Author: claimsbot

1. A single catheter for use in suturing conduit shaped tissue within a subjects body, the catheter comprising:
a flexible catheter having a proximal end portion configured to be connected to a urine collection bag, a distal end portion, and a lumen therebetween, the flexible catheter including:
one or more drain holes disposed in the distal end portion of the catheter, and
an inflatable expandable balloon attached to the flexible catheter at a location proximally spaced from the one or more drain holes disposed in the distal end portion, the inflatable expandable balloon being configured to be expanded within the conduit shaped tissue to anchor the catheter for indwelling purposes;
a grooved tip member disposed on the distal end portion of the flexible catheter, having a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves on an external surface of the tip member, the grooved tip member being configured to be positioned within adjoining portions of tissue to be sutured, such that a suture needle tip may be received within and guided by one of said plurality of grooves during suturing of adjoining tissue portions within a subject’s body; wherein the one or more drain holes disposed in the distal end of the catheter are located between the grooved tip member and the inflatable expandable balloon to provide for drainage of urine through the lumen to the proximal end portion of the catheter, and the catheter is made of a material with a flexibility sufficient to enable the catheter to be left within the patient for indwelling purposes after suturing to provide for drainage of urine.
2. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the grooved tip member is generally straight in configuration.
3. The catheter of claim 2 wherein the plurality of grooves are generally straight in configuration.
4. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the grooved tip member is slightly curved in shape.
5. The catheter of claim 4 wherein the plurality of grooves are slightly curved in shape corresponding to the curved shape of the tip member.
6. The catheter of claim 5 further including a knob at the proximal end portion that is positioned in alignment with a curve shape in the distal end portion.
7. The catheter of claim 6 wherein the one or more drain holes are positioned on opposing sides of the catheter and staggered to maintain consistency in the flexibility of the catheter.
8. The catheter of claim 6 wherein the plurality of grooves is in the range of 4 or 8 grooves.
9. A single catheter for use during an anastomosis procedure in suturing conduit shaped tissue within a subjects body, the catheter comprising:
a flexible tubular member having a proximal end portion configured to be connected to a urine collection bag, a distal end portion, and a lumen therebetween; wherein the catheter is made of a flexible material comprising latex or silicone such that the flexibility of the catheter enables the catheter to be left within the patient for indwelling;
one or more drain holes disposed in the distal end portion of the flexible tubular member, and
an inflatable expandable balloon member attached to the flexible tubular member at a location proximally spaced from the one or more drain holes disposed in the distal end portion of the flexible tubular member, the inflatable expandable balloon member being configured to be expanded to operatively anchor the distal end of the flexible tubular member in place within the conduit shaped tissue;
a grooved tip member disposed on the distal end portion, having a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves on an external surface of the tip member, the grooved tip member being configured to be positioned within adjoining portions of tissue to be sutured, such that a suture needle tip may be received within and guided by one of said plurality of grooves during suturing of adjoining tissue portions within a subject’s body, wherein the one or more drain holes in the distal end portion of the flexible tubular member are located between the grooved tip member and the inflatable expandable balloon to provide for drainage of urine fluid flow through the lumen, such that the catheter having the grooved tip member and one or more drain holes is configured to be used during suturing of conduit shaped tissue and to remain in place after suturing to serve as a Foley-type catheter for drainage of urine, to thereby reduce the risk of trauma associated with conventional anastomosis procedures that require the removal of both an intra-operative catheter and a second post-operative catheter.
10. The catheter of claim 9 wherein the grooved tip member is generally straight in configuration.
11. The catheter of claim 10 wherein the plurality of grooves are generally straight in configuration.
12. The catheter of claim 9 wherein the grooved tip member is slightly curved in shape.
13. The catheter of claim 12 wherein the plurality of grooves are slightly curved in shape corresponding to the curved shape of the tip member.
14. The catheter of claim 13 further including a knob at the proximal end portion that is positioned in alignment with a curve shape in the distal end portion.
15. The catheter of claim 14 wherein the tip member is made of one of a group consisting of ceramic, plastic or stainless steel.
16. The catheter of claim 14 wherein the plurality of grooves is in the range of 4 or 8 grooves.
17. The catheter of claim 16 wherein the plurality of grooves comprise a generally curved cross-sectional contour.
18. The catheter of claim 16 wherein the plurality of grooves comprise a generally triangularly notched cross-section.
19. The catheter of claim 17 wherein the flexible material permits the catheter to be guided through the body, and the grooved tip member comprise a generally rigid material to provide support and resist puncture by a suture needle during suture of adjoining portions of conduit tissue within a subject’s body.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate;
an interlayer dielectric layer having a damascene pattern on the semiconductor substrate;
a diffusion barrier comprising a trivalent material formed in the damascene pattern;
a seed layer formed on the diffusion barrier; and
a copper interconnection formed on the seed layer.
2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises an amorphous trivalent material.
3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises CoFeB.
4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the percentage of Co in the composition ratio of Co:Fe:B is in the range of about 30% to 70%.
5. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the percentage of Fe in the composition ratio of Co:Fe:B is in the range of about 30% to 70%.
6. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the percentage of B in the composition ratio of Co:Fe:B is in the range of about 5% to 10%.
7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises CoFeN.
8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion barrier has a thickness of about 500 \u212b to about 1000 \u212b.
9. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming an interlayer dielectric layer on a semiconductor substrate;
forming a damascene pattern in the interlayer dielectric layer;
depositing a trivalent material on the interlayer dielectric layer to form a diffusion barrier;
depositing a seed layer on the diffusion barrier; and
filling a copper interconnection in the damascene pattern.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises an amorphous trivalent material.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises CoFeB.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the percentage of Co in the composition ratio of Co:Fe:B is in the range of about 30% to 70%.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the percentage of Fe in the composition ratio of Co:Fe:B is in the range of about 30% to 70%.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the percentage of B in the composition ratio of Co:Fe:B is in the range of about 5% to 10%.
15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises CoFeN.
16. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffusion barrier has a thickness of about 500 \u212b to about 1000 \u212b.

