Author: claimsbot

1. A driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus to transfer driving power of a driving element of the developing apparatus to a developing element, comprising:
a shaft;
a coupling member comprising:
a coupling drive which is connected to the driving element and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving element,
a coupling gear to which the driving power is transferred from the coupling drive, and
a coupling disc positioned between the coupling drive and the coupling gear to flexibly connect the coupling drive and the coupling gear to each other, and correcting an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving element and the coupling gear; and

a power transferring portion including a plurality of gears so as to transfer the driving power from the coupling member to the developing element,
wherein at least one of the plurality of gears is a reduction gear to reduce a load applied to the coupling member from the developing element, and
a speed reduction ratio between the developing element and the coupling member is greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
2. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising four sliding slots formed at right angles with one another at an outer circumferential surface of the coupling disc.
3. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising two pairs of sliding projections formed at respective surfaces of the coupling drive and the coupling gear which face the coupling disc to make an angle of 180\xb0 with each other on the respective surfaces, wherein the pair of sliding projections of the coupling drive and the pair of sliding projections of the coupling gear are alternately inserted into the sliding slots of the coupling disc.
4. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the sliding projections have a cylindrical shape.
5. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reduction gear includes a first gear meshed with the coupling gear, and a second gear integrally formed with the first gear, the first and second gears comprising respective sets of teeth, the first gear and the second gear have a common rotation shaft, and a number of teeth of the second gear is smaller than a number of teeth of the first gear.
6. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the power transferring portion further includes idle gears which transfer the driving power to the developing element while meshing with the second gear and rotating.
7. The driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power transferring portion transfers the driving power of the driving element to a toner supply element of the developing apparatus.
8. A driving apparatus of a detachable developing apparatus to transfer driving power of a driving element of the developing apparatus to a developing element, comprising:
a shaft;
a coupling member comprising:
a coupling drive which is connected to the driving element and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving element,
a coupling gear to which the driving power is transferred from the coupling drive, and
a coupling disc positioned between the coupling drive and the coupling gear to flexibly connect the coupling drive and the coupling gear to each other, and correcting an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving element and the coupling gear;

a power transferring portion including a plurality of gears so as to transfer the driving power from the coupling member to the developing element,
wherein at least one of the plurality of gears is a reduction gear to reduce a load applied to the coupling member from the developing element; and
a series of gears connected from the coupling member to the developing element, wherein a speed reduction ratio of the series of gears is greater than 1.5:1.
9. A driving apparatus of a developing apparatus to transfer a driving power of a driving element of the developing apparatus to a developing element of the developing apparatus comprising a shaft, the driving apparatus comprising:
a coupling member which is connected to the driving element and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving element, and correcting an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving element and the coupling member; and
a power transferring portion including a plurality of gears so as to transfer the driving power from the coupling member to the developing element,
wherein at least one of the plurality of gears is a reduction gear to reduce a load applied to the coupling member from the developing element, and
a speed reduction ratio between the developing element and the coupling member is greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
10. A detachable developing apparatus, comprising:
a shaft;
a photosensitive unit, an electrostatic image being formed thereon by being exposed to a laser;
a developing unit to form a toner image from the electrostatic image by supplying toner to the photosensitive unit;
a driving unit to transfer a driving power supplied to the developing unit;
a toner supply unit to supply the toner to the developing unit;
a coupling member comprising:
a coupling drive connected to the driving unit and to which the driving power is transferred from the driving unit,
a coupling gear to which the driving power is transferred from the coupling drive, and
a coupling disc positioned between the coupling drive and the coupling gear to flexibly connect the coupling drive and the coupling gear to each other, and to correct an eccentricity of the shaft between the driving unit and the coupling gear; and

