Author: claimsbot

1. An apparatus comprising at least one processing core and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to:
present a graphical user interface comprising a spatial representation and at least one element, the at least one element being associated with a specific physical loudspeaker, and
receive an input concerning moving a first element comprised in the at least one element within the spatial representation, cause activation of a sensory signal in a physical loudspeaker associated with the first element, determine a location in the spatial representation where the first element is moved to, and based at least in part on the determined location, assign a name to at least one of the first element and the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to, based at least in part on the determined location, assign an audio channel to the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one element comprises at least two elements, the at least two elements being associated with physical loudspeakers of different types.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the different types comprise a monitor loudspeaker and a subwoofer.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to assign the name based at least in part on whether the determined location is in a central part, a left-hand-side part or a right-hand-side part of the spatial representation.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a functionality configured to, when activated, trigger a calibration procedure.
9. (canceled)
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface is configured to convey information relating to a status of at least one physical loudspeaker associated with an element comprised in the graphical user interface.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to assign the name based at least in part on a type of physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphical user interface comprises at least two spatial representations, each of the at least two spatial representations being associated with a vertical level of a room.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to conceal at least one spatial representation that is not in use from view, while a user interacts with another spatial representation.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to select, based at least in part on the determined location, a digital audio subframe for the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
15. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to associate one monitor loudspeaker with one subwoofer, the monitor loudspeaker and the subwoofer each being associated with exactly one of the at least two elements.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to cause calibration of a phase of the subwoofer associated with the monitor loudspeaker, with the monitor loudspeaker.
17. (canceled)
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus to determine an impulse response of a room associated with the spatial representation, and to determine, based at least in part on the impulse response, equalization information concerning the room.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the graphical user interface comprises functionality configured to, when activated, enable a user to at least one of view and modify equalization information concerning a specific physical loudspeaker.
20. A method, comprising:
presenting, in an apparatus, a graphical user interface comprising a spatial representation and at least one element, each of the at least element being associated with a specific physical loudspeaker;
receiving an input concerning moving a first element comprised in the at least one element within the spatial representation;
causing activation of a sensory signal in a physical loudspeaker associated with the first element;
determining a location in the spatial representation where the first element is moved to, and
assigning, based at least in part on the determined location, a name to at least one of the first element and the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising causing the apparatus to, based at least in part on the determined location, assign an audio channel to the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the sensory signal comprises at least one of a sound or a light signal.
23. The method according to claim 20, wherein the spatial representation models, at least in part, a system layout of a loudspeaker system.
24. The method according to claim 20, wherein the at least one element comprises at least two elements, the at least two elements being associated with physical loudspeakers of different types.
25. (canceled)
26. The method according to claim 20, comprising causing the apparatus to assign the name based at least in part on whether the determined location is in a central part, a left-hand-side part or a right-hand-side part of the spatial representation.
27. The method according to claim 20, wherein the graphical user interface comprises a functionality configured to, when activated, trigger a calibration procedure of at least one of sound colour, timing and volume.
28. (canceled)
29. The method according to claim 20, wherein the graphical user interface is configured to convey information relating to a status of at least one physical loudspeaker associated with an element comprised in the graphical user interface.
30. The method according to claim 20, comprising causing the apparatus to assign the name based at least in part on a type of physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
31. The method according to claim 20, wherein the graphical user interface comprises at least two spatial representations, each of the at least two spatial representations being associated with a vertical level of a room.
32. The method according to claim 31, comprising causing the apparatus to conceal at least one spatial representation that is not in use from view, while a user interacts with another spatial representation.
33. The method according to claim 20, comprising causing the apparatus to select, based at least in part on the determined location, a digital audio subframe for the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
34. The method according to claim 25, comprising causing the apparatus to associate one monitor loudspeaker with one subwoofer, the monitor loudspeaker and the subwoofer each being associated with exactly one of the at least two elements.
35. The method according to claim 34, comprising causing the apparatus to calibrate a phase of the subwoofer associated with the monitor loudspeaker, with the monitor loudspeaker.
36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the calibrating comprises using at least one of a maximal cancellation method or a Fourier analysis method.
37. The method according to claim 20, comprising causing the apparatus to determine an impulse response of a room associated with the spatial representation, and to determine, based at least in part on the impulse response, equalization information concerning the room.
38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the graphical user interface comprises functionality configured to, when activated, enable a user to at least one of view and modify equalization information concerning a specific physical loudspeaker.
39. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a set of computer readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause an apparatus to at least:
present, in an apparatus, a graphical user interface comprising a spatial representation and at least one element, each of the at least element being associated with a specific physical loudspeaker;
receive an input concerning moving a first element comprised in the at least one element within the spatial representation;
cause activation of a sensory signal in a physical loudspeaker associated with the first element;
determine a location in the spatial representation where the first element is moved to and based at least in part on the determined location, and
assign a name to at least one of the first element and the physical loudspeaker associated with the first element.
