Author: claimsbot

1. A method for visualization of threaded emails, said method comprising:
receiving email threads from a sequence of emails between multiple users;
using a message sequence chart notation to represent said email threads;

representing time on a first vertical axis and displaying time bars along said first vertical axis in a display;
Displaying an icon and a vertical line for each user of said multiple users, wherein said icon is displayed on top of said display and said vertical line is displayed under said icon parallel to said first vertical axis;
Displaying an arrow to indicate a direction of an email between a first sender among said multiple users and a first receiver among said multiple users, wherein a beginning of said arrow is on a first vertical line corresponding to said first sender and an ending of said arrow is on a second vertical line corresponding to said first receiver, and said beginning of said arrow indicates when said email was sent from said first sender and said ending of said arrow indicates when said email was received by said first receiver, based on said first vertical axis;
Displaying each of reply, send, forward, system, urgent, and attachment messages using different unique shapes, thickness, and symbols on said arrow;
wherein a slope of said arrow indicates a time interval taken to deliver said email from said first sender to said first receiver;

Displaying a thick vertical bar on said second vertical line immediately below said ending of said arrow to represent a time that said email sat in said first receiver’s inbox;
one of said multiple users selecting one or more emails from said sequence of emails, to use as a context;
a mail agent searching a mail storage for a related message, with respect to said selected one or more emails from said sequence of emails;
in case said related message is found, prompting said one of said multiple users to decide to include or not include said related message;
parsing messages to find embedded responses; providing icons for visualization purpose from a user store or a directory server; hovering over said arrow to display TO-list, CC-list, and other information from its corresponding message;
displaying an incomplete view, wherein if said time interval taken to deliver said email from said first sender to said first receiver is not known, then said slope of said arrow is zero;
displaying an out-of-sequence view; displaying related messages and threads; using all of colors, shadings, symbols, dotted lines, arrows, different sizes, and different thicknesses, to indicate relationships between said related messages and threads, context, topic, and subject;
displaying delivery-receipt, read-receipt, out-of-office, addendum, continuation, approval, counter-argument, and message cancellation;