1. A color temperature conversion system, comprising:
an XYZ conversion unit for converting an RGB signal of input image data into an XYZ value in a CIE coordinate system;
a chroma calculating unit for calculating X and Y coordinate values of a pixel corresponding to the converted XYZ value;
an offset compensate unit for compensating the X coordinate value calculated by the chroma calculating unit based on an X coordinate value difference and a Y coordinate value difference of a color temperature on a white point line of the CIE coordinate system and an actual color temperature of the image data, when the color temperature is calculated based on the calculated X coordinate value;
a color temperature calculating unit for calculating the color temperature of the image data that is inputted based on the compensated X coordinate value; and
a color temperature conversion unit for converting the color temperature calculated by the color temperature calculating unit into a predetermined color temperature and outputting the converted predetermined color temperature.
2. The color temperature conversion system of claim 1, wherein the chroma calculating unit calculates the X coordinate value (Xc) by, respectively,
when 4000K\u2266T\u226625000K,
1
)

\u2062
\u2062
X
c

=

\u2062
–
3.0258469

\u2062
10
9
T
3
+

2.1070379
\u2062
10
6
T
2
+
\u2062
0.2226347
\u2062
10
3

T
+
0.24039
and when 1650K\u2266T\u22664000K,
2
)

\u2062
\u2062
X
c

=

\u2062
–
0.2661239

\u2062
10
9
T
3
–

0.234580
\u2062
10
6
T
2
+
\u2062
0.8776956
\u2062
10
3

T
+
0.179910

,
where T is the color temperature of the inputted image data.
3. The color temperature conversion system of claim 2, wherein the chroma calculating unit calculates the Y coordinate value (Yc) of the color temperature positioned on the white point line by, respectively,
1) when 4000K<T<25000K and Xc\u22660.38405
Yc=3.0817580(Xc)3\u22125.8733867(Xc)2+3.75112997(Xc)\u22120.37001483.
2) when 2222K<T<4000K and Xc\u22660.50338,
Yc=\u22120.9549476(Xc)3\u22121.37418593(Xc)2+2.09137015(Xc)\u22120.16748867
3) in other cases,
Yc=\u22121.1063814(Xc)3\u22121.34811020(Xc)2+2.18555832(Xc)\u22120.20219683,

wherein, the offsetting unit calculates the Y coordinate value difference between the calculated Y coordinate value (Yc) on the white point line and the Y coordinate value of the inputted image data.
4. The color temperature conversion system of claim 3, wherein the offsetting unit calculates the X coordinate value difference by substituting the calculated Y coordinate value difference in
\u0394
\u2062
\u2062
X