40. (canceled)
41. (canceled)

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged;
a sheet containing section that contains the recording medium arranged below a position for transferring the toner image to the recording medium; and
a conveyance route that linearly conveys the recording medium sent out from the sheet containing section toward the toner image transferring position.
2. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein the first fixing device is arranged right above the position for transferring the toner image.
3. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein a direction in which the recording medium carrying the image re-fixed by the second fixing device is discharged when the second route is selected by the switch section is opposite to the direction in which the recording medium is discharged when the first route is selected by the switch section.
4. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein the direction in which the recording medium carrying the image re-fixed by the second fixing device is discharged when the second route is selected by the switch section is the same as a direction in which the recording medium goes into the second fixing device.
5. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein the second fixing device has a maximum fixing width smaller than a maximum fixing width of the first fixing device, and a middle section of the maximum fixing width of the second fixing device is arranged closer to a front side of the apparatus than a middle section of the maximum fixing width of the first fixing device.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the second fixing device is a removable.
7. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged;
an image reading Section that is arranged above an image forming section forming an image on the recording medium and adapted to read an original and obtain an image signal,
wherein a position where the recording medium carrying the image re-fixed by the second fixing device is discharged when the second route is selected by the switch section is located below the image reading section and between the image reading section and the image forming section.
8. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein the apparatus is adapted to operate in any of a plurality of image forming modes and further comprises:
a mode selecting section that selects one of the plurality of modes; and
the switch section is adapted to select either the first route or the second route according to the mode selected by the mode selecting section,
wherein the plurality of image forming modes to be selected by the mode selecting section include a photograph image quality mode that forms an image of photograph image quality on the recording medium; and
wherein the switch section is adapted to select the second route when the photograph image quality mode is selected by the mode selecting section.
9. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein the first fixing device is arranged above the position for transferring the toner image.
10. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein a direction in which the recording medium is discharged when the first route is selected by the switch section intersects a direction in which the recording medium goes into the first fixing device.
11. An image forming apparatus forming an image on a recording medium by transferring a toner image carried by a sensitized body to the recording medium being conveyed, and then, fixing and discharging the transferred image, the apparatus comprising:
a first fixing device that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium;
a second fixing device that re-fixes the toner image fixed on the recording medium by the first fixing device; and
a switch section that selects either one of a first route and a second route, the first route passing through the first fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged immediately thereafter without passing through the second fixing device, the second route passing through the first fixing device and subsequently the second fixing device and allowing the recording medium to be discharged,
wherein the second fixing device is arranged at a position higher than the first fixing device.
12. The apparatus according to claims 9, 10, or 11, wherein the first and second fixing devices are contained in an enclosure.
13. The apparatus according to claims 9, 10, or 11, wherein the second fixing device is contained in an enclosure different from an enclosure containing the first fixing device.
14. The apparatus according to claims 9, 10, or 11, wherein the second fixing device is a belt-type fixing device having a fixing roll containing a heat source, a fixing belt held by the fixing roll so as to move round, and a pressurizing roll arranged opposite to the fixing roll, in which the fixing belt is nipped between the pressurizing roll and the fixing roll to form a nip section, and the second fixing device is adapted to fix the toner image on the recording medium by applying heat and pressure to the recording medium carrying the toner image facing the fixing belt in the nip section.
15. The apparatus according to claim 9, 10, or 11, further comprising:
a plurality of photosensitized drums arranged in a horizontal direction to form a toner image,
wherein the sensitized body is an intermediate transfer belt adapted to move round by way of the plurality of photosensitized drums and sequentially transfer toner images formed on the plurality of photosensitized drums.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the second fixing device is arranged above the intermediate transfer belt.
17. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first fixing device is adapted to send out the recording medium at a position lower than a position where the recording medium goes into the second fixing device.

1. A memory device comprising:
an array of memory cells positioned in a first block and a second block, the memory cells being arranged in rows and columns;
a plurality of bit lines coupled to the memory cells;
a plurality of word lines coupled to the memory cells;
a sense amplifier positioned between the first block and the second block;
a plurality of electrical connections between said sense amplifier and said bit lines; and
a plurality of isolation transistors in series with said electrical connections, said isolation transistor being located within the first and second blocks and being spaced from said sense amplifier.
2. The memory device of claim 1 wherein said isolation transistors have source and drain regions having the same dimensions as source and drain regions of said memory cells.
3. The memory device of claim 1 wherein said sense amplifier has transistors with source and drain regions having a first size and said memory cells have transistors with source and drain regions having a second size, the second size being smaller than the first size.
