Author: claimsbot

1. A compound represented by structural formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
X1 is a covalent bond, C\u2550O or CRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are each independently H or a C1-C3 alkyl group;
m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
n is 1 or 2;
C\u2550Z is C\u2550O, CH2, C\u2550NH, C\u2550S, or is absent, provided that:
i) when X1 is a covalent bond then C\u2550Z is other than CH2; and
ii) when C\u2550Z is absent then X is a covalent bond;

R1 is: i) a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or carbocyclic ring; or
ii) when X is NR5, then for NR5(CH2)mR1, R5 and (CH2)mR1 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring;

R2 is \u2014H or a C1-C3 alkyl group;
R3 is \u2014H;
R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from an aromatic ring, a non-aromatic ring, or a bridged bicyclic ring, wherein the aromatic ring, the non-aromatic ring, or the bridged bicyclic ring is bound directly to the nitrogen atom or through a C1-C4alkyl group; or R3 and R4, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocyclic ring;
X is a covalent bond, 0, or NR5, wherein R5 is \u2014H or a C1-C3 alkyl group;
Ar in Formula (I) is selected from:
wherein Ar is optionally substituted at any substitutable carbon or nitrogen atom with p independent occurrences of R6, wherein:
p is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and

each occurrence of R6 is independently halogen, \u2014CN, NO2, \u2014R7, or \u2014OR7, wherein each occurrence of R7 is independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6aliphatic group,
provided that when R4 is a non-aromatic ring, then the non-aromatic ring is substituted with a group other than \u2014COOH, \u2014SO2NH2, or \u2014SO3H.
2. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
X1 is a covalent bond, C\u2550Z is C\u2550O, X is a bond, m is 0, and n is 2; or
X1 is C\u2550O, C\u2550Z is absent, X is a bond, m is 0, and n is 2.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from:
wherein R1 or is optionally substituted at one or more substitutable aromatic or non-aromatic carbon atoms with q occurrences of R8, and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with t occurrences of R9 wherein:
q is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
t is 0 or 1,
provided that the sum of q and t is not greater than 4,
each occurrence of R8 is independently halogen, \u2014R10, \u2014OR10, \u2014SR10, \u2014NO2, \u2014CN, \u2014N(R11)2, \u2014NR11CO2R10, \u2014NR11C(O)R10, \u2014NR11NR11C(O)R10, \u2014N(R11)C(O)N(R11)2, \u2014NR11NR11C(O)N(R11)2, \u2014NR11NR11CO2R10, \u2014C(O)C(O)R10, \u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R10, \u2014CO2R10, \u2014C(O)R10, \u2014C(O)N(R11)2, \u2014OC(O)R10, \u2014OC(O)N(R11)2, \u2014S(O)2R10, \u2014SO2N(R11)2, \u2014S(O)R10, \u2014NR11SO2N(R11)2, \u2014NR11SO2R10, \u2014C(\u2550S)N(R11)2, \u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R11)2, \u2014V\u2014R10, \u2014V\u2014OH, \u2014V\u2014OR10, \u2014V\u2014SH, \u2014V\u2014SR10, \u2014V\u2014NO2, \u2014V\u2014CN, \u2014V\u2014N(R11)2, \u2014V\u2014NR11CO2R10, \u2014V\u2014NR11C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014NR11NR11C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014N(R11)C(O)N(R11)2, \u2014V\u2014NR11NR11C(O)N(R11)2, \u2014V\u2014NR11NR11CO2R10, \u2014V\u2014C(O)C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014CO2R10, \u2014V\u2014C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014C(O)N(R10)2, \u2014V\u2014OC(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014CO2R10, \u2014V\u2014C(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014OC(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014OC(O)N(R10)2, \u2014V\u2014S(O)2R10, \u2014V\u2014SO2N(R11)2, \u2014V\u2014S(O)R10, \u2014V\u2014NR11SO2N(R11)2, \u2014V\u2014NR11SO2R10, \u2014V\u2014C(\u2550S)N(R11)2, or \u2014V\u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R11)2, or two occurrences of R8, taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic or substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, and when R1 is a non-aromatic ring, any occurrence of R8 is also selected from: \u2550O, \u2550S, \u2550NNHR*, \u2550NN(R*)2, \u2550NNHC(O)R*, \u2550NNHCO2(alkyl), \u2550NNHSO2 (alkyl), or \u2550NR*;
V is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkylene group;
each occurrence of R10 is independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring;
each occurrence of R11 is independently \u2014R10, \u2014CO2R10, \u2014SO2R10 or \u2014C(O)R10, or two occurrences of R11, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring;