a power transferring unit comprising a plurality of gears to reduce the driving power from the coupling member to the developing unit,
a speed reduction ratio between the developing unit and the coupling member being greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
11. A detachable developing apparatus comprising:
a developer unit to develop an electrostatic image with a toner;
a driving unit to transfer a driving power supplied to the developing unit;
a coupling unit to receive the driving force, wherein the coupling unit comprises an Oldham’s coupling mechanism; and
a reduction gear to reduce the received driving force and transfer the reduced driving force to the developer unit,
a speed reduction ratio between the developer unit and the coupling unit being greater than 1:1,
a rotation speed of the coupling member is higher than a rotation speed of the developing element, and
a torsional moment applied to the coupling member is smaller than a torsional moment applied to the developing element.
12. The developing apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a toner supply unit to supply the toner to the developer unit, wherein the reduced driving force is received by the toner supply unit.
13. The developing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the coupling unit comprises a disc having a plurality of slots at an outer circumferential surface thereof.
14. The developing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the coupling unit further comprises a drive to receive the driving force and comprising a projection inserted into one of the slots of the disc.
15. The developing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the coupling unit further comprises a gear to transfer the driving force to the developer unit and comprising a projection inserted into one of the slots of the disc.
16. The developing apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a driving gear to supply the driving force to the coupling unit, wherein the coupling unit corrects an eccentricity of the driving gear.
17. The developing apparatus of claim 16, wherein the coupling unit rotates with the driving gear.
18. A detachable developing apparatus comprising:
a developer unit to develop an electrostatic image with a toner;
a coupling unit to receive a driving force; and
a reduction gear to reduce the received driving force and transfer the reduced driving force to the developer unit, wherein a speed reduction ratio of the reduction gear is 1.5:1 or greater.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A process of graft polymerization to generate a graft polymerization composition, comprising:
introducing a disulfide-bond-containing material to a polyfunctional monomer, the disulfide-bond-containing material including a disulfide bond connecting a first portion and a second portion, the polyfunctional monomer including at least one first functional group and at least one second functional group, the first functional group including a disulfide bond breaking material for breaking the disulfide bond and forming a second bond between the first portion and the polyfunctional monomer, the second functional group including a thiol group;
introducing an ene monomer to the disulfide-bond-containing material and a polyfunctional monomer to form a mixture;
initiating a thiol-ene polymerization reaction of the mixture; and
performing a solids reaction without the use of water, aqueous solvents or non-aqueous solvents.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the disulfide bond breaking material includes a thiol group, and the second bond is a disulfide bond.
3. The process of claim 1, further comprising:
initiating the thiol-ene polymerization reaction of the mixture using an initiator that includes at least one of a UV light, a thermal initiator, andor a catalyst.
4. The process of claim 1, further comprising initiating a second polymerization reaction to the graft polymerization composition.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the initiating the second polymerization reaction to the graft polymerization composition includes using an initiator that includes at least one of a UV light, a thermal initiator, andor a catalyst.
6. The process of claim 4, wherein the initiating the second polymerization reaction to the graft polymerization composition includes introducing a third monomer or macromer to the mixture, and self-initiating, via the third monomer or macromer, a second polymerization reaction.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the second functional group includes at least one ring, the ring being adapted to be opened to form at least a third functional group.
8. The process of claim 2, wherein a molar ratio of the thiol groups and the ene monomer is not greater than 1:1.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein the first and second portions connected by the disulfide bond are cysteine residues.
10. A graft polymer composition, the composition comprising:
a substrate and a thiol-ene polymer, the substrate and the thiol-ene polymer being bonded via a disulfide-bond;
the substrate including a disulfide-bond-containing material, the disulfide-bond-containing material including a disulfide bond connecting a first portion and a second portion; and
the thiol-ene polymer including a polyfunctional monomer and an ene monomer, the polyfunctional monomer including at least one first functional group and at least one second functional group, the first functional group including a disulfide bond breaking material, and the second functional group including a thiol group configured to react with the ene monomer,
wherein the second functional group includes at least one ring, the ring being adapted to be opened to form at least a third functional group.
11. The graft polymer composition of claim 10, wherein the disulfide bond breaking material includes a thiol group.
12. The graft polymer composition of claim 10, wherein the second functional group includes at least one of an acid anhydride, an acyl halide, an alcohol, an aldehyde, an alkene, an alkyne, an amine, a carboxylic acid, an ester andor a thiol.
13. The composition of claim 11, wherein a molar ratio of the thiol groups and the ene monomer is not greater than 1:1.
14. A process of graft polymerization to generate a graft polymerization composition, comprising:
introducing a disulfide-bond-containing material to a polyfunctional monomer, the disulfide-bond-containing material including a disulfide bond connecting a first portion and a second portion, the polyfunctional monomer including at least one first functional group and at least one second functional group, the first functional group including a disulfide bond breaking material for breaking the disulfide bond and forming a second bond between the first portion and the polyfunctional monomer, the second functional group including a thiol group;
introducing an ene monomer to the disulfide-bond-containing material and a polyfunctional monomer to form a mixture;
initiating a thiol-ene polymerization reaction of the mixture;
performing a solids reaction without the use of water, aqueous solvents or non-aqueous solvents, wherein performing the solids reaction includes:
breaking, via the disulfide bond breaking material of the first functional group, the disulfide bond; and
forming the second bond between the first portion and the polyfunctional monomer.

