Author: claimsbot

1-7. (canceled)
8. A multilayer catalyst for the oxidation of naphthalene or o xylenenaphthalene mixtures to phthalic anhydride, which comprises at least three catalyst layers which each comprise vanadium oxide and titanium dioxide and have alkali metal contents selected so that
a) the alkali metal content of one catalyst layer A is the highest,
b) a catalyst layer Z which follows the catalyst layer A in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 0 to 10% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A and
c) the catalyst layers located between the catalyst layers A and Z have an alkali metal content of from 30 to 90% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A, with the alkali metal content of each catalyst layer being higher than the alkali metal content of the next catalyst layer in the flow direction.
9. The multilayer catalyst according to claim 8 having four layers, wherein the alkali metal contents of the catalyst layers are selected so that
a) the alkali metal content of one catalyst layer A is the highest,
b) a catalyst layer B which follows the catalyst layer A in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 60 to 90% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A,
c) a catalyst layer C which follows the catalyst layer B in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 30 to 59% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A,
d) a catalyst layer Z which follows the catalyst layer C in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 0 to 10% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A.
10. The multilayer catalyst according to claim 8, wherein the bed length of the catalyst layer A is in the range from 10 to 50% of the total catalyst fill height in the reactor.
11. The multilayer catalyst according to claim 9, wherein the bed length of the catalyst layer A is in the range from 10 to 50% of the total catalyst fill height in the reactor.
12. A process for the oxidation of naphthalene or o xylenenaphthalene mixtures to phthalic anhydride which comprises utilizing a multilayer catalyst comprising at least three catalyst layers which each comprise vanadium oxide and titanium dioxide and have alkali metal contents selected so that
a) the alkali metal content of one catalyst layer A is the highest,
b) a catalyst layer Z which follows the catalyst layer A in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 0 to 10% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A and
c) the catalyst layers located between the catalyst layers A and Z have an alkali metal content of from 30 to 90% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A, with the alkali metal content of each catalyst layer being higher than the alkali metal content of the next catalyst layer in the flow direction.
13. The process according to claim 12 wherein the catalyst is a four-layer catalyst, wherein the alkali metal contents of the catalyst layers are selected so that
a) the alkali metal content of one catalyst layer A is the highest,
b) a catalyst layer B which follows the catalyst layer A in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 60 to 90% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A,
c) a catalyst layer C which follows the catalyst layer B in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 30 to 59% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A,
d) a catalyst layer Z which follows the catalyst layer C in the flow direction has an alkali metal content of from 0 to 10% of the alkali metal content of the catalyst layer A.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A seed planter for planting seeds in a trench in the ground, the seed planter comprising a seed hopper for receiving round and cylindrically shaped seeds, an upright endless belt supported for movement along a path and including an upward portion adapted for upward movement through the hopper and a downward portion adapted for movement downwardly towards the ground, a plurality of vertically offset cups attached to the endless belt for movement along the path, the cups opening upwardly into the hopper on the upward portion and opening downwardly to release the seeds towards the ground on the downward portion, adjacent cups each adapted to receive an individual seed as the cups moves upwardly with the belt through the hopper, the improvement comprising:
a seed-intercepting indexing pocket facing one of the adjacent cups, the indexing pocket orienting the seed released from the adjacent cup relative to the trench.
2. The seed planter as set forth in claim 1 wherein the indexing pocket includes a concave partial cylindrical portion supporting a cylindrical seed having a length to diameter ratio of approximately 3 to 1 or less.
3. The seed planter as set forth in claim 2 wherein the cups have an upwardly concave surface for supporting the cylindrical seed as the cups move upwardly through the hopper.
4. The seed planter as set forth in claim 1 wherein the hopper includes a hopper floor angled towards the belt and a seed pressure head reducer projecting upwardly from the floor adjacent the path.
5. The seed planter as set forth in claim 4 wherein each of the cups include a leading edge projecting towards the floor and the seed pressure head reducer includes an upright wall adjacent the leading edge.
6. The seed planter as set forth in claim 4 wherein the belt supports at least two transversely spaced columns of the vertically offset cups and the pressure head reducer is located between the spaced columns.
7. The seed planter as set forth in claim 1 wherein the cups include undersides, and wherein the seed-intercepting indexing pockets are located on the undersides.
8. A seed planter for planting seeds in a trench in the ground, the seed planter comprising a seed hopper for receiving the seeds, an upright endless belt supported for movement along a path and including an upward portion adapted for upward movement through the hopper and a downward portion adapted for movement downwardly towards the ground, a plurality of vertically offset cups attached to the endless belt for movement along the path, the cups including a seed pickup surface concave upwardly on the upward portion, the cups opening downwardly to releases the seeds towards the ground on the downward portion, the upward movement of the upward portion singulating the seeds in the cups, the improvement comprising:
the cups having an underside including a seed-intercepting orientation pocket opening upwardly towards an upwardly adjacent cup on the downward portion, the pocket orienting the seed released from the upwardly adjacent cup relative to the trench.