each occurrence of R* is independently hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group; and

each occurrence of R9 is independently \u2014R12, \u2014C(O)R12, \u2014CO2R12, \u2014C(O)C(O)R12, \u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R12, \u2014SO2R12, \u2014SO2N(R12)2, \u2014C(\u2550S)N(R12)2, \u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R12)2, \u2014C(O)\u2014N(R12)2, \u2014C(O)\u2014CHN(R12)2R12 or \u2014C(O)\u2014CHOR12R12;
wherein each occurrence of R12 is independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from a heteroaryl, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, non-aromatic heterocyclic, phenyl or benzyl, or two occurrences of R12, taken together with the nitrogen atom, form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, wherein each substitutable carbon atom of the heteroaryl, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, non-aromatic heterocyclic, phenyl or benzyl group is optionally and independently substituted with amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, halogen, alkyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyloxy, dialkylaminocarbonyloxy, alkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, hydroxy, haloalkoxy, or haloalkyl; and each substitutable nitrogen atom of the non-aromatic heterocyclic group is optionally and independently substituted with alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from phenyl (i), pyridyl (ii), imidazolyl (x), thiophene (xv), furyl (xx), benzthiophene (xxxi), or cyclohexyl (xL).
5. The compound of claim 3, wherein R1 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (i).
6. The compound of claim 3, wherein q is 0, 1, or 2 and each occurrence of R8, when present is halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014C1-C6alkyl, \u2014OH, \u2014O(C1-C6alkyl), \u2014NH2, \u2014NH(C1-C6alkyl), \u2014N(C1-C6alkyl)2, \u2014SH, \u2014S(C1-C6alkyl), wherein C1-C6alkyl is substituted or unsubstituted.
7. The compound of claim 3, wherein q is 0.
8. The compound of claim 3, wherein when R1 is phenyl, q is 1 and R8 is substituted in the ortho position of the phenyl ring.
9. The compound of claim 3, wherein R1 is phenyl, q is 2 and R8 is substituted at the ortho and meta positions of the phenyl ring.
10. The compound of claim 3, wherein R3 is hydrogen, and R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from:
wherein the ring is bound directly to the nitrogen atom or through a C1-C4alkyl group, and
wherein R4 is substituted at one or more substitutable aromatic or non-aromatic carbon atoms with s occurrences of R13, and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with r occurrences of R14 wherein:
s is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
r is 0 or 1,
provided that the sum of s and r is not greater than 4,
each occurrence of R13 is independently halogen, \u2014R15, \u2014OR15, \u2014SR15, \u2014NO2, \u2014CN, \u2014N(R16)2, \u2014NR16CO2R15, \u2014NR16C(O)R15, \u2014NR16NR16C(O)R15, \u2014N(R16)C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014NR16NR16C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014NR16NR16CO2R15, \u2014C(O)C(O)R15, \u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R15, \u2014CO2R15, \u2014C(O)R15, \u2014C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014OC(O)R15, \u2014OC(O)N(R16)2, \u2014S(O)2R15, \u2014SO2N(R16)2, \u2014S(O)R15, \u2014NR16SO2N(R16)2, \u2014NR16SO2R15, \u2014C(\u2550S)N(R16)2, \u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014R15, \u2014W\u2014OH, \u2014W\u2014OR15, \u2014W\u2014SH, \u2014W\u2014SR15, \u2014W\u2014NO2, \u2014W\u2014CN, \u2014W\u2014N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16CO2R15, \u2014W\u2014NR16C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014NR16NR16C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014N(R16)C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16NR16C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16NR16CO2R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014CO2R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014OC(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014OC(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014S(O)2R15, \u2014W\u2014SO2N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014S(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014NR16SO2N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16SO2R15, \u2014W\u2014C(\u2550S)N(R16)2, or \u2014W\u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R16)2, or two occurrences of R13, taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic or substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, and when R4 is a non-aromatic ring, any occurrence of R13 is also selected from: \u2550O, \u2550S, \u2550NNHR+, \u2550NN(R+)2, \u2550NNHC(O)R+, \u2550NNHCO2(alkyl), \u2550NNHSO2 (alkyl), or \u2550NR+;
