Author: claimsbot

1. A compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof:
wherein
R1 represents a C1-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxyl group, and a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms or a group represented by the following formula (1-1):
wherein a is an integer from 0 to 5 and R6 represents at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, a lower alkylthio group, nitro group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, or a phenyloxy group, which may be the same or different, or represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 5-indanyl group, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl group, allyl group, 3-butenyl group, and 2-propynyl group,
R2 represents a C2-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, a lower alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an aralkylthio group, and a phenyl group, wherein R2 may be further substituted with one or more halogen atoms provided that R2, except for the methylene group in R2 that binds to the nitrogen atom, may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
b is an integer from 0 to 4 and R3 is at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxyl group, which may be the same or different,
R4 represents a lower alkyl group,
R5 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group,
n is an integer from 2 to 4, and
X represents \u2014NH\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014.
2. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein R1 represents a C1-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxyl group, and a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
3. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein R2 represents a C2-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxyl group and a lower alkylthio group.
4. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein b is 0.
5. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein R4 represents methyl group, ethyl group or isopropyl group.
6. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein R5 represents hydrogen atom or ethyl group.
7. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein n is 2 or 3.
8. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein X represents \u2014O\u2014.
9. The compound according to claim 1 or 2 or the salt thereof, wherein R2 represents a C2-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, and a phenyl group, wherein R2 may be further substituted with one or more halogen atoms provided that R2, except for the methylene group in R2 that binds to the nitrogen atom, may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, b is 0, R4 represents ethyl group, R5 represents hydrogen atom or ethyl group, n represents 2, and X represents \u2014O\u2014.
10. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein R1 represents a group represented by the formula (1-1) wherein a is an integer from 0 to 5, R6 represents fluorine, R2 represents an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of normal pentyl group, normal hexyl group, normal heptyl group, and normal octyl group, b is 0, R4 represents ethyl group, R5 represents hydrogen atom or ethyl group, n is 2, and X represents \u2014NH\u2014.
11. The compound according to claim 1 or the salt thereof, wherein R1 represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group, allyl group, propyl group, p-tolyl group, 4-bromophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 2-methoxyethyl group, isopropyl group, 2-propynyl group, 2-naphthyl group, isobutyl group, 2,2-dimethylpropyl group, and 3-butenyl group, R2 represents heptyl group, b is 0, R4 represents ethyl group, R5 represents hydrogen atom or ethyl group, n is 2, and X represents \u2014O\u2014.
12. A compound or a salt thereof, which is selected from the group consisting of (R)-3-(4-{2-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-heptylureidoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{2-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-heptylureidoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester, (S)-3-(4-{2-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-heptylureidoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid, (S)-3-(4-{2-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-heptylureidoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester, 3-(4-{2-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-heptylureidoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid and 3-(4-{2-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-heptylureidoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester.
13. A compound or a salt thereof, which is selected from the group consisting of 2-ethoxy-3-(4-{2-heptyl(isopropyloxycarbonyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid, 2-ethoxy-3-(4-{2-heptyl(isopropyloxycarbonyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester, (R)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-{2-heptyl(isopropyloxycarbonyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid, (R)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-{2-heptyl(isopropyloxycarbonyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester, (S)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-{2-heptyl(isopropyloxycarbonyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid and (S)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-{2-heptyl(isopropyloxycarbonyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester.
14. A compound or a salt thereof, which is selected from the group consisting of 3-(4-{2-benzyloxycarbonyl(heptyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid, 3-(4-{2-benzyloxycarbonyl(heptyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester, (R)-3-(4-{2-benzyloxycarbonyl(heptyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid, (R)-3-(4-{2-benzyloxycarbonyl(heptyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester, (S)-3-(4-{2-benzyloxycarbonyl(heptyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid and (S)-3-(4-{2-benzyloxycarbonyl(heptyl)aminoethoxy}phenyl)-2-ethoxypropionic acid ethyl ester.
15. A compound or a salt thereof, which is selected from the group consisting of (R)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-2-(N-heptyl-N-methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxyphenyl}propionic acid, (R)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-2-(N-heptyl-N-methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxyphenyl}propionic acid ethyl ester, (S)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-2-(N-heptyl-N-methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxyphenyl}propionic acid, (S)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-2-(N-heptyl-N-methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxyphenyl}propionic acid ethyl ester, 2-ethoxy-3-{4-2-(N-heptyl-N-methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxyphenyl}propionic acid and 2-ethoxy-3-{4-2-(N-heptyl-N-methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxyphenyl}propionic acid ethyl ester.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, which is a hypoglycemic agent andor triglyceride reducing agent andor total cholesterol reducing agent.
18. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, which is used for prophylactic andor therapeutic treatment of diabetes mellitus andor hyperlipidemia.
19. A method for preparing the compound represented by the formula (1) or the salt thereof according to claim 1, which comprises the step of reacting a compound represented by the following formula (3):
wherein
R21 represents a C1-11 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, a lower alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an aralkylthio group, and a phenyl group, wherein R21 may be further substituted with one or more halogen atoms, b is an integer from 0 to 4, R3 is at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxyl group, which may be the same or different, R4 represents a lower alkyl group, R51 represents a protective group of the carboxyl group, and n is an integer from 2 to 4, with a compound represented by the following formula (4):
R1\u2014Y\u2003\u2003(4)
wherein R1 represents a C1-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxyl group, and a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, or represents a group represented by the following formula (1-1):
wherein a is an integer from 0 to 5, R6 is at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, a lower alkylthio group, nitro group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, or a phenyloxy group, which may be the same or different, or represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 5-indanyl group, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl group, allyl group, 3-butenyl group, and 2-propynyl group, and Y represents
\u2014NCO or \u2014OCOW where W represents a leaving group, to prepare a compound represented by the following formula (2):
wherein R1, R3, b, R4, R51, and n are the same as those defined above, and R2 represents a C2-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, a lower alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an aralkylthio group, and a phenyl group, wherein R2 may be further substituted with one or more halogen atoms provided that R2, except for the methylene group in R2 that binds to the nitrogen atom, may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and removing the protective group R51, if necessary.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the protective group R51 is at least one selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl group, phenyl group, trityl group, benzyl group, 2-tetrahydropyranyl group, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, triethylsilyl group, dimethylphenylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, or allyl group.
21. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, which is a hypoglycemic agent andor triglyceride reducing agent.
22. The method according to claim 19, wherein R51 is a lower alkyl group and Y represents \u2014NCO or \u2014OCOCl.
23. A method of treating a disease comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 to a mammal, wherein said disease is characterized by being responsive to a hypoglycemic agent, a triglyceride reducing agent or a total cholesterol reducing agent.
24. A method of treating a disease comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 to a mammal, wherein said disease is diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia.
25. A compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof:
wherein
R1 represents a C1-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxyl group, and a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms or a group represented by the following formula (1-1):
wherein a is an integer from 0 to 5 and R6 represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxyl group, a lower alkylthio group, nitro group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, and a phenyloxy group, which may be the same or different, or represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 5-indanyl group, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl group, allyl group, 3-butenyl group, and 2-propynyl group,
R2 represents a C2-12 alkyl group which may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, a lower alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an aralkylthio group, and a phenyl group, wherein R2 may be further substituted with one or more halogen atoms,
b is an integer from 0 to 4 and R3 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, and a lower alkoxyl group, which may be the same or different,
R4 represents a lower alkyl group,
R5 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group,
n represents an integer from 2 to 4,
X represents \u2014NH\u2014 or \u2014O\u2014, and
* represents an asymmetric carbon.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A sensor comprising:
a sensor body comprising an elastic material; and
an emitter and a detector disposed on the sensor body, wherein the sensor body has a single substantially inelastic portion extending only between the emitter and the detector.
2. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a pulse oximetry sensor, a sensor configured to measure a water fraction, or a sensor configured to measure water compartmentalization.
3. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a carboxyhemoglobin sensor, a hematocrit sensor, or a methemoglobin sensor.
4. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a blood constituent sensor, or a tissue constituent sensor.
5. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
6. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the detector comprises at least one photodetector.
7. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the elastic material comprises a uniaxially elastic material.
8. The sensor, as set forth in claim 7, wherein the uniaxially elastic material is elastic along an imaginary axis connecting the emitter and the detector.
9. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the elastic material comprises a woven material.
10. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a stiffening member adapted to hold the emitter and the detector at a substantially fixed optical distance.
