Author: claimsbot

1. A bone-ligament-bone construct, comprised from: bone marrow stromal cells provided on a substrate without disposing the cells in an exogenous scaffold; the cells cultured in vitro in fibrogenic medium comprising ligament growth medium such that the cells form a confluent ligament monolayer; and two bone constructs in contact with the confluent monolayer in ligament differentiation medium such that the monolayer detaches from the substrate to at least partially surround each bone construct and functionally integrate therewith, thereby forming a three-dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct, and wherein the ligament differentiation medium includes a lower serum concentration compared with the ligament growth medium.
2. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the monolayer is constrained by at least two anchors secured thereto; and the bone construct is provided in contact with the monolayer.
3. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone and ligament form an enthesis at the bone-ligament interface.
4. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone-ligament-bone construct is cylindrical.
5. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone-ligament-bone construct is compliant.
6. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone portion of the construct exhibits mineralization andor alkaline phosphatase activity.
7. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone and ligament portion include type I collagen.
8. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the ligament portion does not exhibit mineralization.
9. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein one bone end is removed to form a bone-ligament construct.
10. A scaffold-free, three dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct, comprised from: bone marrow stromal cells provided on a substrate without disposing the cells within an exogenous scaffold, wherein the cells are cultured in vitro in ligament growth medium such that the cells form a confluent monolayer and detach from the substrate to form a self-organized three-dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct when in co-culture in a ligament differentiation medium, wherein the ligament differentiation medium includes a lower serum concentration compared with the ligament growth medium.
11. The scaffold-free bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 10, further comprising at least two anchors secured to the substrate and the confluent monolayer in spaced relationship to constrain development of the three-dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct.
12. The scaffold free bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 11, wherein one bone end is removed to form a bone-ligament construct.
13. A method for repairing a damaged enthesis comprising implanting a bone-ligament-bone or bone-ligament construct of claim 1 into a subject in need thereof.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the damaged enthesis is a bone-ligament enthesis.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ligament is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the bone section of the construct is inserted into holes drilled into native bone and secured to native bone or surrounding connective tissue.
17. A method for repairing a damaged enthesis comprising implanting a bone-ligament-bone or bone-ligament construct of claim 10 into a subject in need thereof.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the damaged enthesis is a bone-ligament enthesis.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the ligament is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An ester composition for use in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition comprising the reaction product of:
at least one poly-carboxylic acid;
at least one mono-alcohol; and
at least one poly-alcohol.

wherein the resulting ester has a molecular weight of 1,500 daltons and contains one or more branched groups.
2. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one poly-carboxylic acid is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R1(C(O)OH)n, where n is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R1 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride.
3. The ester composition of claim 2, wherein said hydrocarbondiyl group is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
4. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one mono-alcohol is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R2OH, where R2 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbyl group.
5. The ester composition of claim 4, wherein R2 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
6. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one poly-alcohol is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R3(OH)x, where x is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R3 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group.
7. The ester composition of claim 6, wherein R3 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
8. An ester composition for use in a in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition obtained by the stepwise reaction of at least one poly-carboxylic acid and at least one mono-alcohol that is then reacted with at least one poly-alcohol, wherein said at least one poly-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:
R1(C(O)OH)n
where n is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R1 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride; wherein said at least one mono-alcohol is represented by the formula:
R2OH
where R2 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; and wherein at least one poly-alcohol is represented by the formula:
R3(OH)x
where x is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R3 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; and wherein at least one of R1. R2. and R3 has one or more branched groups, and the resulting ester has a molecular weight of at least 1,500 daltons.
9. An ester composition for use in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition comprising the reaction product of:
at least one poly-alcohol;
at least one mono-carboxylic acid; and
at least one poly-carboxylic acid,

wherein the resulting ester has a molecular weight of 1,500 daltons and contains one or more branched groups.
10. The ester composition of claim 9, wherein the at least one poly-alcohol is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R4(OH)m, where m is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group.
11. The ester composition of claim 10, wherein said hydrocarbondiyl group is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
12. The ester composition of claim 10, wherein the at least one mono-carboxylic acid is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R5C(O)OH, where R5 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbyl group.
13. The ester composition of claim 12, wherein R5 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
14. The ester composition of claim 10, wherein the at least one poly-carboxylic acid is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R6(C(O)OH)y, where y is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R6 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride.
15. The ester composition of claim 14, wherein R6 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
16. An ester composition for use in a in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition obtained by the stepwise reaction of at least one poly-alcohol and at least one mono-carboxylic acid that is then reacted with at least one poly-carboxylic acid, wherein said at least one poly-alcohol is represented by the formula:
R4(OH)m
where m is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R4 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; wherein said at least one mono-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:
R5C(O)OH
where R5 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; wherein said at least one poly-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:
R6(C(O)OH)y
where y is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R6 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride; and wherein at least one of R4. R5. and R6 has one or more branched groups, and the resulting ester has a molecular weight of at least 1,500 daltons.
17. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the ester has a viscosity of less than 1000 mPa\xb7s.
18. The ester composition of claim 8, wherein the ester has a viscosity of less than 1,000 mPa\xb7s.
19. A personal care composition comprising an ester of claim 1 in combination with an active ingredient selected from vitamins, anti-stretch mark compounds, astringents, draining compounds, hair growth compounds, skin and hair nourishing compounds, skin and hair protecting compounds, self-tanning compounds, skin lighteners, lip plumping compounds, anti-aging compounds, anti-cellulite compounds, anti-acne compounds, anti-dandruff compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds, analgesics, antioxidant compounds, antiperspirant compounds, deodorant compounds, hair fixative polymers, hair and skin conditioners; and combinations thereof.
20. The personal care composition of claim 19 further comprising an additive andor an adjuvant selected from solvents, acidifying pH adjusting agents, alkalizing pH adjusting agents and buffering agents, film formers, fillers, rheology modifiers, emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers, waxes, dispersants, viscosity control agents, solvents, electrolytes, auxiliary conditioning agents, non-surfactant suspending aids, glossifiers, penetrants, antistatic agents, synthetic oils, vegetable or animal oils, silicone oils, monomeric or polymeric quaternized ammonium compounds, sheen enhancers, moisturizers, emollients, humectants, lubricants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents; surfactants, plasticizers, tackifiers, detackifiers, wetting agents, chelating agents, opacifiers, pearlescing agents, proteinaceous materials and derivatives thereof, preservatives; fragrances, solubilizers, colorants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, propellants, natural and derivatized hydrocolloids and the quaternized derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.
21. A personal care composition of claim 23 further comprising an additive andor an adjuvant selected from solvents, acidifying pH adjusting agents, alkalizing pH adjusting agents and buffering agents, film formers, rheology modifiers, emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers, waxes, dispersants, viscosity control agents, solvents, electrolytes, auxiliary conditioning agents, non-surfactant suspending aids, glossifiers, penetrants, antistatic agents, synthetic oils, vegetable or animal oils, silicone oils, monomeric or polymeric quaternized ammonium compounds, sheen enhancers, moisturizers, emollients, humectants, lubricants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, surfactants, plasticizers, tackifiers, detackifiers, wetting agents, chelating agents, opacifiers, pearlescing agents, proteinaceous materials and derivatives thereof, preservatives; fragrances, solubilizers, colorants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, propellants, natural and derivatized hydrocolloids and the quaternized derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.
22. A personal care composition of claim 20 wherein said composition is a product selected from lipstick, foundation makeup, eye shadow, blush, eyeliner, lipstick, mascara, and concealer.
23. A personal care composition comprising an ester of claim 9 in combination with an active ingredient selected from vitamins, anti-stretch mark compounds, astringents, draining compounds, hair growth compounds, skin and hair nourishing compounds, skin and hair protecting compounds, self-tanning compounds, skin lighteners, lip plumping compounds, anti-aging compounds, anti-cellulite compounds, anti-acne compounds, anti-dandruff compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds, analgesics, antioxidant compounds, antiperspirant compounds, deodorant compounds, hair fixative polymers, hair and skin conditioners; and combinations thereof.
24. A personal care composition of claim 23, wherein said composition is a product selected from lipstick, foundation makeup, eye shadow, blush, eyeliner, lipstick, mascara, and concealer.

1. A securing arrangement for securing an actuating lever to a spindle, the securing arrangement comprising a fastening formation rotatably co-operable, in use, with a corresponding fastening formation on the spindle, and being rotatable relative to the spindle and lever to a securing position in which the respective fastening formations co-operate so that the securing arrangement secures the actuating lever to the spindle, wherein the securing arrangement includes anti-rotation means for preventing rotation of the securing arrangement from the securing position wherein said anti-rotation means extends generally radially from said securing arrangement and wherein the anti-rotation means is axially deflectable from the radially extending position to permit rotation of the securing arrangement, in use, relative to the spindle and lever.
2. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the anti-rotation means is co-operable, in use, with the actuating lever to prevent rotation of the securing arrangement from the securing position.
3. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the anti-rotation means is arranged to abut a side face of the actuating lever, in use, to prevent rotation of the securing arrangement from the securing position.
4. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the anti-rotation means extends generally circumferentially around the securing arrangement.
5. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the anti-rotation means comprises an anti-rotation tab.
6. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the anti-rotation means comprises a plurality of anti-rotation tabs, each anti-rotation tab extending generally radially from the securing arrangement.
7. A securing arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of anti-rotation tabs are arranged generally circumferentially around the securing arrangement.
