Author: claimsbot

1. An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition containing (\u03b1) a compound represented by the following formula (\u03b1I) capable of generating an acid having a size of 200 \u212b3 or more in volume and (\u03b2) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation:
wherein in formula (\u03b1I), each of R1 to R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, each of R4 and R5 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a cyano group, and two or more members of R1 to R5 may combine with each other to form a ring,
R6 represents a substituent, and
A represents a monovalent organic group.
2. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1,
wherein A has a ring structure.
3. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the size of the acid generated from the compound (\u03b1) is 300 \u212b3 or more in volume.
4. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the size of the acid generated from said compound (\u03b1) is 400 \u212b3 or more in volume.
5. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1, which further contains (\u03b3) a resin having a group capable of decomposing by an action of acid to produce an alkali-soluble group and is used for positive pattern formation.
6. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the resin (\u03b3) having a group capable of decomposing by an action of acid to produce an alkali-soluble group is a resin containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2):
wherein in formula (2), R12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and
Ar represents an aromatic ring.
7. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1, which further contains (\u03b4) a crosslinking agent and is used for negative pattern formation.
8. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the crosslinking agent (\u03b4) is a compound having two or more hydroxymethyl groups or alkoxymethyl groups in the molecule.
9. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1, which further contains (\u03b5) a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and is used for negative pattern formation.
10. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 9,
wherein the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing compound (\u03b5) is a polymer compound containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2):
wherein in formula (2), R12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and
Ar represents an aromatic ring.
11. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1, which is used for electron beam or extreme-ultraviolet exposure.
12. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the compound (\u03b2) is a compound capable of generating an acid having a size of 200 \u212b3 or more in volume upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation.
13. A resist film formed using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition claimed in claim 1.
14. A resist-coated mask blanks coated with the resist film claimed in claim 13.
15. A resist pattern forming method comprising exposing the resist film claimed in claim 13 and developing the exposed film.
16. A resist pattern forming method comprising exposing the resist-coated mask blanks claimed in claim 14 and developing the exposed mask blanks.
17. A method for manufacturing an electronic device, comprising the resist pattern forming method claimed in claim 15.
18. An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition containing (A) a compound represented by the following formula (I) capable of generating an acid having a size of 200 \u212b3 or more in volume by an action of acid and (B) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation:
wherein in formula (I), R1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a silicon atom-containing group,
each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group or a heterocyclic group,
each of R4 to R6 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent,
at least two members of R1 to R6 may combine with each other to form a ring, and
A represents a monovalent organic group.
19. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, wherein A has a ring structure.
20. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, wherein the size of the acid generated from the compound (A) is 300 \u212b3 or more in volume.
21. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the size of the acid generated from the compound (A) is 400 \u212b3 or more in volume.
22. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, which further contains (D) a crosslinking agent.
23. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, which further contains (C) a compound having one or more phenolic hydroxyl groups or a compound where the hydrogen atom in at least one phenolic hydroxyl group out of the one or more phenolic hydroxyl groups is replaced by a group capable of leaving by an action of acid.
24. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 23,
wherein the compound (C) is a polymer compound containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1):
wherein in formula (1), R14 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
B represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, and
Ar represents an aromatic ring.
25. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 23,
wherein the compound (C) is a compound in which the hydrogen atom in at least one phenolic hydroxyl group out of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the compound having one or more phenolic hydroxyl groups is replaced by an acid-labile group represented by the following formula (III):
wherein in formula (III), each of L1 and L2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group,
M represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, and
Q represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group that may contain a heteroatom, an aromatic ring group that may contain a heteroatom, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a cyano group or an acyl group, provided that at least two members of Q, M and L1 may combine with each other to form a 5- or 6-membered ring.
26. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 23,
wherein the compound (C) is a polymer compound further containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3):
wherein in formula (3), R12 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
X represents a hydrogen atom or a group having a non-acid-decomposable polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, and when a plurality of X are present, at least one of the plurality of X represents a group having a non-acid-decomposable polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure,
Ar represents an aromatic ring group,
B represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, and
m is an integer of 1 or more.
27. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, wherein the compound (B) is a compound capable of generating an acid having a size of 200 \u212b3 or more in volume upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation.
28. A resist film formed using the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition claimed in claim 18.
29. A resist-coated mask blanks coated with the resist film claimed in claim 28.
30. A pattern forming method comprising exposing the resist film claimed in claim 28 and developing the exposed film.
31. A pattern forming method comprising exposing the resist-coated mask blanks claimed in claim 29 and developing the exposed mask blanks.
32. The pattern forming method as claimed in claim 30, wherein the exposure is performed using an electron beam, an X-ray or EUV light.
33. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, wherein R1 represents a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a group having a silicon atom, which may have a substituent.
34. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, wherein R1 represents a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group having a silicon atom, which may have a substituent.
35. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 2 or more.
36. The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition as claimed in claim 18, wherein R1 represents a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a silicon atom-containing group.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. Apparatus comprising at least one physical computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when loaded into at least one hardware processor and executed, transform the hardware processor to perform the following:
receive a request from at least one client device operating within a learning management system, wherein the request relates to executing a command within the learning management system;
execute the command in response to the request;
evaluate whether the client device is a mobile client device; and
format a response to the command based on whether the client device is a mobile client device.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to receive a request include instructions to receive a request to authenticate the client device to participate in the learning management system.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to receive a request include instructions to receive a request to upload content from the client device to a server system operating within the learning management system.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to receive a request include instructions to receive a request to download content to the client device from a server system operating within the learning management system.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising instructions to determine that the client system is a mobile client system, and wherein formatting a response includes formatting the response for rendering on the mobile client device.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising instructions to compress content for downloading to the mobile client device.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the instructions to format the response include instructions to format the response for rendering on a compact display screen provided by the mobile client device.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising instructions to synchronize status information related to the learning management system between the client device and a server system, in real time with occurrence of events represented in the status information.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising instructions to receive a request to authenticate the client device to participate in the learning management system.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising instructions to approve the authentication request.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising instructions to determine that the client device is a mobile communications device, and further comprising instructions to establish a session within the learning management system that designates the client device as a mobile communications device.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising instructions to send to the client device data representing a course calendar.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising instructions to send to the client device data representing least one alert related to the learning management system.
14. Apparatus comprising at least one physical computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when loaded into at least one hardware processor and executed, transform the hardware processor to perform the following:
receive at least one command from a user participating within a learning management system using a mobile client device;
evaluate whether to process the command locally at the mobile client device; and
providing a response to the command.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising instructions to send a request to process the command to a server operating within the learning management system, and further comprising instructions to receive a response to the request from the server.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the instructions to receive at least one command include instructions to receive at least one command to submit educational testing materials for assessment.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions to receive a response include instructions to receive an assessment of the educational testing materials.
18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the instructions to receive a command include instructions to receive information representing course enrollment information, and further comprising instructions to send the course enrollment information to a server operating within the learning management system.
19. A server system for operating in a learning management system, the server comprising:
at least one instance of processing hardware;
at least one bus system coupled to communicate with the processing hardware;
at least one computer-readable storage medium coupled to communicate with the processing hardware via the bus system, wherein the storage medium is encoded with computer-executable instructions that, when loaded into the processing hardware, transform the processing hardware to
receive a request from at least one client device operating within a learning management system, wherein the request relates to executing a command within the learning management system;
execute the command in response to the request;
evaluate whether the client device is a desktop client device having a first display screen of a first size or a mobile client device having a second display screen of a second size smaller than the first size; and
format a response to the command for rendering on the first or second display screen, based on whether the client device is the mobile client device.
20. The server system of claim 19, wherein the computer-readable storage medium further comprises a server-side learning management system and platform software, wherein the platform software is adapted to facilitate collaboration between a plurality of client devices and for managing documents within the learning management system.