9. The seed planter as set forth in claim 8 wherein the pickup surface includes a concave partial cylindrical portion supporting a cylindrical seed having a length to diameter ratio of approximately 3 to 1 or less.
10. The seed planter as set forth in claim 9 wherein the orientation pocket comprises a cylindrically-shaped object receiving portion for orienting a cylindrical seed having a length to diameter ratio of 3 to 1 or less.
11. The seed planter as set forth in claim 8 wherein the hopper includes a hopper floor angled towards the belt and a seed pressure head reducer projecting upwardly from the hopper floor adjacent the path.
12. The seed planter as set forth in claim 11 wherein each of the cups include a leading edge projecting towards the floor and the seed pressure head reducer includes an upright wall adjacent the leading edge.
13. The seed planter as set forth in claim 11 wherein the belt supports at least two transversely spaced columns of the vertically offset cups and the pressure head reducer is located between two of the columns of vertically offset cups.
14. A seed planter for planting seeds in a trench in the ground, the seed planter comprising a seed hopper for receiving the seeds, an upright endless belt supported for movement along a path and including an upward portion adapted for upward movement through the hopper and a downward portion adapted for movement downwardly towards the ground, a plurality of vertically offset cups attached to the endless belt for movement along the path, the cups including a seed pickup surface concave upwardly on the upward portion, the hopper including an angled floor directing the seed by gravity towards the seed pickup surfaces of the cups, the cups opening downwardly to releases the seeds towards the ground on the downward portion, the upward movement of the upward portion singulating the seeds in the cups, the improvement comprising:
a seed pressure head reducer projecting upwardly from the floor adjacent the cups, pressure head reducer defining a seed path leading into the seed pickup surface and preventing binding of the seeds.
15. The seed planter as set forth in claim 14 wherein the pressure head reducer comprises a triangular shaped cone member supported above the angled floor.
16. The seed planter as set forth in claim 14 wherein the vertically offset cups comprise upright columns of cups for side-by-side movement of the cups along the path, and wherein the pressure head reducer is located between the columns to prevent movement of seed from one column to the other.
17. The seed planter as set forth in claim 16 wherein the upright columns of cups comprise cylindrical receiving portions for receiving cylindrically shaped seeds having a length to diameter ratio of 3 to 1 or less.
18. The seed planter as set forth in claim 17 wherein the cylindrical receiving portions are located on the seed pickup surface and on a side of the cup opposite the seed pickup surface for orienting cylindrical seeds as the seeds fall from the next adjacent cups on the downward portion of the endless belt.
19. A seed planter for planting seeds in a trench in the ground, the seed planter comprising a seed hopper for receiving seeds, an upright endless belt supported for movement along a path and including an upward portion adapted for upward movement through the hopper and a downward portion adapted for movement downwardly towards the ground, a plurality of vertically offset cups attached to the endless belt for movement along the path, the cups opening upwardly into the hopper on the upward portion and opening downwardly to releases the seeds towards the ground on the downward portion, adjacent cups each adapted to receive an individual seed as the cups moves upwardly with the belt through the hopper, the improvement comprising:
the cups having cylindrical seed receiving and orienting portions, the cylindrical seed receiving and orienting portions lying on generally partial cylinders having length to diameter ratios on the order of 3 to 1.
20. The planter as set forth in claim 19 wherein the receiving and orienting portions are located on opposite sides of each of the cups to define an upwardly directed seed pickup concavity on the upward portion of the belt and an upwardly directed seed orientation cavity on the downward portion of the belt.
21. The planter as set forth in claim 19 further comprising a seed hopper floor angled downwardly towards the cups and a seed pressure head reducer projecting vertically from the floor adjacent the cups.

1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising
a) a therapeutically effective amount of exo-S-mecamylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, substantially free of exo-R-mecamylamine;
b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and
c) pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amount is about 0.5 mg to about 1000 mg.
3. The composition of claim 1 which is adapted for administration intravenously, transdermally, intrathecally, orally, intramuscularly, or by bolus injection.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dosage form is adapted for use in a transdermal formulation or patch, solid or liquid preparation, sustained release form, tablet, capsule or gel cap.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the substantially pure exo-S-mecamylamine is greater than 95% by weight and exo-R-mecamylamine is less than 5% by weight.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the substantially pure exo-S-mecamylamine is greater than 98% by weight and exo-R-mecamylamine is less than 2% by weight.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the substantially pure exo-S-mecamylamine is greater than 99% by weight and exo-R-mecamylamine is less than 1% by weight.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the substantially pure exo-s-mecamylamine is greater than 99.5% by weight and exo-R-mecamylamine is less than 0.5% by weight.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the substantially pure exo-S-mecamylamine is greater than 99.7% by weight and exo-R-mecamylamine is less than 0.3% by weight.