8. A securing arrangement according to claim 6, wherein adjacent anti-rotation tabs are arranged to be generally in abutment with each other.
9. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the securing arrangement includes a circumferentially extending flange portion, the anti-rotation means being defined by the flange portion.
10. A securing arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the securing arrangement includes a fastening portion extending from the flange portion, the fastening formation being provided on the fastening portion.
11. A securing arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the fastening portion extends from the flange portion generally perpendicular thereto.
12. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the fastening formation comprises a threaded formation co-operable, in use, with a corresponding threaded formation on the spindle.
13. A securing arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the securing arrangement is adapted to secure an actuating lever to a spindle in a rotary component of a gas turbine engine.
14. A gas turbine engine incorporating a securing arrangement according to claim 1 for securing an actuating lever to a spindle in a rotary component of the gas turbine engine.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus for signal processing based on an algorithm for representing harmonics in a fractal lattice, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a plurality of tuned segments, each tuned segment including a transceiver having an intrinsic resonant frequency, the amplitude of the resonant frequency capable of being modified by at least one of the group of steps consisting of receiving an external input signal, and internally generating a response to an applied feedback signal;
(b) a plurality of signal processing elements arranged in an array pattern, the signal processing elements including at least one function selected from the group consisting of buffer means for storing information, feedback means for generating a feedback signal, controller means for controlling an output signal, connection means for connecting the plurality of tuned segments to signal processing elements, and feedback connection means for conveying signals from the plurality of signal processing elements in the array to the tuned segments; and
wherein individual ones of the signal processing elements include a neural-column structure having a plurality of layers, at least some of which layers are capable of functioning as counting circuits.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the tuned segments are arranged consecutively in a cochlea-like pattern and together form an active cochlear model device.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the counting circuits are selected from the group consisting of 2:1 counters, 3:1 counters, 5:1 counters, 7:1 counters, and 11:1 counters.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of signal processing elements are arranged so that an output from the counting circuits can be directed to a counting circuit in another signal processing element in order to generate a plurality of signals at subharmonic frequencies, each subharmonic frequency being associated with a separate signal processing element.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the algorithm comprises the steps of:
(a) creating a rectangular array, with position along the row indicating magnitude in the first dimension and position in the column indicating magnitude along a second dimension;
(b) making a plurality of copies of the array and displacing them horizontally for the next dimension, the plurality of arrays indicating the various magnitudes;
(c) making a plurality of copies of all the previous arrays and displacing them vertically, the plurality of arrays corresponding to various magnitudes in the next dimension, and the totality in effect being a larger array;
(d) repeating step (b) and then step (c) alternately for subsequent dimensions; and
(e) associating a value R with each point on a fractal lattice according to a formula having a factor for each dimension, with each factor having an integer exponent for each magnitude, the formulae following the prototype: associating a value R with each point j,k,l,m,n) on the fractal lattice, according to the formula for five dimensions:
#EQ1#R=2.sup.j*3.sup.k*5.sup.L*7.sup.m*11.sup.n.
where the factors 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11 are dimensions and j, k, l, m, and n are magnitudes.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a fractal lattice of a reduced number of dimensions is provided, with mapping based on:
(a) four dimensions corresponding to the factors 3, 5, 7, and 11;
(b) mapping based on three dimensions corresponding to the factors 3, 5, and 7 or the factors 3,5, and 11;
(c) mapping based on the two dimensions corresponding to the factors 3 and 5; and
(d) in (a), (b), and (c), associating values to points on the fractal lattice according to a formula with a factor for each dimension, and integer exponents for each magnitude.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a fractal lattice with dimensions numbering greater than five is constructed based on factors selected from the group consisting of 13, 17, 19, 23, and higher prime numbers; and a fractal lattice is constructed based on factors that are composite numbers, the mapping associating values with points on the fractal lattice according to a formula with a factor for each dimension, and integer exponents for each magnitude.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing elements include the feedback means for generating the feedback signal and feedback adjustment means for adjusting feedback to tuned segments to provide a subthreshold signal (at the characteristic frequency) that improves sensitivity to amplitudes near a threshold value.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein feedback signals are fed from a plurality of points forming a pattern on a fractal map that includes harmonically related signals that minimize interference beating due to alternating constructive and destructive interference.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein feedback signals are from a plurality of points forming a pattern on a fractal map that are sampled rapidly to maintain phase sensitivity and produce a strobing effect in the cochlear model.
11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein harmonically related signals of similar phase derived from subharmonic generators are used to reinforce input signals at tuned segments by subthreshold strobing at the characteristic frequency of such segments.
12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein feedback signals are fed from a plurality of points on a fractal map having subregions with at least two separate phases simultaneously, each phase directed to distinct segments of the cochlear model, including but not limited to those responding to input signals from different sources.
