Author: claimsbot

1. A charging device having a roll shape and configured to contact an image receptor as a body to be charged and to be capable of rotating due to rotation of the image receptor, the charging device comprising:
a hollow roll having a cylindrical shape and formed of a hollow elastic member; and
flanges having rotation axes and formed of elastic members, the flanges inserted into two ends of the hollow roll to increase an inner diameter of the hollow roll.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the hollow roll and at least one of the flanges have conductivity.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the flanges contact the image receptor via the hollow roll and are driven by rotation of the image receptor.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the rotation axes of the flanges are pressed against the image receptor.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the flanges are bonded to the hollow roll.
6. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image receptor configured to transfer a supplied toner based on an electrostatic latent image and to form an image on a medium;
a developing agent receptor configured to supply the toner to the image receptor; and
a charging roller configured to contact the image receptor, to rotate due to rotation of the image receptor, and to electrify the image receptor,
wherein the charging roller comprises
a hollow roll having a cylindrical shape and formed of a hollow elastic member; and
flanges having rotation axes and formed of elastic members, the flanges inserted into two ends of the hollow roll to increase an inner diameter of the hollow roll.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hollow roll and at least one of the flanges have conductivity.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the flanges contact the image receptor via the hollow roll and operate by rotation of the image receptor.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the rotation axes of the flanges are pressed against the image receptor.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the flanges are bonded to the hollow roll.
11. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hollow roll is formed of conductive rubber.
12. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the flanges include conic lateral surfaces that are inserted into two ends of the hollow roll to broaden both ends of the hollow roll.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method to resolve queries, the method comprising:
receiving a query term from a search portal, the search portal including an initial taxonomy;
matching the query term to a first resolver category within a resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a first resolver term from the first resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term in a mapping module, the first mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of the corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the first mapping term, upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category, the second resolver category relationally associated with the first resolver category, upon a determination that the first resolver term does not correspond to the first mapping term;
determining if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in the mapping module, the second mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of a corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the second mapping term, upon a determination that the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
matching the query term to a second resolver category within the resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term and if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in a mapping module; and
transmitting an identification of a corresponding first search category within an initial taxonomy which is mapped to the first resolver term and an identification of a corresponding second search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the second resolver term upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term and the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of receiving a query term comprises
receiving the query term from a search portal upon a determination by the search portal that the query term is not located within a search category of an initial taxonomy.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising
transmitting an identification of at least one additional term from the first resolver category relationally associated to the retrieved term from the first resolver category.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a variation on the spelling of the query term.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a foreign language spelling of the query term.
8. A computer-readable storage medium encoding a computer program for executing on a computer system a computer process to resolve queries, the computer process comprising:
receiving a query term from a search portal, the search portal including an initial taxonomy;
matching the query term to a first resolver category within a resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a first resolver term from the first resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term in a mapping module, the first mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of the corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the first mapping term, upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term.
9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 further comprising:
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category, the second resolver category relationally associated with the first resolver category, upon a determination that the first resolver term does not correspond to the first mapping term;
determining if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in the mapping module, the second mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of a corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the second mapping term, upon a determination that the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 further comprising:
matching the query term to a second resolver category within the resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term and if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in a mapping module; and
transmitting an identification of a corresponding first search category within an initial taxonomy which is mapped to the first resolver term and an identification of a corresponding second search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the second resolver term upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term and the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein receiving a query term comprises
receiving the query term from a search portal upon a determination by the search portal that the query term is not located within a search category of an initial taxonomy.
12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 further comprising
transmitting an identification of at least one additional term from the first resolver category relationally associated to the retrieved term from the first resolver category.
13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a variation on the spelling of the query term.
14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a foreign language spelling of the query term.
15. A query resolution system comprising:
a memory module;
a resolver taxonomy stored in the memory module, the resolver taxonomy including at least two relationally associated resolver categories; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the memory module operable to:
receive a query term from a search portal, the search portal including an initial taxonomy;
match the query term to a first resolver category within a resolver taxonomy;
retrieve a first resolver term from the first resolver category matching the query term;
determine if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term in a mapping module, the first mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmit, to the search portal, an identification of the corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the first mapping term, upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the processor is further operable to:
retrieve a second resolver term from a second resolver category, the second resolver category relationally associated with the first resolver category, upon a determination that the first resolver term does not correspond to the first mapping term;
determine if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in the mapping module, the second mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmit, to the search portal, an identification of a corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the second mapping term, upon a determination that the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further operable to:
match the query term to a second resolver category within the resolver taxonomy;
retrieve a second resolver term from a second resolver category matching the query term;
determine if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term and if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in a mapping module; and
transmit an identification of a corresponding first search category within an initial taxonomy which is mapped to the first resolver term and an identification of a corresponding second search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the second resolver term upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term and the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further operable to:
receive the query term from a search portal upon a determination by the search portal that the query term is not located within a search category of an initial taxonomy.
19. The system of claim 15 wherein the processor is further operable to:
transmit an identification of at least one additional term from the first resolver category relationally associated to the retrieved term from the first resolver category.