1. A method for rate matching in equipment used in connection with a radio access network, the method using a rate-matching algorithm based on determining a starting parameter eini, the method characterized by:
a step of determining a characteristic distance D for an encoded block equal to the average distance between punctured bits for the encoded block when the average distance between punctured bits is greater than two, or equal to the average distance between transmitted bits when the average distance between punctured bits for the encoded block is less than two, or equal to two otherwise; and
a step of determining a new value of the starting parameter eini based on a cycling term having a value depending on a retransmission parameter R, the retransmission parameter R having a predetermined initial value for an original transmission and having different values for at least some subsequent retransmissions, the cycling term also depending on the characteristic distance D so as to never have a value exceeding a predetermined maximum value;
thereby providing retransmission with incremental redundancy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined maximum value is one less than the characteristic distance D.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio access network implements Flexible Layer One (FLO).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rate matching includes either repeating bits of an encoded block of a transport channel or puncturing bits of an encoded block of a transport channel so as to provide over the transport channel a rate-matched encoded block having a number of bits sufficient to ensure a predetermined total channel bit rate for a transmission time interval after multiplexing with all other transport channels to be transmitted by a same physical channel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio access network is a GSMEDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio access network is a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the retransmission parameter R is zero for the original transmission.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of the retransmission parameter R for the original transmission is incremented by one for each successive retransmission.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cycling term is given by the expression R mod D.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic distance D is determined according to:
D
=
e
plus
e
minus
\u2062
\u2062
for
\u2062
\u2062
e
plus
e
minus
>
2
,
and
D
=
e
plus
e
plus