W is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkylene group;

each occurrence of R15 is independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring;
each occurrence of R16 is independently R15, \u2014CO2R15, \u2014SO2R15 or \u2014C(O)R15, or two occurrences of R16, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring;
each occurrence of R+ is independently hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group; and

each occurrence of R14 is independently \u2014R17, -L-N(R17)2, \u2014C(O)R17, \u2014C(O)-L-R17, -L-C(O)R17, \u2014CO2R17, -L-CO2R17, \u2014C(O)C(O)R17, -L-C(O)C(O)R17, \u2014C(O)-L-C(O)R17, \u2014SO2R17, L-SO2R17, \u2014SO2N(R17)2, -L-SO2N(R17)2, \u2014C(\u2550S)N(R17)2, \u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R17)2, L-NR17SO2R17, \u2014C(O)\u2014N(R17)2, -L-C(O)\u2014N(R17)2, \u2014C(O)-L-N(R17)2 or \u2014C(O)-L-OR17;
wherein L is an optionally substituted C1-C6alkylene group; and

each occurrence of R17 is independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from an aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, or non-aromatic heterocyclic, or two occurrences of R17, taken together with the nitrogen atom, form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring.
11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R3 is hydrogen, and R4 is a ring selected from:
wherein R4 is substituted at one or more substitutable aromatic or non-aromatic carbon atoms with s occurrences of R13, and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with r occurrences of R14.
12. The compound of claim 10, wherein R3 is hydrogen, and R4 is a ring selected from:
wherein R4 is substituted at one or more substitutable non-aromatic carbon atoms with s occurrences of R13, and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with r occurrences of R14.
13. The compound of claim 10, wherein R4 is a piperidin-4-yl, piperidin-3-yl, or pyrrolidin-3-yl ring that is substituted at one or more substitutable carbon atoms with 1 or 2 occurrences of R13, wherein R13 is \u2014CH3, \u2014CH2CH3; \u2014CH2CH(CH3)2, \u2014CH(CH3)2, CO2CH2CH3, \u2014CH2OH, or CONH2 or two occurrences of R13, taken together, form a fused 5- or 6-membered cycloaliphatic ring.
14. The compound of claim 10, wherein R4 is a piperidinyl-4-yl ring substituted at one or more carbon atoms and has one of the following structures:
15. The compound of claim 10, wherein R4 is a piperidinyl-4-yl group substituted at one or more carbon atoms and has one of the following structures:
16. The compound of claim 10, wherein L is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4alkylene chain.
17. The compound of claim 10, wherein L is \u2014(CH2), \u2014(CR17aR17b)y\u2014, wherein x is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and y is 0 or 1, provided that the sum of x and y is at least 1, and wherein each occurrence of R17a and R17b is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Cy, substituted or unsubstituted \u2014(C1-C6alkyl)Cy, where Cy is a ring selected from: substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring, or R17a and R17b taken together form a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6-spiro cycloalkyl ring.
18. The compound of claim 10, wherein each occurrence of R17 is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from:
wherein one or more substitutable carbon atoms of R17 are substituted with w occurrences of R18, and one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms are substituted with z occurrences of R19, wherein w is 0, 1, 2, or 3, z is 0, 1, or 2, R18 is halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014R20, \u2014OR20, \u2014SR20, \u2014N(R20)2, \u2014COR20, \u2014COOR20, \u2014NHCOR20, \u2014CON(R20)2, \u2014SO2R20, \u2014SO2N(R20)2, \u2014NHSO2R20, and R19 is \u2014R20, \u2014COR20, \u2014COOR20, \u2014CON(R20)2, \u2014SO2R20, \u2014SO2N(R20)2, wherein each occurrence of R20 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6aliphatic, or is a substituted or unsubstituted ring selected from an aromatic or non-aromatic ring, or two occurrences of R20, taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted fused or Spiro aromatic or non-aromatic 5- or 6-membered ring.
