Author: claimsbot

1. A method of measuring HbA1c, wherein the method comprises:
(A) collecting a hemoglobin-containing material from a subject and storing the collected hemoglobin-containing material for a period of at least one day;
(B) reducing carbon dioxide bonded to hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing material stored in (A) so as to produce a hemoglobin-containing sample;
(C) cleaving the hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing sample produced in (B) by applying a protease treatment to the hemoglobin-containing sample;
(D) treating a glycated part of a hemoglobin fragment obtained from cleaving the hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing sample in (C) with fructosyl amine oxidase; and
(E) determining an amount of HbA1c in the hemoglobin-containing sample by measuring a redox reaction between the glycated part and the fructosyl amine oxidase and calculating the amount of HbA1c based on a measurement of the redox reaction.
2. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 1, wherein in (B), a strong electrolyte substance having a positive ion and a negative ion is added to the hemoglobin-containing material stored in (A), the positive ion being at least one selected from the group consisting of K+, Na+, and Mg2+, and the negative ion being at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl\u2212, SO42\u2212, and NO3\u2212, wherein in (C), the protease treatment is performed in the presence of the strong electrolyte substance.
3. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 2, wherein in (C), the protease treatment is conducted in a reaction solution, and a concentration of the strong electrolyte substance in the reaction solution is 10 to 3000 mmolL.
4. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 2, wherein the strong electrolyte substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of KCl, K2SO4, KNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3, MgCl2, MgSO4, and Mg(NO3)2.
5. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 1, wherein in (E),
a HbA1c ratio is calculated from the total amount of the hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing sample and the amount of HbA1c in the hemoglobin-containing sample.
6. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 1, wherein the hemoglobin-containing sample is a whole blood sample or a blood cell sample.
7. A method of measuring HbA1c, wherein the method comprises:
(A) collecting a hemoglobin-containing material from a subject and storing the collected hemoglobin-containing material for a period of at least one day in a state in which carbon dioxide generation is inhibited so as produce a hemoglobin-containing sample;
(B) cleaving hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing sample produced in (A) by applying a protease treatment to the hemoglobin-containing sample;
(C) treating a glycated part of a hemoglobin fragment obtained from cleaving the hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing sample in (B) with fructosyl amine oxidase; and
(D) determining an amount of HbA1c in the hemoglobin-containing sample by measuring a redox reaction between the glycated part and the fructosyl amine oxidase and calculating the amount of HbA1c based on a measurement of the redox reaction.
8. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 7, wherein in (A), the hemoglobin-containing material is stored in the presence of a glycolytic inhibitor, and in (B), the protease treatment is conducted in a reaction solution, and a concentration of the glycolytic inhibitor in the reaction solution is 0.01 to 10 molL.
9. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 7, wherein in (D), a HbA1c ratio is calculated from the total amount of the hemoglobin in the hemoglobin-containing sample and the amount of HbA1c in the hemoglobin-containing sample.
10. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 7, wherein the hemoglobin-containing sample is a whole blood sample or a blood cell sample.
11. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 7, wherein in (A), the hemoglobin-containing material is stored in the presence of a glycolytic inhibitor.
12. The method of measuring HbA1c according to claim 11, wherein the glycolytic inhibitor is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A digital data transport and storage system between a file in a personal device and a file destination comprising:
A digital data file in said personal device;
A preprocessor is configured to perform a transformation from multiple inputs to multiple outputs;
wherein the multiple inputs comprising a first input stream for said digital data file, and a second stream of said digital file as a digital envelop;
wherein a first output of the preprocessor comprising an enveloped digital data, and

A transmission channel is configured to connect between said first output of the preprocessor and said destination.
2. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1 wherein said enveloped digital data further comprising a weighted sum of the first and the second inputs and the weighted sum in a digital format appearing to human audio sensors with substantially identical audio features as said second input stream.
3. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1 wherein said digital envelop is known to all intended reading devices.
4. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, is configured on a portable personnel device or a PC.
5. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, is configured between a portable personnel device or a PC and a distributed storage system.
6. The storage system of claim 5, comprising a storage on cloud.
7. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein said pre-processor is further configured to select an enveloped digital file for display.
8. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein said transform in said pre-processor further comprising a preferential weighting to one of said inputs in generating multiple digital outputs in image, video, or audio formats to human sensors with substantially identical appearances to a format of appearance of said input with the preferential weighting.
9. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein said transform in said pre-processor further comprising a wavefront multiplexing with an orthogonal matrix transform,
10. The transform in of claim 9 further comprising a Fourier transform.
11. The transform in of claim 9 further comprising a Hadamard transform.
12. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein said transform in said pre-processor further comprising a wavefront multiplexing with a non-orthogonal full-rank matrix transform.
13. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein the said multiple inputs to said pre-processor are further configured to connect to a common known data set but with known different delays for various inputs.
14. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein one of said multiple outputs to said pre-processor is grounded.
15. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein one of said multiple outputs to said pre-processor is grounded.
16. The digital data file transport and storage system of claim 1, wherein said multiple inputs to said pre-processor further comprises an authentication data set.
17. A digital data file retrieval and transport system between a file cloud storage and a file destination in a receiving site, comprising
A stored digital file in a form of enveloped digital data in said file cloud storage;
A postprocessor in said receiving site is configured to perform a transformation from multiple inputs to multiple outputs;
wherein the multiple inputs comprising a first input stream for said stored enveloped digital data file;
wherein a first output of the postprocessor comprising a reconstituted digital data file,

A transmission channel configured to connect said first input of the postprocessor and said cloud storage;
18. The digital data file retrieval and transport system of claim 17, wherein said reconstituted digital data further comprising a weighted sum of the first and the second inputs and wherein said first input in a digital format appearing to human sensors with substantially identical audio features as said second input stream.
19. The digital data file retrieval and transport system of claim 17, wherein the multiple inputs further comprising a second stream of a digital file as a digital envelop file.
20. The digital data file retrieval and transport and storage system of claim 14, is configured on a portable personnel device or on a PC.

1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a heat sink configured to mount a heating element and having an outer surface, the heat sink comprising a first projection projected from the outer surface;
a cooling fan configured to supply an airstream to the heat sink and comprising a fan housing having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface facing the outer surface of the heat sink, the fan housing including a first hole formed on the first surface, and a second hole formed on the second surface, the first projection being provided in the first hole; and
a housing of the electronic apparatus, the housing having an inner surface and comprising a second projection projected from the inner surface, the inner surface facing the second surface, the second projection being provided in the second hole, the housing containing the heat sink and the fan housing within the housing,
wherein the housing includes a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part being separate from one another, the second projection being provided on the first part, the housing further comprising a third projection projecting from the inner surface of the second part, and
wherein the fan housing includes a third hole formed on the second surface, the third projection being provided in the third hole.
2. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second projection of the housing is integrally formed with the housing as a one-piece unitary member, and wherein the first projection of the heat sink is integrally formed with the heat sink as a one-piece unitary member.
3. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the housing includes a holder in contact with at least a part of an outer shape of the cooling fan, and wherein the holder is integrally formed with the housing as a one-piece unitary member.
4. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat sink includes a recessed portion in contact with at least a part of an outer shape of the cooling fan, the cooling fan being provided in the recessed portion, and wherein the recessed portion of the heat sink is integrally formed with the heat sink as a one-piece unitary member.
5. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a heat sink configured to mount a heating element and having an outer surface, the heat sink comprising a first projection projected from the outer surface;
a cooling fan configured to supply an airstream to the heat sink and comprising a fan housing having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface facing the outer surface of the heat sink, the fan housing including a first recess formed on the first surface, and a second recess formed on the second surface, the first projection being provided in the first recess; and
a housing of the electronic apparatus, the housing having an inner surface and comprising a second projection projected from the inner surface, the inner surface facing the second surface, the second projection being provided in the second recess, the housing containing the heat sink and the fan housing within the housing,
wherein the housing includes a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part being separate from one another, the second projection being provided on the first part, the housing further comprising a third projection projecting from the inner surface of the second part, and
wherein the fan housing includes a third recess formed on the second surface, the third projection being provided in the third recess.
6. The electronic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second projection of the housing is integrally formed with the housing as a one-piece unitary member, and wherein the first projection of the heat sink is integrally formed with the heat sink as a one-piece unitary member.
7. The electronic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the housing includes a holder in contact with at least a part of an outer shape of the cooling fan, and wherein the holder is integrally formed with the housing as a one-piece unitary member.
8. The electronic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the heat sink includes a recessed portion in contact with at least a part of an outer shape of the cooling fan, the cooling fan being provided in the recessed portion, and wherein the recessed portion of the heat sink is integrally formed with the heat sink as a one-piece unitary member.
9. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a heat sink configured to mount a heating element and having an outer surface, the heat sink comprising a first projection projected from the outer surface;
a cooling fan configured to supply an airstream to the heat sink and comprising a fan housing having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface facing the outer surface of the heat sink, the fan housing including a hole formed on the first surface, and a recess formed on the second surface, the first projection being provided in one of the hole and the recess; and
a housing of the electronic apparatus, the housing having an inner surface and comprising a second projection projected from the inner surface, the inner surface facing the second surface, the second projection being provided in another of the hole and the recess, the housing containing the heat sink and the fan housing within the housing,
wherein the housing includes a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part being separate from one another, the second projection being provided on the first part, the housing further comprising a third projection projecting from the inner surface of the second part, and
wherein the fan housing includes an additional hole formed on the second surface, the third projection being provided in the additional hole.
10. The electronic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the second projection of the housing is integrally formed with the housing as a one-piece unitary member, and wherein the first projection of the heat sink is integrally formed with the heat sink as a one-piece unitary member.
11. The electronic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the housing includes a holder in contact with at least a part of an outer shape of the cooling fan, and wherein the holder is integrally formed with the housing as a one-piece unitary member.
12. The electronic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the heat sink includes a recessed portion in contact with at least a part of an outer shape of the cooling fan, the cooling fan being provided in the recessed portion, and wherein the recessed portion of the heat sink is integrally formed with the heat sink as a one-piece unitary member.
13. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the fan housing includes a first recess and a second recess, the first recess being provided around the first hole, the second recess being provided around the second hole,
the second projection of the housing is provided in the second recess, and
the first projection of the heat sink and being provided in the first recess.
14. The electronic apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the first projection of the heat sink is in contact with a bottom face of the first recess, and
the second projection of the housing is in contact with a bottom face of the second recess.
15. The electronic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the second projection of the housing is in contact with a bottom face of the second recess,
the first projection of the heat sink is in contact with a bottom face of the first recess.
16. The electronic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the second projection of the housing is provided in the recess and is in contact with a bottom face of the recess, and
the first projection of the heat sink is provided in the hole.
17. The electronic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the second projection of the housing is provided in the hole, and
the first projection of the heat sink is provided in the recess and is in contact with a bottom face of the recess.
18. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the fan housing includes a third hole formed on the first surface, and
wherein no projection is provided in the third hole.
19. The electronic apparatus according to claim 18,
wherein the fan housing includes a fourth hole formed on the second surface, the third hole and the fourth holes being connected through the fan housing, and
wherein the housing further comprising a third projection projecting from the inner surface, the third projection being provided in the fourth hole.
20. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the housing includes a first wall on which the second projection is provided, the first wall extending over the cooling fan and the heat sink,
wherein the housing further includes a second wall provided on a lateral side of the cooling fan and the heat sink, and
wherein the housing further includes a third wall provided on an opposite side of the cooling fan and the heat sink with respect to the second wall.
21. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the housing further comprises a protruding holder portion that protrudes from the inner surface and is fitted with a side surface of the fan housing.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery, comprising solute, phosphinic ester compound, and nonaqueous organic solvent containing them, wherein the content of the phosphinic ester compound is from 0.01% by weight to 4.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution.
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the phosphinic ester is one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formula (1) and compounds represented by the following formula (2):
wherein R1 to R3 each independently represents one member selected from the group consisting of (i) a chain or cyclic alkyl group which has 1 to 8 carbon atoms and may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (ii) a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (iii) a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and (iv) a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms and one or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that when the pair of R1 and R2 or the pair of R2 and R3 is alkyl groups, then the groups may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure:
wherein R11 and R12 each independently represents a chain or cyclic alkyl group, which has 1 to 8 carbon atoms and may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms or a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, provided that when R11 and R12 each is an alkyl group, they may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure, L represents a connecting group having a valence of z and constituted of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom, and z represents an integer of 2 to 8.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein in formula (1), R1 to R3 each independently represents one selected from the group consisting of (i) a chain alkyl group which has 1 to 8 carbon atoms and may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (ii) a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, (iii) a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and (iv) a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms and one or more alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein in formula (2), R11 and R12 each independently represents a chain alkyl group which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, L represents a chain hydrocarbon connecting group having a valence of z and having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and z represents an integer of 2 to 4.
5. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery further comprises an overcharge inhibitor or a film formation agent.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is a mixed solvent comprising a cyclic carbonate and a member selected from the group consisting of chain carbonates and cyclic esters.
7. A nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode capable of absorbingreleasing lithium, a positive electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery defined in claim 1.
8. The nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the positive electrode comprises a lithium-transition metal composite oxide.
9. The nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode consists mainly of a carbonaceous material wherein the value of d for a lattice plane (002 plane) in X-ray diffraction is from 0.335 to 0.340 nm.