13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein feedback signals from a single point on a fractal map are directed to a plurality of segments that correspond to magnitudes along one of the dimensions of the fractal map, wherein the magnitudes are selected from a multiplexed signal from one signal processing element to multiple segments having characteristic frequencies F, 2F, 4F, 8F, 16F and 32F.
14. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein feedback signals from a plurality of points forming a pattern that moves sequentially across a fractal map are directed to a plurality of tuned segments to reinforce transient input signals.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein signal processing elements are combined to function as a rhythm generator for output signals or information storage.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an optimal number of tuned segments and signal processing elements are determined by the degree of fine-grainedness and speed of acquisition of the input signal.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an optimal number of tuned segments and signal processing elements are determined by the degree of fine-grainedness and speed of a feedback response.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an optimal number of dimensions in the fractal lattice and range of values in each dimension is sensitivity and specificity of input and feedback signals of the individual tuned segments of the transceiver.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an optimal number of dimensions in the fractal lattice and range of values in each dimension is determined by computational complexity and processing speed.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fractal lattice includes guide means for guiding an organizational pattern for local sections of the array by performing at least one of the processes in a group consisting of:
(a) establishing sensory and feedback connections between the signal processing element for a given frequency and the tuned segment having approximately the same characteristic frequency;
(b) generating a plurality of subharmonic signals that fall within the relevant frequency range of the tuned segments, and tentatively connecting these signal processing elements to the appropriate tuned segments;
(c) selecting unassigned tuned segments and tentatively connecting them to available signal processing elements at dispersed points in the array, approximately matching the intrinsic frequency of each tuned segment with signal processing elements that can create a rhythm generator for another local area of subharmonic frequencies;
(d) maintaining areas of overlapping subharmonics if their interacting counting circuits can be shared and are consistent, and removing the tentative connections if they are inconsistent;
(e) removing any tentative connections from any feedback processing elements in the array if their feedback goes to neighboring tuning segments that are too close together, so that similarly tuned neighboring segments become associated with signal processing elements that are widely spaced; and
(f) continuing until signal processing elements are connected to a sufficient number of tuning segments and a sufficient number of subharmonic generators have been organized to cover the array.
21. A method of signal processing based on an algorithm for distributed representation of signals, and of the harmonic relations between components of such signals, represented by a fractal lattice which includes multiple dimensions based on harmonic fields, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) mapping input signals to signal processing elements arranged in an array;
(b) processing signals to generate a plurality of feedback signals at subharmonic frequencies; and
(c) combining the plurality of feedback signals with subsequent input signals.
22. The method according to claim 21, and further including the step of providing additional harmonic information in an expanded fractal lattice reflecting a dimension selected from the group consisting of 13, 17, 19, 23, and higher prime numbers.
23. The method according to claim 21, and including the step of simplifying the algorithm by removing one or more factors in order to allow a fractal lattice of a recorded dimension.
24. The method according to claim 21, and including the step of modeling an input signal as a spectral representation selected from the group consisting of a discrete Fourier transform and a logarithmic frequency spectrum.
25. The method according to claim 21, and including the step of deriving the input signal from speech sounds.
26. The method according to claim 21, and including the step of deriving the input signal from the group consisting of musical sounds, a mixture of speech and music, and a mixture of audio signals other than speech, music and a mixture of speech and music.
27. The method according to claim 21, and including the step of deriving the input signal from signals of unknown origin.
28. A computer readable medium having instructions for performing steps according to the method of claim 21.
29. A method for connecting tuned segments to elements in a signal processing array, the method including a step selected from the group consisting of:
(a) establishing initial sensory and feedback connections between a signal processing element for a given frequency and a tuned segment having approximately the same characteristic frequency;
(b) making connections to segments with a frequency lower than a given segment, by generating a plurality of subharmonic signal that fall within the relevant frequency range of the tuned segments, and tentatively connecting at least one signal processing elements to the appropriate tuned segments;
(c) making connections to segments with a frequency higher than a given segment, by using a fractal map with a reduced number of dimensions so that the magnitude along one dimension is not specified;
(d) allowing in effect a multiplexed feedback signal from a point in the fractal map, such as a signal at characteristic frequencies F, 2F, 4F, 8F, 16F and 32F;
(e) selecting unassigned tuned segments and tentatively connecting them to available signal processing elements at dispersed points in the array, thereby approximately matching the intrinsic frequency of each tuned segment;
(f) balancing the processes of connecting signal processing elements to lower frequency segments and the process of connecting signal processing elements to higher frequency segments;
(g) maintaining areas of overlapping subharmonics if their interacting counting circuits can be shared and are consistent, and removing tentative connections if they are inconsistent; and
(h) maintaining connections to points in the fractal map of higher frequency if their multiplexed signals are consistent, and removing tentative connections from the points in the fractal map if they are inconsistent.