19. The compound of claim 2, wherein R3 and R4, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, and the non-aromatic heterocyclic ring is selected from:
wherein the non-aromatic heterocyclic ring formed from R3 and R4, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound is optionally substituted at one or more substitutable aromatic or non-aromatic carbon atoms with s occurrences of R13, and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with r occurrences of R14 wherein:
s is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
r is 0 or 1,
provided that the sum of s and r is not greater than 4,
each occurrence of R13 is independently halogen, \u2014R15, \u2014OR15, \u2014SR15, \u2014NO2, \u2014CN, \u2014N(R16)2, \u2014NR16CO2R15, \u2014NR16C(O)R15, \u2014NR16NR16C(O)R15, \u2014N(R16)C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014NR16NR16C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014NR16NR16CO2R15, \u2014C(O)C(O)R15, \u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R15, \u2014CO2R15, \u2014C(O)R15, \u2014C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014OC(O)R16, \u2014OC(O)N(R16)2, \u2014S(O)2R16, \u2014SO2N(R16)2, \u2014S(O)R15, \u2014NR16SO2N(R16)2, \u2014NR16SO2R15, \u2014C(\u2550S)N(R16)2, \u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014R15, \u2014W\u2014OH, \u2014W\u2014OR15, \u2014W\u2014SH, \u2014W\u2014SR’s, \u2014W\u2014NO2, \u2014W\u2014CN, \u2014W\u2014N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16CO2R15, \u2014W\u2014NR’6C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014NR16NR16C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014N(R16)C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16NR16C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16NR16CO2R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)CH2C(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014CO2R15, \u2014W\u2014C(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014OC(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014OC(O)N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014S(O)2R15, \u2014W\u2014SO2N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014S(O)R15, \u2014W\u2014NR16SO2N(R16)2, \u2014W\u2014NR16SO2R15, \u2014W\u2014C(\u2550S)N(R16)2, or \u2014W\u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R16)2, or two occurrences of R13, taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic or substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, and when R4 is a non-aromatic ring, any occurrence of R13 is also selected from: \u2550, \u2550SS, \u2550NNHR+, \u2550NN(R+)2, \u2550NNHC(O)R+, \u2550NNHCO2(alkyl), \u2550NNHSO2 (alkyl), or \u2550NR+;
W is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkylene group;
each occurrence of R15 is independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring;
each occurrence of R16 is independently R15, \u2014CO2R15, \u2014SO2R15 or \u2014C(O)R15or two occurrences of R16, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring;
each occurrence of R+ is independently hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group; and
each occurrence of R14 is independently \u2014R17, -L-N(R17)2, \u2014C(O)R17, \u2014C(O)-L-R17, -L-C(O)R17, \u2014CO2R17, -L-CO2R17, \u2014C(O)C(O)R17\u2014SO2R17, L-SO2R17, \u2014SO2N(R17)2, -L-SO2N(R17)2, \u2014C(\u2550S)N(R17)2, \u2014C(\u2550NH)\u2014N(R17)2, L-NR17SO2R17, \u2014C(O)\u2014N(R17)2, -L-C(O)\u2014N(R17)2, \u2014C(O)-L-N(R17)2 dr \u2014C(O)-L-OR17;
wherein L is an optionally substituted C1-C6alkylene group; and
each occurrence of R17 is independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from an aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, or non-aromatic heterocyclic, or two occurrences of R17, taken together with the nitrogen atom, form a substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic ring.