tagging said messages;
filtering said messages;
hiding said messages;
removing said messages; and
aggregating, tabulating, and summarizing details of said messages.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A surgical reamer for cutting a bone socket, comprising,
a cutting structure (50) which comprises at least two plates (1, 2) rotatable about a rotational axis and mounted so as to traverse the rotational axis, the cutting structure having a static profile area (52) upon insertion of the reamer into the bone socket and a dynamic profile area (56, 70) generated upon rotation, both profile areas lying transverse to the axis,
wherein the static profile area is circumscribed by a nonequilateral, substantially rectangular area (53) in which a lateral width (X) of the rectangular area is substantially smaller than a longitudinal width (Y) of the rectangular area and in which the static profile area is substantially smaller than the dynamic profile area.
2. The surgical reamer of claim 1 wherein the reamer is adapted to be mounted to a tool holder for controlled rotational motion.
3. The surgical reamer of claim 1 wherein the dynamic profile area is a circular area.
4. The reamer of claim 1 wherein at least one plate of the cutting structure (50) has an edge adapted to cut bone.
5. The reamer of claim 4 wherein the static profile area has a flattened X-shape.
6. The reamer of claim 1 wherein the static profile area (52) is no greater than about 80 percent of an inscribed circular area (56, 70).
7. The reamer as in claim 1, wherein the cutting structure (50) has at least one cutting edge fitted with teeth (FIGS. 7a, b, c).
8. The reamer of claim 1 wherein the two plates (1, 2) are split down the middle along their axis of symmetry, and fixed to one another.
9. The reamer of claim 1, wherein the plates (1, 2) are in the shape of disks.
10. The reamer of claim 1, fitted with a bit (36) or a centre point or a trocar point (37) attached to the plates (1, 2) coaxial with the rotational axis of the reamer.
11. The reamer of claim 1, including a device for recovering shavings (32).
12. The surgical reamer of claim 1, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected to the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.
13. An acctabular reamer comprising,
a support structure (50) comprising at least two plates (1, 2) rotatable about a rotational axis and mounted so as to traverse the rotational axis, the plates defining a cutting structure (50), presenting a plurality of cutting edges, the support structure further defining a static profile area (52) upon insertion into the bone and a dynamic profile area (56, 70) which is circular, the dynamic profile area being generated upon rotation, both profile areas being transverse to the axis,
wherein the static profile area is circumscribed by a non-equaliateral, rectangular area (53) in which a lateral width (X) of the rectangular area is substantially smaller than a longitudinal width (Y) of the rectangular area and in which the static profile area is substantially smaller than the dynamic profile area.
14. The surgical reamer of claim 13 wherein the reamer is adapted to be mounted to a tool holder for controlled rotational motion.
15. The reamer of claim 14 wherein the static profile area has a flattened X-shape.
16. The reamer of claim 13 wherein at least one plate has an edge adapted to cut bone.
17. The reamer of claim 13 wherein the static profile area is no greater than about 80 percent of the dynamic profile area.
18. The surgical reamer of claim 13, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected to the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.
19. A surgical reamer for cutting a bone socket, comprising two intersecting plates (1, 2) define a cutting structure (50), rotatable about a rotational axis (X\u2014X) when mounted to a holder (6), the plates sweeping a circular cutting profile area (54) when rotated axially with the holder, wherein the plates present a two dimensional static profile area (52) in the form of a flattened X which is circumscribed by a nonequilateral, rectangular area (53) in which a lateral width (X) of the rectangular area is substantially smaller than a longitudinal width (Y) of the rectangular area and in which the static profile area is substantially smaller than the circular cutting profile area (54), wherein the plates have a holder interface (18) centrally located with the rotational axis, permitting the holder to have a small outside dimension so that when the holder and reamer are attached to each other in an assembled arrangement, the holder may sweep out a diametral area substantially smaller than the circular cutting profile area (56, 70), thus permitting a substantially smaller incision for entry of the reamer into a body.
20. The reamer of claim 19, wherein the holder interface comprises a hole (18) in the plate allowing the reamer to be fixed onto a tool holder or an adapter (6).
21. The reamer of claim 19, wherein the plate (1,2) has a circular cut (3) in which a cup for recovering shavings is housed.
22. The surgical reamer of claim 19, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected to the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.
23. A surgical reamer for cutting a bone socket, comprising,
a cutting structure (50) which comprises at least two plates (1, 2) rotatable about a rotational axis and mounted so as to traverse the rotational axis, the cutting structure having a static profile area (52) upon insertion of the reamer into the bone socket and a dynamic profile area (56, 70) generated upon rotation, both profile areas lying transverse to the axis,
wherein the static profile area is substantially smaller than the dynamic profile area, and, wherein the cutting structure (50) has at least two cutting edges (50a, 50b) each having corresponding teeth (50a\u2032, 50b\u2032), the teeth of one edge being offset in relation to the teeth of another edge according to the trajectory of the teeth.
24. The surgical reamer of claim 23, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected to the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.
25. A surgical reamer for cutting a bone socket, comprising,
a cutting structure (50) which comprises at least two plates (1, 2) rotatable about a rotational axis and mounted so as to traverse the rotational axis, the cutting structure having a static profile area (52) upon insertion or the reamer into the bone socket and a dynamic profile area (56, 70) generated upon rotation, both profile areas lying transverse to the axis,
wherein the static profile area is substantially smaller than the dynamic profile area,
wherein the two plates (1, 2) are split down the middle along their axis of symmetry, and fixed to one another, and,
wherein the split of the plate (1) extends to the top of the reamer and is cut so that its sides diverge from one another on the plane of the other plate, on both sides of the rotational axis of the reamer.
26. The surgical reamer of claim 25, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected to the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.
27. A surgical reamer for cutting a bone socket, comprising,
a cutting structure (50) which comprises at least two plates (1, 2) rotatable about a rotational axis and mounted so as to traverse the rotational axis, the cutting structure having a static profile area (52) upon insertion of the reamer into the bone socket and a dynamic profile area (56, 70) generated upon rotation, both profile areas lying transverse to the axis,
wherein the static profile area is substantially smaller than the dynamic profile area, and
wherein the reamer includes a device for recovering shavings made up of a cup (32) located at the centre of the roamer.
28. The reamer of claim 27, wherein the cup (32) is in the shape of a dome fitted with diametric slots (34) traversed by the plates (1, 2).
29. The surgical reamer of claim 27, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected in the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.
30. A surgical reamer for shaping a bone socket in a patient, comprising:
a cutting structure (50) comprising at least two plates rotatable about a rotational axis and mounted so as to traverse the rotational axis, the cutting structure defining a shape with a static profile (52) transverse to the axis upon insertion of the reamer into the patient, and another shape with a dynamic profile (56, 70) generated upon rotation or the structure within the socket, wherein the static profile is substantially smaller than the dynamic profile and wherein the static profile is circumscribed by a non-equilateral, substantially rectangular area (53).
31. The surgical reamer of claim 30, wherein the plates (1,2) of the cutting structure (50) are releasably connected to the reamer so as to permit quick attachment and removal thereof.