–

e
minus
\u2062
\u2062
for
\u2062
\u2062
e
plus
e
minus
<
2
,
and otherwise,
D=2,
wherein and eplus and eminus are either as set out in 3GPP TR 45.902 or are as follows:
eplus=2\xd7Ni,j, and
eminus=2\xd7|\u0394Nij|,
in which: Ni,j is the number of bits in an encoded block before rate matching on transport channel i wihth transport format combination j; and \u0394Ni,j=Zi,j\u2212Zi-1,j\u2212Ni,j for i=1 . . . I, where I is the number of active transport channels, and
Z0,j=0, and
Z

i
,
j
=

\u230a
(
\u2211

m
=
1

i

\u2062
\u2062
RM
m

\xd7

N

m
,
j
)

\xd7

N
data
\u2211

m
=
1

I

\u2062
\u2062
RM
m

\xd7

N

m
,
j
\u230b
,
with RMi the semi-static rate matching attribute for transport channel i, and Ndata the total number of bits available in a radio block for the coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) corresponding to the active transport channels.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting parameter is determined according to:
eini=1+(R mod D)\xd7eminus for
\u2062
e
plus
e
minus
\u2265
2

,
and
eini=1(R mod D)\xd7(eplus\u2212eminus) for
e
plus
e
minus
<
2

,
wherein eplus and eminus are either as set out in 3GPP TR 45.902 or are as follows:
eplus=2\xd7Ni,j, and
eminus=2\xd7|\u0394Ni,j|,
in which: Ni,j is the number of bits in an encoded block before rate matching on transport channel i with transport format combination j; and \u0394Ni,j=Zi,j\u2212Zi-1,j\u2212Ni,j for i=1 . . . I, where I is the number of active transport channels, and
Z0,j=0, and
Z

i
,
j
=

\u230a
(
\u2211

m
=
1

i

\u2062
\u2062
RM
m

\xd7

N

m
,
j
)