20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An image sensor, comprising:
a photodiode chip comprising:
a plurality of pixels grouped into pixel cells, a pixel cell comprising:
two or more pixels, each pixel including:
a photodiode for receiving light; and
a first transfer gate operably connected between the photodiode and a transfer channel shared by the two or more pixels;
a transistor array chip stacked vertically on the photodiode chip, the transistor array chip comprising:
multiple communication paths in communication with the pixel cell, each communication path comprising:
a second transfer gate operably connected between the shared transfer channel and a storage node; and
a storage transfer gate operably connected to the storage node;
wherein the shared transfer channel extends vertically from the photodiode chip to the transistor array chip and transfers charge from at least one photodiode in the pixel cell to a respective communication path.
2. The image sensor as in claim 1, further comprising an anti-blooming gate operably connected to each photodiode in the pixel cell.
3. The image sensor as in claim 1, further comprising an anti-blooming and reset gate operably connected to the shared transfer channel, wherein the anti-blooming and reset gate extends vertically between the photodiode chip and the transistor array chip.
4. The image sensor as in claim 1, wherein each storage transfer gate in the multiple communication paths operably connect to a shared floating diffusion node.
5. The image sensor as in claim 4, further comprising two or more gain adjustment gates operably connected to the shared floating diffusion node.
6. The image sensor as in claim 5, further comprising a reset gate and a source follower gate operably connected to the shared floating diffusion node.
7. The image sensor as in claim 1, wherein each storage transfer gate operably connects to a floating diffusion node in each communication path.
8. The image sensor as in claim 7, further comprising a reset gate and a source follower gate operably connected to each floating diffusion node.
9. The image sensor as in claim 1, wherein the transfer channel comprises:
a semiconductor transfer channel;
an oxide layer surrounding an outer perimeter surface of the transfer channel;
a polysilicon layer at least partially surrounding an outer perimeter surface of the oxide layer; and
a metal layer operably connected to the transfer channel, wherein the metal layer communicatively connects the transfer channel to the transistor array chip.
10. The image sensor as in claim 9, wherein the transfer channel is cylindrically shaped.
11. A mobile electronic device, comprising:
at least camera;
a display screen for displaying an image captured by the camera; and
a memory for storing the image captured by the camera;
wherein the at least one camera comprises:
a photodiode chip comprising:
a plurality of pixels grouped into pixel cells, a pixel cell comprising:
two or more pixels, each pixel including:
\u2003a photodiode for receiving light; and
\u2003a first transfer gate operably connected between the photodiode and a transfer channel shared by the two or more pixels;
a transistor array chip stacked vertically on the photodiode chip, the transistor array chip comprising:
multiple communication paths in communication with the pixel cell, each communication path comprising:
a second transfer gate operably connected between the shared transfer channel and a storage node; and
a storage transfer gate operably connected to the storage node;
wherein the shared transfer channel extends vertically from the photodiode chip to the transistor array chip and transfers charge from at least one photodiode in the pixel cell to a respective communication path.
12. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, further comprising a processor operably connected to the camera and to the memory, wherein the processor stores the image in the memory.
13. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, further comprising a processor operably connected to the camera and to the display, wherein the processor receives the image from the camera and displays the image on the display.
14. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, further comprising an anti-blooming gate operably connected to each photodiode in the pixel cell.
15. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, further comprising an anti-blooming and reset gate operably connected to the shared transfer channel, wherein the anti-blooming and reset gate extends vertically between the photodiode chip and the transistor array chip.
16. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, wherein each storage transfer gate in the multiple communication paths operably connect to a shared floating diffusion node.
17. The mobile electronic device as in claim 16, further comprising two or more gain adjustment gates operably connected to the shared floating diffusion node.
18. The mobile electronic device as in claim 17, further comprising a reset gate and a source follower gate operably connected to the shared floating diffusion node.
19. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, wherein each storage transfer gate operably connects to a floating diffusion node in each communication path.
20. The mobile electronic device as in claim 19, further comprising a reset gate and a source follower gate operably connected to each floating diffusion node in each communication path.