11. The sensor, as set forth in claim 10, wherein the stiffening member comprises a gel, liquid, gas, or foam.
12. The sensor, as set forth in claim 10, wherein the stiffening member comprises a metal or a rigid polymeric material.
13. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor body comprises at least one panel of elastic material.
14. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein at least 10% of the sensor body comprises the elastic material.
15. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a reflectance-type sensor.
16. The sensor, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a transmission-type sensor.
17. A system comprising:
a monitor; and
a sensor adapted to be operatively coupled to the monitor, the
sensor comprising:
a sensor body comprising an elastic material, wherein a portion of the elastic material corresponds to a top of a digit joint; and
an emitter and a detector disposed on the sensor body, wherein sensor body has a single substantially inelastic portion extending only between the emitter and the detector.
18. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a pulse oximetry sensor or a sensor for measuring a water fraction.
19. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a blood constituent sensor or a tissue constituent sensor.
20. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a carboxyhemoglobin sensor or a methemoglobin sensor.
21. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
22. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the detector comprises at least one photodetector.
23. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the elastic material comprises a uniaxially elastic material.
24. The system, as set forth in claim 23, wherein the uniaxially elastic material is elastic along an imaginary axis connecting the emitter and the detector.
25. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the elastic material comprises a woven material.
26. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises a stiffening member adapted to hold the emitter and the detector at a substantially fixed optical distance.
27. The system, as set forth in claim 26, wherein the stiffening member comprises a gel, liquid, gas, or foam.
28. The system, as set forth in claim 26, wherein the stiffening member comprises a metal or a rigid polymeric material.
29. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor body comprises at least one panel of elastic material.
30. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein at least 10% of the sensor body comprises the elastic material.
31. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises a reflectance-type sensor.
32. The system, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the sensor comprises a transmission-type sensor.
33. A method of response to movement of a sensor comprising:
applying a sensor body comprising an emitter and a detector to a patient’s tissue; and
stretching an elastic material of the sensor body in response to a movement of the tissue, wherein the optical distance between the emitter and the detector remains substantially fixed by a single substantially inelastic portion of the sensor body spanning only between the emitter and the detector.
34. The method, as set forth in claim 33, comprising stretching the elastic portion along a single axis.
35. The method, as set forth in claim 34, wherein the single axis comprises an imaginary axis connecting the emitter and the detector.
36. The method, as set forth in claim 33, comprising fixing the optical distance between the emitter and the detector with a stiffening member.
37. A method of manufacturing a sensor, comprising:
providing a sensor body comprising an elastic material; and
providing an emitter and a detector disposed on the sensor body, wherein the sensor body has a single substantially inelastic portion extending only between the emitter and the detector.
38. The method, as set forth in claim 37, wherein the elastic material comprises a uniaxially elastic material.
39. The method, as set forth in claim 38, wherein the uniaxially elastic material is elastic along an imaginary axis connecting the emitter and the detector.
40. The method, as set forth in claim 37, wherein the elastic material comprises a woven material.
41. The method, as set forth in claim 37, comprising:
providing a stiffening member adapted to hold the emitter and the detector at a substantially fixed optical distance.
42. The method, as set forth in claim 37, wherein the sensor body comprises at least one panel of elastic material.
43. The method, as set forth in claim 37, wherein at least 10% of the sensor body comprises the elastic material.
44. A sensor comprising:
a sensor body comprising an elastic material adapted to expand in response to a biasing force, wherein a portion of the elastic material corresponds to a top of a digit joint; and
an emitter and a detector disposed on the sensor body, wherein the sensor body has a single substantially inelastic portion spanning only between the emitter and detector adapted to fix the optical distance between the emitter and the detector.
45. The sensor, as set forth in claim 44, wherein the sensor comprises at least one of a pulse oximetry sensor or a sensor for measuring a water fraction.
46. The sensor, as set forth in claim 44, wherein the emitter comprises at least one light emitting diode.
47. The sensor, as set forth in claim 44, wherein the sensor is adapted to expand at least 20% in length along imaginary axis connecting the emitter and the detector.

1. A method of operating a QKD system having a modulator, comprising:
activating the modulator to provide first random modulations during gating intervals, wherein each gating interval corresponds to an expected arrival of a qubit; and
activating the modulator outside of said gating intervals to provide second random modulations that do not modulate any qubits.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first random modulations are caused by first signals from a first random number generator, and the second random modulations are caused by second signals from a second random number generator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second random modulations are based on signals from a single random number generator.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second modulations are carried out such that the modulator is continuously or nearly continuously modulated during an exchange of qubits.