1. A power module package, comprising:
a first substrate having first semiconductor chips mounted thereon; and
a second substrate having second semiconductor chips mounted thereon, the second substrate being coupled with the first substrate such that a side surface in a thickness direction thereof is disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate.
2. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a coupling unit electrically connected to the first semiconductor chips and formed on the first substrate, the coupling unit having at least one coupling groove for coupling with the second substrate.
3. The power module package as set forth in claim 2, wherein a coupling pin corresponding to the coupling groove is formed on one end in a length direction of the second substrate.
4. The power module package as set forth in claim 2, wherein first catching protrusions facing each other are formed on an upper portion of an inside of the coupling unit.
5. The power module package as set forth in claim 4, wherein first catching grooves corresponding to the first catching protrusions are formed in upper and lower portions of one end in a length direction of the second substrate.
6. The power module package as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a sealing resin having an insertion groove for exposing the coupling unit therethrough and wrapping the side surface and the upper surface of the first substrate.
7. The power module package as set forth in claim 6, wherein second catching protrusions facing each other are formed on an upper portion of an inside of the insertion groove.
8. The power module package as set forth in claim 7, wherein second catching grooves corresponding to the second catching protrusions are formed in upper and lower portions of one end in a length direction of the second substrate.
9. The power module package as set forth in claim 6, further comprising a lead frame having one end buried in the sealing resin and connected to the first substrate and the other end protruded out of the sealing resin.
10. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip are a power device and a control device, respectively.
11. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first substrate is a metal substrate having an anodized layer.
12. The power module package as set forth in claim 11, wherein the metal substrate is made of aluminum (Al).
13. The power module package as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB).
14. A system module, comprising:
a power module package including a first substrate having first semiconductor chips mounted thereon, a second substrate having second semiconductor chips mounted thereon, the second substrate being coupled with the first substrate such that a side surface in a thickness direction thereof is disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate, and a lead frame having one end connected to the first substrate and the other end protruded to the outside; and
a main board substrate coupled with the other end of the lead frame protruded to the outside to allow the power module package to be installed thereon, the main board substrate having a slot with a size corresponding to the second substrate having the second semiconductor chips.
15. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein a fixing member is installed on an inside of the slot, the fixing member fixing the second substrate by supporting upper and lower surfaces of the second substrate.
16. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the main board substrate has a penetration hole through which the other end of the lead frame is insertedly penetrated.
17. The system module as set forth in claim 16, wherein the main board substrate is combined with the other end of the lead frame penetrating through the penetration hole by soldering.
18. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip are a power device and a control device, respectively.
19. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the first substrate is a metal substrate having an anodized layer.
20. The system module as set forth in claim 14, wherein the second substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate under conditions and for a time effective to accumulate the metabolite to a concentration of at least about 3.3 gL.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate or diacetyl.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits added or increased NADH oxidase activity compared to a wild-type bacterial cell.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the metabolite comprises alanine.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein pyruvate is produced in an amount of at least about 30 gL.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the pyruvate yield is at least about 0.70.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the PDH activity in the bacterial cell is undetectable.
11. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing an E. coli cell exhibiting reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type E. coli cell; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate or diacetyl.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the E. coli cell further exhibits added NADH oxidase activity.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the metabolite comprises alanine.
15. The method of claim 11 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the E. coli cell.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
18. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and

culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
22. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased NADH oxidase activity; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
23. The method of claim 22 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
26. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
27. The method of claim 26 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
30. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell,
(b) reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(c) reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
33. The method of claim 30 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
34. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell,
(b) reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) compared to a wild-type bacterial cell,
(c) reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(d) added or increased NADH oxidase activity; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
35. The method of claim 34 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
37. The method of claim 34 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
38. A method for making pyruvate comprising:
providing a bacterial cell wherein the gene encoding at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes is knocked out; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
39. The method of claim 38 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase.
42. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase).
43. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits increased or added activity of NADH oxidase.
44. The method of claim 38 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase and reduced activity of PEP carboxylase.
45. The method of claim 38 further wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits reduced activity of pyruvate oxidase, reduced activity of PEP carboxylase, and increased or added activity of NADH oxidase.
46. The method of claim 38 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
47. A method for making a metabolite comprising pyruvate or a pyruvate derivative, the method comprising:
providing an E. coli cell wherein the gene encoding at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes is knocked out; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield the metabolite.
48. The method of claim 47 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli.
49. The method of claim 47 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
50. The method of claim 47 wherein the metabolite comprises pyruvate.
51. A method for making alanine comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased alanine dehydrogenase activity compared to a wild-type bacterial cell; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield alanine.
52. The method of claim 51 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
53. The method of claim 52 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
54. A method for making alanine comprising:
providing an E. coli cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased alanine dehydrogenase activity compared to a wild-type E. coli cell; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of a glucose and acetate to yield alanine.
55. The method of claim 54 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli.
56. The method of claim 55 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
57. A method for making diacetyl comprising:
providing a bacterial cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type bacterial cell, and
(b) added or increased acetolactate synthase activity; and
culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield diacetyl.
58. The method of claim 57 further comprising culturing the bacterial cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of the bacterial cell.
59. The method of claim 58 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
60. The method of claim 57 wherein the bacterial cell further exhibits added or increased NADH oxidase activity.
61. A method for making diacetyl comprising:
providing an E. coli cell exhibiting
(a) reduced activity of at least one enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of enzymes, compared to a wild-type E. coli cell, and
(b) added or increased acetolactate synthase activity; and
culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of glucose and acetate to yield diacetyl.
62. The method of claim 61 further comprising culturing the E. coli cell in the presence of an additional carbon source comprising a compound that is part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle of E. coli.
63. The method of claim 62 wherein the additional carbon source comprises succinate.
64. The method of claim 61 wherein the E. coli cell further exhibits added NADH oxidase activity.