1. A method of provisioning one or more Network Elements, comprising:
receiving a Customer Service Order (CSO) from a Business Support System, the CSO comprising:
a successfully completed part corresponding to commands successfully completed during a previous execution of the CSO, the previous execution of the CSO causing generation of historical processing data;
an uncompleted part corresponding to commands not successfully completed during the previous execution of the CSO;

calling respective provisioning logic for performing the CSO;
in response to detecting that the performance of the CSO is to be resumed from the previous execution of the CSO, re-executing the CSO by:
directing the successfully completed part of the CSO to a fake environment in which the commands successfully completed during the previous execution of the CSO are fulfilled by retrieving the historical processing data; and
directing commands corresponding to the uncompleted part of the CSO to actual Network Elements.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the historical processing data is stored as log data.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating at least one provisioning command from said CSO; and
executing the at least one provisioning command.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the successfully completed part of the CSO comprises one or more successfully executed provisioning commands.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the historical processing data comprises one or more successfully executed provisioning commands and corresponding responses.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein directing the successfully completed part of the CSO to the fake environment comprises:
retrieving a stored response corresponding to a command that was previously successfully executed; and
forwarding the retrieved response to the respective provisioning logic.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fake environment is built up by a provisioning system framework configured to host various provisioning logics.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fake environment is configured to pretend to be the actual Network Elements to be provisioned based on the stored historical processing data.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the CSO.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
if the CSO is performed successfully, marking the CSO as completed; and
otherwise, marking the CSO as failed.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising automatically resuming a CSO marked as failed.
12. A method of resuming a failed Customer Service Order (CSO) for provisioning one or more Network Elements, comprising:
calling a provisioning logic to re-execute the failed CSO, the failed CSO comprising:
a successfully completed part corresponding to commands successfully completed during a previous execution of the failed CSO, the previous execution of the failed CSO causing generation of historical processing data;
an uncompleted part corresponding to commands not successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO;

directing the successfully completed part of the failed CSO to a fake environment in which the commands successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO are fulfilled by retrieving the historical processing data; and
directing commands corresponding to the uncompleted part of the failed CSO to actual Network Elements.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising retrieving the historical processing data from a log database.
14. An apparatus configured to resume a failed Customer Service Order (CSO) for provisioning one or more Network Elements, the failed CSO comprising a successfully completed part and an uncompleted part, the successfully completed part corresponding to commands successfully completed during a previous execution of the failed CSO, the uncompleted part corresponding to commands not successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO, the previous execution of the CSO causing generation of historical processing data, the apparatus comprising:
a memory for storing the historical processing data;
one or more processing circuits configured to function as a provisioning logic framework, the provisioning logic framework configured to call a provisioning logic in order to re-execute the failed CSO by:
directing the successfully completed part of the failed CSO to a fake environment in which the commands successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO are fulfilled by retrieving the historical processing data; and
directing commands corresponding to an uncompleted part of the failed CSO to actual Network Elements.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processing circuits are further configured to retrieve said historical processing data from a log database.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processing circuits are further configured to:
generate at least one provisioning command from the failed CSO; and
execute said at least one provisioning command via said provisioning logic.
17. The apparatus of claim 16:
wherein the historical processing data comprises successfully executed provisioning commands and corresponding responses; and
wherein the one or more processing circuits are further configured to direct the successfully completed part of the failed CSO to the fake environment by:
retrieving a stored response corresponding with a command that was previously successfully executed; and
forwarding the retrieved response to the provisioning logic.
18. A provisioning system, comprising:
a memory for storing historical processing data stored from a previous execution of one or more Customer Service Orders (CSOs), at least one of the one or more CSOs being a failed CSO comprising:
a successfully completed part corresponding to commands successfully completed during a previous execution of the failed CSO;
an uncompleted part corresponding to commands not successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO; and

one or more processing circuits configured to function as a provisioning logic framework that:
hosts at least one provisioning logic;
communicates with one or more Network Elements; and
is configured to resume the failed CSO for provisioning the one or more Network Elements by calling a provisioning logic to re-execute the failed CSO, in which:
the successfully completed part of the failed CSO is directed to a fake environment in which the commands successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO are fulfilled by retrieving the historical processing data; and
commands corresponding to an uncompleted part of the failed CSO are directed to actual Network elements.
19. The provisioning system of claim 18, further comprising CSO storage for storing CSOs received from a Business Support System.
20. The provisioning system of claim 19, wherein the provisioning logic framework is further configured to mark a CSO as completed if that CSO is performed successfully and, otherwise, to mark the CSO as failed.
21. The provisioning system of claim 20, wherein the provisioning logic framework is further configured to automatically resume a CSO marked as failed.
22. A computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprising program instructions that, when executed by one or more processing circuits associated with a provisioning system, cause the provisioning system to provision one or more Network Elements, the computer program instructions causing the provisioning system to:
call respective provisioning logic for performing a Customer Service Order (CSO) received from a Business Support System, the CSO comprising:
a successfully completed part corresponding to commands successfully completed during a previous execution of the CSO, the previous execution of the CSO causing generation of historical processing data;
an uncompleted part corresponding to commands not successfully completed during the previous execution of the CSO;