10. A method of treating a substance addiction in a mammal, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of exo-S-mecamylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, substantially free of its exo-R-mecamylamine, said amount being sufficient to alleviate cravings.
11. The method of claim 15 wherein the substance addiction involves nicotine, cocaine, alcohol, amphetamine, opiate, other psychostimulant and a combination thereof.
12. A method of treating Tourette’s Syndrome in a human in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the human with Tourette’s Syndrome, a therapeutically effective amount of exo-S-mecamylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, substantially free of exo-R-mecamylamine, the amount being sufficient to decrease the signs and symptoms of Tourette’s Syndrome.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein exo-S-mecamylamine is administered intravenously, transdermally, intrathecally, orally or by bolus injection.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the amount is about 0.5 mg, to about 20 mg.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein exo-S-mecamylamine is administered one to four times per day.
16. A method of treating a human with neuropsychiatric disorders, the method comprising administering to the human in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of exo-S-mecamylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, substantially free of exo-R-mecamylamine, the amount being sufficient to decrease the signs and symptoms of the neuropsychiatric disorder.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the neuropsychiatric disorder is bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, seizure disorders, Parkinson’s disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein exo-S-mecamylamine is administered intravenously, transdermally, intrathecally, orally or by bolus injection.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the amount is about 0.5 mg to about 20 mg.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein exo-S-mecamylamine is administered one to four times per day.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. Disposable strainer for infusing tea, which comprises:
a rigid base with a fold line along which the base of the strainer is folded once infusion is complete,
an easily deformable moisture-permeable infusion container and
a squeezing mechanism consisting of threads,
wherein the threads are laid over the surface of the moisture-permeable container of the strainer, and
wherein the squeezing mechanism allows by threads drawing to squeeze the infused tea inside the strainer once the strainer is folded.
2. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, which comprises a positioning overlay on the surface of the infusion container of the strainer,
wherein the positioning overlay allows to fix the threads in a specific position on the surface of the infusion container of the strainer without limiting the freedom of movement of the threads.
3. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, which comprises the squeezing mechanism with a various number of threads.
4. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, which comprises the squeezing mechanism with a varying pattern of distribution of threads.
5. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, wherein each thread comprises a first end and a second end,
wherein the first end is fixed and immovable, and wherein the second end is movable and drawn during squeezing.
6. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, wherein each thread comprises a first end and a second end,
wherein both first and second ends are equally movable.
7. Disposable strainer according to claim 5, which comprises holders at movable second ends of the threads of the squeezing mechanism.
8. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, wherein each thread comprises immovable end and movable end respectively,
wherein the rigid base comprises a body with grooves in the body,
wherein the squeezing mechanism is attached by the immovable ends of threads to the rigid base of the strainer, the immovable ends of the threads being fixed in the body of the rigid base, and
wherein the movable ends of the threads are passed through the grooves in the body of the rigid base of the strainer.
9. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, which comprises the squeezing mechanism attached to the infusion container of the strainer by at least one positioning overlays.
10. Disposable strainer according to claim 2, which comprises an infusion part presenting a surface size,
wherein a size of the positioning overlay is equal to the surface size of the infusion part.
11. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, wherein the rigid base is manufactured from a solid and easy flexible material chosen from plastic and cardboard;
wherein the infusion container is manufactured from an easily compressible and moisture-permeable material chosen from cellulose and filter paper.
12. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, which comprises a clamp on the rigid base of the strainer,
wherein the clamp allows to fix the rigid base of the strainer in the folded position.
13. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, wherein the fold line is marked by at least one of mentioned features: (a) perforation, (b) groove, (c) trough, or by their combination.
14. Disposable strainer according to claim 6, which comprises holders at both movable first and second ends of the threads of the squeezing mechanism.
15. Disposable strainer according to claim 12, wherein the clamp consists of:
a projecting part located on one half of the rigid base of the strainer, and
an opening of corresponding size on the other half of the rigid base,
wherein the projecting part is adapted to enter the opening and to hold on to the opening by friction once the strainer is folded.
16. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, wherein the rigid base comprises projections coinciding with the plane of the rigid base adapted for a more convenient grip on the strainer during folding.
17. Disposable strainer according to claim 13, wherein the rigid base comprises projections coinciding with the plane of the rigid base adapted for making wide and strong enough the areas adjacent to the fold line marked by perforation.
18. Disposable strainer according to claim 1, which is adapted to be fixed in the folded position by wrapping the drawn threads around the same.
19. Disposable strainer according to claim 2, wherein channels formed between the infusion container and the positioning overlay are adapted for allowing threads to move freely during squeezing and to keep threads from shifting apart.
20. Disposable strainer according to claim 19, wherein the positioning overlay has a shape chosen from round shape and cruciform shape.