific weighted signal for the first filter by applying the formed second combining weight.
5. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculating unit is configured to form a space-time block decoding matrix of the at least one combining weight.
6. A receiver as claimed in claim 5, wherein the decoding matrix includes at least one matrix element different from a set of values including 0, 1 and \u22121.
7. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combiner is configured to perform the combination according to following:
d
^
1
\u2062
=
^
\u2062
d
^
1
,
1
d
^
1
,
2
*
=
h
1
,
1
*
h
2
,
1
–
h
2.1
*
h
1
,
1
\xb7
r
1
d
^
2
\u2062
=
^
\u2062
d
^
2
,
1
d
^
2
,
2
*
=
h
1
,
2
*
h
2
,
2
–
h
22
*
h
1
,
2
\xb7
r
2
d
^
\u2062
=
^
\u2062
d
^
1
d
^
2
*
=
d
^
1
+
d
^
2
\u2062
\u2003
, wherein
{circumflex over (d)} is an estimate for each transmitted signal d,
{circumflex over (d)}j estimate of the transmitted signal from each filter j=1,2,
{circumflex over (d)}j,n an estimate of the transmitted signal from each filter j=1,2 at a time instant n=1,2,
hi,j is a convolution of a channel coefficient of each channel i=1,2 and the filter coefficient of each filter j=1,2,
* denotes a complex conjugate, and
ri is a signal received through each channel i=1,2.
8. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combiner includes a closed-loop combiner for combining one symbol transmitted via the at least two channels.
9. A receiver as claimed in claim 8, wherein the closed-loop combiner is configured to perform combining each transmitted signal d being equal to wFBI,1d+wFBI,2d, wherein wFBI,1d denotes a signal transmitted in a first channel and wFBI,2d denotes a signal transmitted in a second channel, wherein wFBI,1 is a first weight factor and wFBI,2 is a second weight factor, the combining being performed according to formula:
d
^
\u2062
=
^
\u2062
w
^
FBI
,
1
*
\u2062
h
1
,
1
*
+
w
^
FBI
,
2
*
\u2062
h
2
,
1
*
\u2062
\u2003
\u2062
w
^
FBI
,
1
*
\u2062
h
1
,
2
*
+
w
^
FBI
,
2
*
\u2062
h
2
,
2
*
\u2061
r
1
r
2
,
wherein
{circumflex over (d)} is an estimate for each transmitted signal d,
\u0175FBI,i* is a complex-conjugate of assumed or estimated weight used in each channel i=1,2,
hi,j* is a complex conjugate of a convolution for a channel coefficient of each channel i=1,2 and the filter coefficient of each filter j=1,2, and
ri is a signal received through each channel i=1,2.
10. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver includes a mobile phone.
11. A receiver in a mobile communication network, comprising:
means for receiving signals transmitted through at least two channels;
means for forming a channel estimate for each transmit channel;
means for filtering the received signals in channel-specific linear filters to provide an estimate for a desired signal in each channel;
means for forming at least one combining weight by convolving a channel estimate and a filter coefficient;
means for forming filter-specific weighted signals by weighting the received signals with the formed at least one combining weight;
means for combining the filter-specific weighted signals to provide an estimate for the transmitted signals.
12. A subassembly for a mobile terminal, comprising:
a calculating unit to form at least one combining weight by convolving a channel estimate and a filter coefficient; and
a combiner, which is configured to
form at least two filter-specific weighted signals by weighting a filtered signal with the at least one combining weight, and
combine the at least two filter-specific weighted signals.
13. A mobile communication system, comprising:
a transmitter and a receiver, wherein
the transmitter is configured to apply transmit diversity so as to provide at least two transmit channels, and the receiver is configured to
receive signals transmitted in the at least two transmit channels,
form a channel estimate for each transmit channel,
filter the received signals in channel-specific linear filters to provide an estimate for a desired signal in each transmit channel,
form at least one combining weight by convolving a channel estimate and a filter coefficient,
form filter-specific weighted signals by weighting the received signals with the formed at least one combining weight, and
combine the filter-specific weighted signals to provide an estimate for the transmitted signals.
14. A software product, including software code portions for implementing the steps of:
receiving signals transmitted in at least two transmit channels by applying transmit diversity;
forming a channel estimate for each transmit channel;
filtering the received signals in channel-specific linear filters to provide an estimate for a desired signal in each channel;
forming at least one combining weight by convolving a channel estimate and a filter coefficient;
forming filter-specific weighted signals by weighting the filtered signals with the formed at least one combining weight; and
combining the filter-specific weighted signals to provide an estimate for the transmitted signals.