5. A method of increasing the security of a QKD station having a modulator, comprising:
randomly activating the modulator during gating intervals associated with respective expected arrival times of qubits; and
randomly activating the modulator outside of the gating intervals.
6. The method of claim 5, including recording the modulations made during the gating intervals in order to establish a secure key between two QKD stations of a QKD system.
7. A method of operating a modulator of a QKD station in a QKD system, comprising:
during an exchange of qubits in the QKD system, constantly randomly activating the modulator based on select modulation values, regardless of whether a qubit is expected to pass through the modulator; and
recording modulation values for the modulations that actually modulate qubits.
8. The method of claim 7, including using synchronization signals that correspond with expected arrival times of qubits at the modulator to identify the modulations that actually modulate qubits.
9. A method according to claim 5, wherein randomly modulating the modulator during and outside of the gating intervals is performed such that the modulation is continuous or essentially continuous during an exchange of qubits with another QKD station.
10. A method according to claim 7, wherein the select modulation values consist of either two modulation values or four modulation values.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A device for subcutaneous monitoring of glucose levels, comprising:
a housing;
a sensor; and
a porous biointerface layer for promoting long term microcirculatory delivery of glucose and oxygen to the sensor for a time period of at least about one month, wherein the porous biointerface layer comprises an architecture that supports tissue ingrowth and is configured to maintain sufficient fluid flow to the sensor for long term glucose measurement, wherein the porous biointerface layer further comprises a first bioactive agent configured to be released over a first time period of from about one day to about one month, wherein release of the first bioactive agent is configured to increase a rate at which the device becomes functional by at least partially overcoming sleep period effects associated with a temporary decrease in sensor sensitivity associated with tissue ingrowth into the porous biointerface layer; wherein the porous biointerface layer further comprises a second bioactive agent configured to be released over a second time period, wherein release of the second bioactive a ent is configured to modulate a foreign body response to reduce a continual decline in sensor sensitivity over a life of a sensor.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the biointerface layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride, mixed cellulose esters, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyester, mixed esters of cellulose polyvinylidene difluoride, silicone, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polysulfone, polymethacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the biointerface layer comprises expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the biointerface layer comprises silicone.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bioactive or the second bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-inflammatory agents, anti-infective agents, anesthetics, inflammatory agents, growth factors, immunosuppressive agents, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, ACE inhibitors, cytotoxic agents, anti-barrier cell compounds, vascularization-inducing compounds, anti-sense molecules, and mixtures thereof.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bioactive agent or the second bioactive agent is an anti-inflammatory agent selected from the group consisting of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NTHEs), aspirin, celecoxib, choline magnesium trisalicylate, diclofenac potassium, diclofenac sodium, diflunisal, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, melenamic acid, nabumetone, naproxen, naproxen sodium, oxaprozin, piroxicam, rofecoxib, salsalate, sulindac, tolmetin, corticosteroids, cortisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone, prednisolone, betamethesone, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, flunisolide, fluticasone propionate, triamcinolone acetonide, betamethasone, fluocinolone, fluocinonide, betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, desonide, desoximetasone, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, clobetasol propionate, dexamethasone, and mixtures thereof.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first bioactive agent or the second bioactive agent is an anti-infective agent selected from the group consisting of anthelmintics, mebendazole, antibiotics, aminoclycosides, gentamicin, neomycin, tobramycin, antifungal antibiotics, amphotericin b, fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nystatin, micatin, tolnaftate, cephalosporins, cefaclor, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalexin, beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotetan, meropenem, chloramphenicol, macrolides, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, penicillins penicillin G sodium salt, amoxicillin, ampicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, tetracyclines, doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, bacitracin, clindamycin, colistimethate sodium, polymyxin b sulfate, vancomycin; antivirals including acyclovir, amantadine, didanosine, efavirenz, foscarnet, ganciclovir, indinavir, lamivudine, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, zidovudine, quinolones, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulfonamides, sulfadiazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfones, dapsone, furazolidone, metronidazole, pentamidine, sulfanilamidum crystallinum, gatifloxacin, sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim, and mixtures thereof.