21. The mobile electronic device as in claim 11, wherein the transfer channel comprises:
a semiconductor transfer channel;
an oxide layer surrounding an outer perimeter surface of the transfer channel;
a polysilicon layer at least partially surrounding an outer perimeter surface of the oxide layer; and
a metal layer in communication with the transfer channel, wherein the metal layer communicatively connects the transfer channel to the transistor array chip.
22. A method for operating an image sensor having a photodiode chip comprising a plurality of pixels grouped into pixel cells, each pixel cell including two or more pixels, and a transistor array chip vertically stacked on the photodiode chip and in communication with the photodiode chip, the method comprising:
simultaneously activating the pixel cells in the image sensor to begin charge collection, wherein the pixels in the pixel cells begin collecting charge sequentially; and
begin reading out the charge from each pixel in the pixel cells sequentially, wherein a duration of a charge collection time for the pixels in the pixel cells is substantially the same.
23. The method as in claim 22, wherein simultaneously activating each pixel cell in the image sensor comprises activating an anti-blooming and reset gate operably connected to each pixel cell to reset the two or more pixels in each pixel cell.
24. The method as in claim 22, wherein reading out the charge from each pixel in the pixel cells sequentially comprises:
activating a first transfer transistor in a pixel;
activating a second transfer transistor in the transistor array chip; and
transferring charge from the pixel on the photodiode chip to a storage node operably connected to the second transfer transistor on the transistor array chip using a transfer channel that extends vertically between the photodiode chip and the transistor array chip and is operably connected to the first and second transistors.

1. An apparatus for removing plant matter from a waterway, the apparatus comprising:
a vehicle on land alongside the waterway;
a spray-head assembly attached to the vehicle and extending over or into the waterway, the spray-head assembly containing a nozzle and being adapted for reciprocating motion of the nozzle; and
a water supply adapted to deliver water at high pressure from the vehicle to the nozzle of the spray-head so that water from the nozzle may cut plant matter in the waterway;
the apparatus further comprising a flywheel and a pitman linkage on the spray-head assembly, and said flywheel and pitman linkage provide said reciprocating motion of the nozzle.
2. An apparatus for removing plant matter from a waterway, the
apparatus comprising:
a vehicle on land alongside the waterway;
a spray-head assembly attached to the vehicle and extending over or into the waterway, the spray-head assembly containing a nozzle and being adapted for reciprocating motion of the nozzle; and
a water supply adapted to deliver water at high pressure from the vehicle to the nozzle of the spray-head so that water from the nozzle may cut plant matter in the waterway;
the apparatus further comprising a hydraulic ram on the spray-head assembly and said hydraulic ram provides said reciprocating motion of the nozzle.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising
a transmitter configured to transmit, in a fragmentation transmission mode, a set of data being divided in a plurality of fragment frames, wherein the fragment frames are transmitted in a consecutive order,
a receiver configured to receive an acknowledgment message for confirming a successful transmission of the data frames,
a determiner configured to determine whether or not an acknowledgment message for confirming the successful transmission of one fragment frame is received before the next fragment frame is transmitted or before the transmission is completed, and
a retransmission processing portion configured, in case the determiner determines that the acknowledgment for the successful transmission of the one fragment frame is not received, to maintain the fragmentation transmission mode and to initiate a retransmission of the fragment frame corresponding to that for which the acknowledgement of the successful transmission is not received.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a detector configured to detect whether or not at least one further fragment frame exists in the consecutive order after the one fragment frame for which the acknowledgment for the successful transmission is not received,
wherein the retransmission processing portion is further configured to maintain the fragmentation transmission mode and to initiate the retransmission of the fragment frame corresponding to that for which the acknowledgement of the successful transmission is not received in case the detector detects that at least one further fragment frame exists in the consecutive order.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determiner is configured to determine whether or not the acknowledgment message for confirming the successful transmission of a current fragment frame is received by at least one of
determining that the receiver has not received a corresponding acknowledgment message within a predetermined period of time after the transmission of the current fragment frame, and
determining that an indication is received to start a retransmission of a fragment frame which is not successfully transmitted.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the indication to start a retransmission of a fragment frame which is not successfully transmitted is received by the receiver as an acknowledgment message for a successful transmission of a preceding fragment frame being transmitted before the current fragment frame, wherein the message is received within a predetermined period of time after the transmission of the current fragment frame.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a retransmission counter configured to determine whether a number of retransmission attempts initiated by the retransmission processing portion reaches a preset maximum number and to stop the retransmission processing portion to initiate a retransmission the fragment frame corresponding to that for which the acknowledgement of the successful transmission is not received when the maximum number is reached.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the maximum number is adaptively set according a function of prevailing communication network state.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a distinguisher configured to distinguish a receiving status of information, on the basis of which the determiner determines whether or not the acknowledgment message for confirming the successful transmission of one fragment frame is received, into a first status where no acknowledgement message is received and a second status where at least one of an incomplete acknowledgement message or an indication to start a retransmission of a fragment frame is received,
wherein the distinguisher is further configured to stop the retransmission processing portion to initiate a retransmission the fragment frame in the first status, and to allow the retransmission processing portion to initiate a retransmission the fragment frame in the second status.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit, in the fragmentation transmission mode, an indication with one of the fragment frames that at least one further fragment frame in the consecutive order follows.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is comprised in a source station communicating in a wireless local area network.