4. The memory device of claim 1 wherein said isolation transistor has a source region electrically connected to said bit lines, a drain region electrically connected to an input of said sense amplifier, and a gate region electrically connected to an isolation control signal line, such that said isolation transistor provides a series electrical connection between said bit lines and said sense amplifier.
5. The memory device of claim 4 wherein the isolation control signal has a voltage level greater than a voltage level on said bit lines such that substantially all the voltage on said bit lines is present at the input of said sense amplifier.
6. An integrated circuit structure in a memory device comprising:
a substrate of semiconductor material of a first conductivity type;
an array of memory cells on said substrate, said memory cells being arranged in rows and columns, said memory cells being positioned into blocks;
a plurality of bit line pairs coupled to the memory cells;
a plurality of sense amplifiers in said substrate, said sense amplifiers being positioned between blocks of memory cells; and
a plurality of first isolation transistors being electrically connected in series between said sense amplifiers and said bit lines, said isolation transistors being positioned within the blocks of memory cells and spaced from said sense amplifiers.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 6, further comprising:
a plurality of word lines coupled to gates of the memory cells and gates of said first isolation transistors, said word lines being coupled to a source of a boosted gate voltage.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 6 wherein said sense amplifiers have transistors having a first dimension and said memory cells have transistors having a second dimension, the second dimension being less than the first dimension.
9. The integrated circuit of claim 6 wherein the first isolation transistors are n-channel transistors.
10. The integrated circuit of claim 6, further comprising:
a plurality of second isolation transistors that are p-channel transistors positioned between said sense amplifiers and spaced from the blocks of memory cells, said second isolation transistors and said first isolation transistors being electrically connected such that said first and second isolation transistors form full transmission gates in series with the sense amplifiers.
11. A method for minimizing dynamic RAM layout, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate of semiconductor material of a first conductivity type;
forming an array of memory cells on the substrate, the memory cells being arranged in rows and columns, the memory cells being positioned into blocks;
forming a plurality of bit line pairs coupled to the memory cells;
forming a plurality of sense amplifiers in the substrate, the sense amplifiers being positioned between adjacent blocks of memory cells; and
forming a plurality of first isolation transistors in the substrate, the first isolation transistors having a second conductivity type and being connected in series between the sense amplifiers and the bit lines, the first isolation transistors being positioned within the blocks of memory cells and spaced from the sense amplifiers.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a plurality of word lines coupled to gates of the memory cells and gates of the first isolation transistors, the word lines being coupled to a source of a boosted gate voltage.
13. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
forming a plurality of second isolation transistors in the substrate, the second isolation transistors having a first conductivity type and being positioned within the sense amplifiers, the second isolation transistors being spaced from the blocks of memory cells, the second isolation transistors and the first isolation transistors being electrically connected such that the first and second isolation transistors form full transmission gates.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of manufacturing, storing and transporting hydrogen and oxygen gas, comprising:
feeding water under hydrostatic pressure from a body of water by gravity down through a pipe to the interior bottom of a deep sealed production chamber, which is rigid and noncollapsible;
producing hydrogen and oxygen gas in and under the applied pressure of said water at the bottom of said production chamber with electrolysis,
capturing the produced oxygen gas in an oxygen escape pipe extending from the bottom of said production chamber to exterior of said production chamber, said oxygen gas escape pipe containing a positive anode electrode for the electrolysis in a bottom end of said oxygen pipe,
storing the produced hydrogen gas under pressure above said water under hydrostatic pressure in said sealed production chamber by directly contacting said hydrogen gas thereunder with said water under hydrostatic pressure from said body of water;
periodicallly releasing said stored hydrogen gas in said production chamber for transportation under said hydrostatic pressure while sustaining a pressurized state of the hydrogen gas during expulsion of stored gas volume from said production chamber by continuously applying the hydrostatic pressure of replenished water from said body of water to the stored hydrogen gas volume, thereby enabling such gas to be transported or restored in a pressurized state without the need for further energy consumption to compress the hydrogen gas.
2. The method of claim 1, including also capturing and storing said produced oxygen gas under pressure in a sealed container by directly contacting said oxygen gas thereunder with said water under hydrostatic pressure from said body of water.
3. The method of claim 1, including providing a floating seal on said water in said production chamber for thereby segregating said stored hydrogen gas from said water thereunder.
4. The method of claim 1, providing said production chamber from an underground pit.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said water is fed into said production chamber from the bottom portion of a body of water.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said electrolysis is energized by electricity generated from solar panels or wind mill generators.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said produced hydrogen and oxygen are burned at selected times for generating electricity.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said high pressure of said production chamber is in excess of 500 psi.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein th depth of said production chamber is in excess of 100 feet.