in response to detecting that the performance of the CSO is to be resumed from the previous execution of the CSO, re-executing the CSO by:
directing the successfully completed part of the CSO to a fake environment in which the commands successfully completed during the previous execution of the CSO are fulfilled by retrieving the historical processing data; and
directing commands corresponding to the uncompleted part of the CSO to actual Network Elements.
23. A computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprising program instructions that, when executed by one or more processing circuits associated with a provisioning system, cause the provisioning system to resume a failed Customer Service Order (CSO) for provisioning one or more Network Elements, the computer program instructions causing the provisioning system to:
call a provisioning logic for re-executing the failed CSO, the failed CSO comprising a successfully completed part and an uncompleted part, the successfully completed part corresponding to commands successfully completed during a previous execution of the failed CSO, the uncompleted part corresponding to commands not successfully completed during the previous execution of the failed CSO, the previous execution of the CSO causing generation of historical processing data, the re-executing comprising:
directing the successfully completed part of the failed CSO to a fake environment in which the commands successfully completed of the failed CSO are fulfilled by retrieving the historical processing data; and
directing commands corresponding to an uncompleted part of the failed CSO to actual Network Elements.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A fluid valve for use in a downhole environment, comprising:
a first port;
a second port;
a third port;
a chamber fluidly coupled to the second port;
a first slidable sleeve configured to selectively fluidly couple the first port to the chamber and the second port;
a second slidable sleeve configured to selectively fluidly couple the third port to the chamber and the second port; and
a piston forming at least part of the chamber and operatively coupled to the sleeves, wherein the piston is configured to move between:
a first position in which the first sleeve is displaced by the piston to fluidly couple the first port to the chamber and the second port;
a second position in which neither sleeve is displaced by the piston so that neither of the first and third ports is fluidly coupled to the second port; and
a third position in which the second sleeve is displaced by the piston to fluidly couple the third port to the chamber and the second port.
2. The fluid valve of claim 1 further comprising a motor coupled to the piston and configured to selectively cause the piston to engage the first sleeve, engage the second sleeve, or disengage the first and second sleeves.
3. The fluid valve of claim 1 further comprising a seal coupled to the piston and configured to fluidly decouple the chamber from at least one of the first port and the third port.
4. The fluid valve of claim 3 wherein the seal is protected by one of the first and second sleeves when the piston engages the respective sleeve.
5. The fluid valve of claim 1 further comprising a first spring coupled to the first sleeve and configured to urge the first sleeve toward a piston bore.
6. The fluid valve of claim 5 further comprising a second spring coupled to the second sleeve and configured to urge the second sleeve toward the piston bore.
7. The fluid valve of claim 5 wherein the piston engages the first sleeve to equalize a pressure difference between the second port and the first port.
8. The fluid valve of claim 7 wherein the piston disengages the first sleeve to decouple the chamber from the first port.
9. The fluid valve of claim 1 further comprising a pressure sensor configured to determine a pressure difference between the second port and the first port or the third port.
10. The fluid valve of claim 9 wherein the piston engages the first sleeve or the second sleeve in response to the respective pressure difference traversing a threshold.
11. The fluid valve of claim 1 wherein the first port comprises an opening having a diameter of at least 0.218 inch.
12. The fluid valve of claim 1 further comprising a piston bore encompassing at least the chamber, wherein the piston bore has an inner diameter substantially equal to an inner diameter of the first sleeve.
13. The fluid valve of claim 1 wherein the first port comprises an opening directed radially outward from a piston bore.
14. A method of routing fluid in a downhole environment, comprising:
moving a piston and a chamber in a first direction to displace a first sleeve;
fluidly coupling the chamber to a first port in response to the displacement of the first sleeve;
moving the piston and the chamber in a second direction to fluidly decouple the chamber from the first port and to displace a second sleeve;
fluidly coupling the chamber to a second port in response to the displacement of the second sleeve; and
moving the piston and the chamber in the first direction to return the second sleeve to fluidly decouple the second port from the chamber.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising determining a pressure difference between the chamber and one of the first and second ports.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein moving the piston and the chamber is in response to determining a pressure difference between the chamber and one of the first and second ports.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the chamber comprises space between the piston and a piston bore.
18. The method of claim 14 further comprising moving the piston and the chamber to a neutral position in which the chamber is fluidly decoupled from the first and second ports.
19. The method of claim 14 wherein the piston comprises a seal between the chamber and one of the first and second ports.
20. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
disengaging the first sleeve to fluidly decouple the first port from the chamber; and
disengaging the second sleeve to fluidly decouple the second port from the chamber.