20. The system of claim 15, wherein a resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a variation on the spelling of the query term.
21. The system of claim 15, wherein a resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a foreign language spelling of the query term.

1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a display device configured for Internet access through an Internet Protocol television (IPTV) connection;
a graphical user interface (GUI) viewable on the display device; and
means for inputting a command to the GUI over the IPTV connection.
2. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein the means for inputting comprises:
an Internet access device configured to access the Internet, wherein the Internet access device is selected from a group of devices consisting of: a personal computer (PC), a laptop, an iPad, a tablet, a set top box, a smart phone, and an iPod.
3. The apparatus recited in claim 2, wherein the Internet access device accesses the Internet over a wired or wireless connection.
4. The apparatus recited in claim 2, wherein the Internet access device comprises one or more input devices selected from the group of input devices consisting of a keyboard, a touch screen, a multiple touch screen, a mouse, a touchpad, a tablet input device, a voice input, a joystick, a nunchuk, a sensor bar, and a motion sensor.
5. The apparatus recited in claim 4, wherein the motion sensor comprises:
one or more sensors in aggregate for:
detection of motion in at least two directions; and
detection of a \u201cselect\u201d command.
6. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein the means for inputting comprises a computer program executable by the display device, for performing one or more steps comprising:
displaying the GUI on the display device;
accepting one or more commands received over the IPTV connection; and
navigating the GUI according to the accepted commands.
7. The apparatus recited in claim 6, wherein the means for inputting is stored as a computer program executable on a computer readable medium.
8. The apparatus recited in claim 4, wherein the means for inputting comprises a computer program executable by the Internet access device, for performing one or more steps comprising:
receiving an input from one or more of the input devices;
translating the input into the command suitable for the GUI on the display device; and
transmitting the command over the IPTV connection to the GUI on the display device.
9. The apparatus recited in claim 8, wherein the means for inputting is stored as a computer program executable on a computer readable medium.
10. A method of controlling a display graphical user interface (GUI), comprising:
providing a display;
connecting the display to an Internet access through an Internet Protocol television (IPTV) connection; and
controlling a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display through one or more IPTV commands.
11. The method recited in claim 10, further comprising:
displaying the GUI on the display.
12. The method recited in claim 10, further comprising:
providing an Internet access device selected from a group of devices consisting of: a personal computer (PC), a laptop, an iPad, a tablet, a set top box, a smart phone, an iPod; and
transmitting one or more commands over IPTV from the Internet access device to the display GUI.
13. The method recited in claim 12, further comprising:
providing one or more input devices connected to the Internet access device, wherein the input devices are selected from the group of input devices consisting of a keyboard, a touch screen, a multiple touch screen, a mouse, a touchpad, a tablet input device, a voice input, a joystick, a nunchuk, a sensor bar, and a motion sensor.
14. The method recited in claim 13, wherein the input devices are connected to the Internet access device either wired or wirelessly.
15. The method recited in claim 13, further comprising:
translating, on the Internet access device, one or more inputs from the input devices into one or more of the commands suitable for controlling the GUI on the display.
16. The method recited in claim 15, wherein the controlling step is stored as a computer program executable on a computer readable medium.
17. The method recited in claim 14, wherein the controlling the GUI on the display step comprises:
transmitting, from the Internet access device to the GUI on the display, a descriptor of the input device connected to the Internet access device;
transmitting, from the input device to the display through the Internet access device over the IPTV connection, one or more inputs;
translating, on the display, the one or more inputs into one or more translated commands comprising one or more of the IPTV commands; and
executing, on the GUI on the display, the one or more translated commands;
whereby the GUI on the display is controlled by the translated commands.
18. The method recited in claim 17, wherein the controlling the GUI on the display step is stored as a computer program executable on a computer readable medium.
19. A method of Internet display control, comprising:
providing an Internet protocol television (IPTV) connection between a display and an Internet access device;
providing one or more inputs from an input device to the Internet access device;
transmitting the one or more inputs from the Internet access device to the display over the IPTV connection; and
thereby controlling a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on the display with the one or more inputs.
20. The method of Internet display control recited in claim 19, further comprising:
translating, on the display, the one or more inputs from the input device to one or more GUI commands; and
controlling the GUI via the one or more GUI commands.
21. A system for IPTV graphical user interface control, comprising:
a display device configured for Internet access through an Internet Protocol television (IPTV) connection;
a graphical user interface (GUI) viewable on the display device; and
an Internet access device configured for access the Internet over the IPTV connection;
wherein the Internet access device and the display device are configured for connection over the IPTV connection; and
wherein a command entered on the Internet access device controls the GUI on the display device over the IPTV connection.
22. A display device for IPTV graphical user interface control, comprising:
a display device configured for Internet access through an Internet Protocol television (IPTV) connection;
a graphical user interface (GUI) viewable on the display device;
wherein the GUI on the display device is controlled by commands communicated over the IPTV connection.