=
f
–
e
\u0394
\u2062
\u2062

Y

i
+
1
–

\u0394
\u2062
\u2062

Y
i
\u2062

(
\u0394
\u2062
\u2062
Y

–

\u0394
\u2062
\u2062

Y
i
)
+
e
,
\u2062
where
,
\u2062
e
=

\u2062
b
–
a
\uf603

a

i
+
1
\uf604

x

–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

X
\u2062

(

X
–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

x
)
+
a
,
f
=

\u2062
d
–
c
\uf603

a

i
+
1
\uf604

X

–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

X
\u2062

(

X
–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

X
)
+
c
,
a, b, c and d are points positioned in a maximum region and a minimum region within the ranges of calculated difference between the X and Y coordinate values,
e and f are points where the color temperature calculated from the X coordinate value passes,
|ai+1|X is an X coordinate value of the image data inputted to an (a) point of (i+1)th order (i=1, 2, . . . ),
\u0394X is the X coordinate value difference and
\u0394Y is the Y coordinate value difference.
5. A method of color temperature conversion, comprising the steps of:
converting an RGB signal of inputted image data into an XYZ value on a CIE coordinate system;
calculating an X coordinate value and a Y coordinate value of a pixel that corresponds to the converted XYZ value;
compensating the X coordinate value calculated by a chroma calculating unit based on an X coordinate value difference and a Y coordinate value difference of the color temperature positioned on a white point line of the CIE coordinate system and an actual color temperature of the image data, in case the color temperature is calculated based on the X coordinate value;
calculating the color temperature of the inputted image data based on the compensated X coordinate value; and
converting the color temperature calculated by the color temperature calculating step into a predetermined color temperature and outputting the converted predetermined color temperature.
6. The color temperature conversion method of claim 5, wherein the X coordinate value calculating step calculates the X coordinate value (Xc) by,
when 4000K\u2266T\u226625000K,
1
)

\u2062
\u2062
X
c

=

\u2062
–
3.0258469

\u2062
10
9
T
3
+

2.1070379
\u2062
10
6
T
2
+
\u2062
0.2226347
\u2062
10
3

T
+
0.24039
and when 1650K\u2266T\u22664000K,
2
)

\u2062
\u2062
X
c

=

\u2062
–
0.2661239

\u2062
10
9
T
3
–

0.2343580
\u2062
10
6
T
2
+
\u2062
0.8776956
\u2062
10
3

T
+
0.179910

,
where T is the color temperature of the inputted image data.
7. The color temperature conversion method of claim 6, wherein the Y coordinate value calculating step calculates the Y coordinate value (Yc) of the color temperature positioned on the white point line by,
1) when 4000K<T<25000K and Xc\u22660.38405
Yc=3.0817580(Xc)3\u22125.8733867(Xc)2+3.75112997(Xc)\u22120.37001483.
2) when 2222K<T<4000K and Xc\u22660.50338,
Yc=\u22120.9549476(Xc)3\u22121.37418593(Xc)2+2.09137015(Xc)\u22120.16748867
3) in other cases,
Yc=\u22121.1063814(Xc)3\u22121.34811020(Xc)2+2.18555832(Xc)\u22120.20219683,
wherein, the offsetting unit calculates the Y coordinate value difference between the calculated Y coordinate value (Yc) on the white point line and the Y coordinate value of the inputted image data.
8. The color temperature conversion method of claim 7, wherein the offsetting step calculates the X coordinate value difference by substituting the calculated Y coordinate value difference in
\u0394
\u2062
\u2062
X

=
f
–
e
\u0394
\u2062
\u2062

Y

i
+
1
–

\u0394
\u2062
\u2062

Y
i
\u2062

(
\u0394
\u2062
\u2062
Y

–

\u0394
\u2062
\u2062

Y
i
)
+
e
,
\u2062
where
,
\u2062
e
=

\u2062
b
–
a
\uf603

a

i
+
1
\uf604

x

–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

X
\u2062

(

X
–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

x
)
+
a
,
f
=

\u2062
d
–
c
\uf603

a

i
+
1
\uf604

X

–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

X
\u2062

(

X
–
\uf603

a
i

\uf604

X
)
+
c
,
a, b, c and d are points positioned in a maximum region and a minimum region within the ranges of calculated difference between the X and Y coordinate values,
e and f are points where the color temperature calculated from the X coordinate value passes,
|ai+1|X is an X coordinate value of the image data inputted to an (a) point of (i+1)th order (i=1, 2, . . . ),
\u0394X is the X coordinate value difference and
\u0394Y is the Y coordinate value difference.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A drive for a storage medium which is driven at a constant angular velocity, comprising:
a slider which is attached to a carriage at an attachment point by means of a spring arm, which exerts a force on the slider in the direction of the storage medium, the slider floating on an air cushion above or under the rotating storage medium, and having a guide which guides the carriage relative to the storage medium, wherein the guide is arranged such that the attachment point is guided closer to the surface of the storage medium as the radius of the storage medium increases to maintain a substantially constant slider fly height.
2. The drive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide is a linear guide which is inclined relative to the surface of the storage medium.
3. The drive as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inclination of the guide relative to the surface of the storage medium is variable.
4. The drive as claimed in claim 2, wherein the distance between the guide and the surface of the storage medium is variable.
5. An appliance for reading from andor writing to storage media, wherein the appliance has a drive as claimed in claim 1.