\xd7

N
data
\u2211

m
=
1

I

\u2062
\u2062
RM
m

\xd7

N

m
,
j
\u230b
,
with RMi the semi-static rate matching attribute for transport channel i, and Ndata the total number of bits available in a radio block for the coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) corresponding to the active transport channels.
12. A transmitter of a radio access network, characterized in that it comprises means for performing the steps of claim 1.
13. A transmitter of a wireless terminal for communicating with a radio access network, characterized in that it comprises means for performing the steps of claim 1.
14. A system, comprising a transmitter of a radio access network and also a transmitter of a wireless terminal for communicating with the radio access network, the transmitters characterized in that each comprises means for performing the steps of claim 1.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A receiver comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to receive signals;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset with respect to each other;
said beam former including a control unit configured to periodically switch a beam set for receiving the signals among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a beam selector configured to select a beam from the switched beam set among the generated beams; and,
a processor configured to determine estimated data symbols from the received signals via the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
2. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the beam selector is configured to select the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each wireless transmitreceive unit (WTRU).
3. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the beam selector is configured to select beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold.
4. The receiver of claim 3 further comprising a maximal-ratio combiner configured to maximal-ratio combine the selected beams for each WTRU.
5. The receiver of claim 1 wherein estimated data symbols are obtained using each beam wherein communications are received.
6. The receiver of claim 1 wherein at least two sets of beams are generated.
7. The receiver of claim 6 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
8. The receiver of claim 7 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
9. The receiver of claim 7 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
10. The receiver of claim 9 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.
11. A receiver comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to receive signals;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other, and a beam set for receiving the signals being periodically switched among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a plurality of first data estimators for performing matched filtering of the received signals;
a summer configured to sum the output of the plurality of first data estimators; and
a second data estimator configured to generate estimated data symbols by performing a Cholesky decomposition, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
12. The receiver of claim 11 wherein the beam former generates at least two sets of beams wherein a control unit periodically switches between the at least two sets of beams.
13. The receiver of claim 12 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
14. The receiver of claim 13 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
15. The receiver of claim 14 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
16. The receiver of claim 15 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.
17. A method for enhancing reception of wireless communication signals, the method comprising:
providing an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;
receiving signals with the antenna array;
generating a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams;
grouping the plurality of beams into at least two beam groups, the beam groups being offset each other;
switching a beam group for receiving the signals periodically among at least two beam groups in turn in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam group by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam groups;
selecting at least one beam from the switched beam group for processing; and,
determining estimated data symbols using the received signals via the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected for processing for each transmitter from which a signal is detected.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein any number of beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold are selected for processing for each transmitter from which a signal is detected using a diversity combining scheme.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the diversity combining scheme is maximal-ratio combining.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least two groups of beams are offset with respect to each other.
22. A method for enhancing reception of wireless communication signals, the method comprising:
providing an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;
receiving signals with the antennas;
generating a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other, and a beam set for receiving the signals being switched periodically among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
performing matched filtering with a plurality of first data estimators;
summing output of the plurality of first data estimators; and,
performing a Cholesky decomposition in a second data estimator for generating estimated data symbols, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
23. A base station comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas configured to receive signals;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other;
said beam former including a control unit configured to periodically switch a beam set for receiving the signals among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a beam selector configured to select a beam from a switched beam set; and,
a processor configured to determine estimated data symbols from the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
24. The base station of claim 23 wherein the beam selector is configured to select the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each WTRU.
25. The base station of claim 23 wherein the beam selector is configured to select beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold.
26. The base station of claim 25 further comprising a maximal-ratio combiner configured to maximal-ratio combine the selected beams for each WTRU.
27. The base station of claim 23 wherein estimated data symbols are obtained using each beam wherein communications are received.
28. The base station of claim 23 wherein at least two sets of beams are generated.
29. The base station of claim 28 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
30. The base station of claim 29 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
31. The base station of claim 29 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
32. The base station of claim 31 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.
33. An integrated circuit comprising:
an input configured to receive signals from an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas;
a beam former configured to generate a predetermined pattern of a plurality of directional beams from the received signals, the plurality of beams being grouped into at least two beam sets, the beam sets being offset each other;
said beam former including a control unit configured to switch a beam set for receiving the signals periodically among at least two beam sets in turn while receiving the signals in order to compensate for a signal quality decrease in a cross over point between two adjacent directional beams in a beam set by averaging a signal quality of the received signals over said switched beam sets;
a beam selector configured to select a beam from a switched beam set; and,
a processor configured to determine estimated data symbols from the selected beam, whereby a scalloping loss in a crossover point between two adjacent directional beams is reduced.
34. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein the beam selector is configured to select the beam with the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each WTRU.
35. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein the beam selector is configured to select beams having a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above a predetermined threshold.
36. The integrated circuit of claim 35 further comprising a maximal-ratio combiner configured to maximal-ratio combine the selected beams for each WTRU.
37. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein estimated data symbols are obtained using each beam wherein communications are received.
38. The integrated circuit of claim 33 wherein at least two sets of beams are generated.
39. The integrated circuit of claim 38 wherein the at least two sets of beam are offset with respect to each other.
40. The integrated circuit of claim 39 wherein the at least two sets of beams are offset wherein beam centers of beams in a first beam set are located at midpoints between two adjacent beam centers of beams in a second beam set.
41. The integrated circuit of claim 39 wherein the control unit is configured to periodically toggle between the at least two sets of beams.
42. The integrated circuit of claim 41 wherein the control unit toggles between the at least two sets of beams on a per frame basis.