15. A method for processing a signal in a mobile communication network, comprising:
transmitting signals via at least two transmit channels;
receiving the signals transmitted in the at least two transmit channels;
forming a channel estimate for each transmit channel;
filtering the received signals in channel-specific linear filters to provide an estimate for a desired signal in each channel;
forming at least one combining weight by convolving a channel estimate and a filter coefficient;
forming filter-specific weighted signals by weighting the filtered signals with the formed at least one combining weight; and
combining the filter-specific weighted signals to provide an estimate for the transmitted signals.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
I claim:
1. A method of forming hollow positioning elements for implanting medical materials, comprising:
disposing a unitary coating of a synthetic bioabsorbable material on an elongate core;
removing the core so that the coating is hollow; and
cutting the coating into a plurality of segments.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of disposing includes passing the elongate core through a die in the presence of the synthetic bioabsorbable material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the die defines an aperture, the diameter of the core being less than the diameter of the aperture to create a space between the die and the core at which the coating is disposed on the core.
4. The method of claim 1, the core having an exterior surface and including a polymer that at least substantially forms the exterior surface.
5. The method of claim 4, the polymer being a poly(fluorocarbon)
6. The method of claim 1, the core including a braided metal wire.
7. The method of claim 6, the core including a polymer, the braided metal wire being coated with the polymer.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic bioabsorbable material includes a polymer, the polymer including as least one of polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and polydioxanone.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic bioabsorbable material is at least substantially liquid during the step of disposing and at least substantially solid during the step of removing, the method further comprising the step of cooling the coating so that the coating solidifies.
10. The method of claim 1, the segments being configured to be received in a bore of a needle.
11. A positioning element produced according to the method of claim 1.
12. A device for positioning medical material in living tissue, comprising:
an element configured to be received in a bore of a cannula, the element being formed unitarily of a synthetic bioabsorbable material and including a central portion, the element having side walls that define a cavity in the central portion.
13. The device of claim 12, the element having a central axis, the side walls enclosing the cavity generally parallel to the central axis.
14. The device of claim 12, wherein the element has opposing end portions that flank the central portion, the cavity extending from the central portion through each of the opposing end portions.
15. The device of claim 14, where element has a central axis, the cavity having a diameter measured orthogonal to the central axis, the diameter being at least substantially constant along the central axis.
16. The device of claim 12, wherein the element has opposing end portions that flank the central portion, at least one of the end portions being at least substantially sealed.
17. The device of claim 12, wherein the element is a hollow tube.
18. The device of claim 12, the element being a plurality of elements, the plurality including a carrier for holding radioactive seeds and at least one spacer configured to be disposed within the carrier to space the radioactive seeds.
19. The device of claim 18, the synthetic bioabsorbable material being at least substantially identical for the carrier and the at least one spacer.
20. A device for carrying medical material into tissue from a cannula, comprising:
an elongate element configured to be received in the cannula, the element being formed unitarily of a synthetic bioabsorbable material and defining a cavity for holding the medical material.
21. The device of claim 20, the elongate element being at least substantially tubular.
22. The device of claim 20, the cannula including a needle having a numerical gauge of at least 12.
23. The device of claim 20, the synthetic bioabsorbable material including a polymer, the polymer including as least one of polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and polydioxanone.
24. The device of claim 20, wherein the medical material is a radioactive seed, the device further comprising at least one radioactive seed disposed in the cavity.
25. The carrier of claim 24, wherein the at least one radioactive seed is a plurality of radioactive seeds, and the device further comprises at least one spacer disposed in the cavity and separating at least two seeds of the plurality.
26. A device for spacing medical materials in tissue, comprising:
a tubular element configured to be disposed between a pair of the medical materials to define a spacing between the pair, the element being formed unitarily of a synthetic bioabsorbable material.
27. The device of claim 26, the tubular element and medical materials being configured to be received in a cannula for delivery into the tissue.
28. The device of claim 26, the tubular element being configured to be disposed in a carrier that holds the tubular element and medical materials during delivery from a cannula into tissue.
29. The device of claim 28, wherein the carrier is formed of the synthetic bioabsorbable material.