10. A method comprising
transmitting, in a fragmentation transmission mode, a set of data being divided in a plurality of fragment frames, wherein the fragment frames are transmitted in a consecutive order,
determining whether or not an acknowledgment message for confirming a successful transmission of one fragment frame is received before the next fragment frame is transmitted or before the transmission is completed, and
in case it is determined that the acknowledgment for the successful transmission of the one fragment frame is not received, maintaining the fragmentation transmission mode and initiating a retransmission of the fragment frame corresponding to that for which the acknowledgement of the successful transmission is not received.
11. An apparatus comprising
a receiver configured to receive, in a fragmentation transmission mode, a set of data being divided in a plurality of fragment frames, wherein the fragment frames are received in a consecutive order,
a transmitter configured to transmit an acknowledgment message for confirming a successful transmission of the data frames,
a receipt determiner configured to determine whether or not a current fragment frame is successfully transmitted and received, and
a retransmission requesting portion configured, in case the receipt determiner determines that the fragment frame is not successfully received, to send a request for retransmission of the fragment frame which is not successfully transmitted and received, wherein the request for retransmission comprises an indication to maintain the fragmentation transmission mode, and to reserve transmission resources for the retransmission of the fragment frame
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising
a detector configured to detect whether or not at least one further fragment frame is to be received in the consecutive order after the one fragment frame being not successfully received,
wherein the retransmission requesting portion is further configured to send the request for retransmission of the fragment frame and to reserve the transmission resources in case the detector detects that at least one further fragment frame exists in the consecutive order.
13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the receipt determiner is configured to determine whether or not the fragment frame is successfully transmitted and received by determining that the receiver has not received the fragment frame within a predetermined period of time after a transmission of an acknowledgment message for a preceding fragment frame.
14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the request for retransmission comprises an indication to start a retransmission of a fragment frame which is not successfully transmitted in the form of a preceding acknowledgment message for a successful transmission and receipt of a preceding fragment frame being transmitted and received before the current fragment frame.
15. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising
a retransmission counter configured to determine whether a number of requests for retransmission sent by the retransmission requesting portion reaches a preset maximum number, and to stop the retransmission requesting portion to send a request for retransmission of the fragment frame which is not successfully received when the maximum number is reached.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the maximum number is adaptively set according a function of prevailing communication network state.
17. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising
a distinguisher configured to distinguish a receiving status of information, on the basis of which the receipt determiner determines whether or not the fragment frame is successfully transmitted and received, into a first status where no fragment frame is received and a second status where an incomplete fragment frame is received,
wherein the distinguisher is further configured to stop the retransmission requesting portion to send the request for retransmission of the fragment frame in the first status, and to allow the retransmission requesting portion to send the request for retransmission of the fragment frame in the second status.
18. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive, in the fragmentation transmission mode, an indication with one of the fragment frames that at least one further fragment frame in the consecutive order follows.
19. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus is comprised in a destination station communicating in a wireless local area network.