23. The display device recited in claim 22, comprising:
an Internet access device configured for access to the Internet over the IPTV connection;
wherein the Internet access device and the display device are configured for connection over the IPTV connection; and
wherein a command entered on the Internet access device controls the GUI on the display device over the IPTV connection.
24. The display device recited in claim 23, further comprising:
one or more input devices connected to the Internet access device, wherein the input devices are selected from the group of input devices consisting of a keyboard, a touch screen, a multiple touch screen, a mouse, a touchpad, a tablet input device, a voice input, a joystick, a nunchuk, a sensor bar, and a motion sensor.
25. The display device recited in claim 24, wherein the input devices are connected to the Internet access device either wired or wirelessly.
26. The display device recited in claim 24, wherein in the Internet access device, one or more inputs from the input devices are translated into one or more of the commands suitable for controlling the GUI on the display.
27. The display device recited in claim 26, wherein the one or more inputs from the input devices are translated into one or more of the commands suitable for controlling the GUI on the display by a computer program executable stored on a computer readable medium.
28. The display device recited in claim 23, wherein the Internet access device is selected from a group of devices consisting of: a personal computer (PC), a laptop, an iPad, a tablet, a set top box, a smart phone, and an iPod.
29. An Internet access device, comprising:
an Internet access device configured for Internet access over an IPTV connection;
one or more input devices connected to the Internet access device; and
a computer program executable on the Internet access device, wherein a command entered on the Internet access device by one or more of the input devices generates commands transmitted over the IPTV connection.
30. The Internet access device recited in claim 29, wherein the input devices are selected from the group of input devices consisting of a keyboard, a touch screen, a multiple touch screen, a mouse, a touchpad, a tablet input device, a voice input, a joystick, a nunchuk, a sensor bar, and a motion sensor
31. The Internet access device recited in claim 29, further comprising:
a display device configured for connection to the Internet over another IPTV connection;
wherein the Internet access device and the display device are configured for connection over the IPTV connection; and
wherein the generated commands of the Internet access device are transmitted over the IPTV connection to the display device to control a graphical user interface (GUI) resident on the display device.
32. The Internet access device recited in claim 29, wherein the input devices are connected to the Internet access device either wired or wirelessly.
33. The Internet access device recited in claim 31, wherein in the Internet access device, one or more inputs from the input devices are translated into one or more of the commands suitable for controlling the GUI on the display.
34. The Internet access device recited in claim 31, wherein the command from the input device is translated into one or more of the commands suitable for controlling the GUI on the display by a computer program executable stored on a computer readable medium.
35. The Internet access device recited in claim 23, wherein the Internet access device is selected from a group of devices consisting of: a personal computer (PC), a laptop, an iPad, a tablet, a set top box, a smart phone, and an iPod.
36. The Internet access device recited in claim 29, wherein the computer program executable is stored on a computer readable medium.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A self-emitting display in which a display region is plurally arranged in a matrix, wherein
a non-display region at a center portion of a screen is wider in width than a non-display region at a peripheral portion of the screen, or
the display region at the center portion of the screen is narrower than the non-display region at the peripheral portion of the screen.
2. A self-emitting display, comprising:
an insulation film with an aperture portion plurally arranged in a matrix; and
a light-emitting material placed in the aperture, wherein a non-display region at a peripheral portion of a screen is wider in width than the aperture at a center portion of the screen, or
the non-display region at the peripheral portion of the screen is narrower in width than the aperture at the center portion of the screen.
3. A self-emitting display in which a display region is plurally arranged in a matrix, wherein
a non-display region is increased in width from a center portion of a screen toward a peripheral portion of the screen, or
a display region is decreased in width from the center portion of the screen toward the peripheral portion of the screen.
4. A self-emitting display, comprising:
an insulation film with aperture portions arranged in a matrix; and
a light-emitting material placed in the aperture, wherein
a non-display region between the apertures is increased in width from a center portion of a screen toward a peripheral portion of the screen, or
a display region at a center portion of a screen is decreased in width from the center portion of the screen toward a peripheral portion of the screen.
5. A self-emitting display including a display screen with a plurality of pixels those are two-dimensionally arranged along a first direction and a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction, wherein
N (where N is an integer of 3 or more) of the pixels forms a pixel row along the first direction, and in the pixel row, a light-emitting region provided to both the 1st and Nth pixels is narrower in width along the first direction than a light-emitting region provided to the Mth (where M is an integer, satisfying 1<M<N) pixel.
6. The self-emitting display according to claim 9, wherein po1 the integer M is a value equal to \xbd of the integer N, or a value derived by rounding up \xbd of the integer N.
7. The self-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
a pixel line is formed with n of the pixels arranged along the second direction, and a light-emitting region provided to both the 1st and nth pixels is narrower in width along the second direction than a light-emitting region provided to the mth (where m is an integer, satisfying 1<m<n) pixel.
8. A self-emitting display in which an organic EL device including a pair of electrodes and a light-emitting layer therebetween is plurally arranged in a matrix, and one of the electrodes connected with a current supply line via a thin film transister, wherein
the current supply line is extending to a side of the matrix, and is narrowed in width toward a center portion of the screen.