Author: claimsbot

1. A non-woven composite, comprising:
a non-woven material comprising:
first binder fibers,
first effect fibers, and,
second binder fibers,

wherein the non-woven material being a unitary material having:
a first planar zone defined by a first boundary plane and a first zone inner boundary plane, the first planar zone including a portion of the first binder fibers, the first effect fibers, and the second binder fibers;
a second planar zone defined by a second boundary plane and a second zone inner boundary plane, the second planar zone including a portion of the first binder fibers, the first effect fibers, and the second binder fibers;
a first skin at the first boundary plane, the first skin comprising the first binder fibers;
a second skin at the second boundary plane, the second skin comprising the second binder fibers;
wherein concentrations of said first binder fibers in said first planar zone being greater than concentrations of the first binder fibers in said second planar zone, and the concentration of the first binder fibers decreases in a gradient from the first boundary plane to the first zone inner boundary plane;
wherein concentrations of said second binder fibers being greater in said second planar zone than the concentration of the second binder fibers in second planar zone, and the concentration of the second binder fibers decreases in a gradient from the second boundary plane to the second zone inner boundary plane; and,
wherein the non-woven composite has a density of between about 0.03 and 0.5 gcm3.
2. The non-woven composite of claim 1, wherein the non-woven material further comprises second effect fibers.
3. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising
a first adhesive layer on the first boundary plane of the first planar zone, and
a first stiffening non-woven layer on the first adhesive layer on the side opposite the first boundary plane,
4. The non-woven composite of claim 3, further comprising
a second adhesive layer on the first stiffening non-woven layer on the side opposite the first adhesive layer, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the first stiffening layer.
5. The non-woven composite of claim 3, further comprising
a second adhesive layer on the second boundary plane of the second planar zone, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the second boundary plane.
6. The non-woven composite of claim 3, further comprising
a second adhesive layer on the second boundary plane of the second planar zone, and
a second stiffening non-woven layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the second boundary plane.
7. The non-woven composite of claim 6, further comprising
a third adhesive layer on the second stiffening non-woven layer on the side opposite the second adhesive layer, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the third adhesive layer on the side opposite the second stiffening layer.
8. The non-woven composite of claim 6, further comprising
a third adhesive layer on the first stiffening non-woven layer on the side opposite the first adhesive layer, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the third adhesive layer on the side opposite the first stiffening layer.
9. The non-woven composite of claim 7, further comprising
a forth adhesive layer on the first stiffening non-woven layer on the side opposite the first adhesive layer, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the forth adhesive layer on the side opposite the first stiffening layer.
10. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising
a first adhesive layer on the second boundary plane of the second planar zone, and
a first stiffening non-woven layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the second boundary plane.
11. The non-woven composite of claim 10, further comprising
a second adhesive layer on the first boundary plane of the first planar zone, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the first boundary plane.
12. The non-woven composite of claim 10, further comprising
a second adhesive layer on the first stiffening non-woven layer on the side opposite the first adhesive layer, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the first stiffening layer.
13. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising
a first adhesive layer on the first boundary plane of the first planar zone, and
a knit or woven layer on the first adhesive layer on the side opposite the first boundary plane.
14. The non-woven composite of claim 13, further comprising
a second adhesive layer on the second boundary plane of the second planar zone, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the second adhesive layer on the side opposite the second boundary plane.
15. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising
a first adhesive layer on the second boundary plane of the second planar zone, and
a knit or woven fabric layer on the first adhesive layer on the side opposite the second boundary plane.
16. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising a first stiffening non-woven layer on the first boundary plane.
17. The non-woven composite of claim 16, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the first stiffening layer on the side opposite the first boundary plane.
18. The non-woven composite of claim 16, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the second boundary plane.
19. The non-woven composite of claim 16, further comprising a second stiffening non-woven layer on the second boundary plane.
20. The non-woven composite of claim 19, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the second stiffening layer on the side opposite the second boundary plane.
21. The non-woven composite of claim 19, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the first stiffening layer on the side opposite the first boundary plane.
22. The non-woven composite of claim 20, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the first stiffening layer on the side opposite the first boundary plane.
23. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising a first stiffening non-woven layer on the second boundary plane.
24. The non-woven composite of claim 23, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the first boundary plane.
25. The non-woven composite of claim 23, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the first stiffening layer on the side opposite to the second boundary plane.
26. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising a knit or woven layer on the first adhesive layer on the first boundary plane.
27. The non-woven composite of claim 26, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the second boundary plane.
28. The non-woven composite of claim 1, further comprising a knit or woven fabric layer on the second boundary plane.
29. The non-woven composite of claim 1, wherein the non-woven composite has a density of between about 0.05 and 0.4 gcm3.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A dual-action system for controlling arthropod populations, the arthropod being characterized by a plant-feeding immature stage and a semiochemical-affected adult stage, the system comprising:
a polymeric or wax substrate selected from the group consisting of a wax emulsion, microspheres, a latex solution, hot melt glue, a resin, and plastic flakes;
disparlure intermixed within the substrate, wherein the disparlure is present in the system in a range between about 0.03% by weight to about 3.0% by weight and
spinosad intermixed within the substrate, wherein spinosad is present in the system in an amount of about 0.4% by weight.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the polymeric substrate is a wax emulsion.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the wax emulsion is comprised of a wax carrier selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax, carnauba wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, fruit wax, lanolin, shellac wax, bayberry wax, sugar cane wax, microcrystalline wax, ozocerite, ceresin, montan wax, and combinations thereof.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the wax emulsion comprises:
30% by weight paraffin wax;
4% by weight soy oil;
2% by weight sorbitan monostearate
1% by weight vitamin E; and
58% by weight distilled water.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the wax emulsion comprises:
45% by weight microcrystalline wax;
6% by weight soy oil;
3% by weight sorbitan monostearate;
1% by weight vitamin E; and
40% by weight distilled water.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the disparlure and the spinosad are dissolved within the wax emulsion.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the substrate is hot melt glue.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the hot melt glue is comprised of a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, a polyamide, or a polyester.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein disparlure is present in an amount of about 1.5% by weight.
10. The system of claim 1 further comprising a second semiochemical intermixed within the substrate, the second semiochemical being an attractant or phagostimulant to an immature stage arthropod.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the arthropod is an insect.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the insect is a lepidopteran.
13. A method for controlling the population of an arthropod in a region, the arthropod being characterized by a plant-feeding immature stage and a semiochemical-affected adult stage, the method comprising:
administering a system to a forest canopy of the region, the system being comprised of: a polymeric or wax substrate selected from the group consisting of a wax emulsion, microspheres, a latex solution, hot melt glue, a resin, and plastic flakes;
disparlure intermixed within the substrate, wherein the disparlure is present in the system in a range between about 0.03% by weight to about 3.0% by weight; and
spinosad intermixed within the substrate, wherein spinosad is present in the system in an amount of about 0.4% by weight.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the system is administered by either aerial spray equipment mounted on fixed-wing aircraft or rotorcraft or by a terrestrial-based spraying system.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the system is administered such that each hectare of the region is administered 15 g disparlure and 4 g spinosad.
16. A method of preparing a dispersible system for use in controlling the population of arthropods, the method comprising: providing a polymeric or wax substrate selected from the group consisting of a wax emulsion, microspheres, a latex solution, hot melt glue, a resin, and plastic flakes;
adding disparlure to the substrate, wherein the disparlure is present in the system in a range between about 0.03% by weight to about 3.0% by weight;
and adding spinosad to the substrate, wherein spinosad is present in the system in an amount of about 0.4% by weight .
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the polymeric substrate comprises a wax emulsion, the wax emulsion being formed by the following steps:
melting a wax;
adding to the melted wax, an oil, an emulsifier, a preservative, and water heated above the melting temperature of the wax to form the wax emulsion; and
cooling the wax emulsion.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the wax is either paraffin wax or microcrystalline wax, the oil is soy oil, the emulsifier is sorbitan monostearate and the preservative is vitamin E.

1. A field emission backlight unit, comprising:
a lower substrate;
first electrodes and second electrodes alternately formed in parallel lines on the lower substrate;
emitters disposed on at least the first electrodes of the first and second electrodes;
an upper substrate spaced apart from the lower substrate by a predetermined distance such that the upper substrate and the lower substrate face each other;
a third electrode formed on a bottom surface of the upper substrate; and
a fluorescent layer formed on the third electrode.
2. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the emitters comprise carbon nanotube emitters.
3. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes include indium tin oxide electrode layers formed on the lower substrate.
4. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes include indium tin oxide electrode layers formed on the lower substrate and thin metal layers formed on the indium tin oxide electrode layers.
5. The backlight unit of claim 4, wherein the thin metal layers are made of chrome.
6. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the emitters are disposed on only the first electrodes such that the first electrodes serve as cathodes, the second electrodes serve as gate electrodes, and the third electrode serves as an anode.
7. The backlight unit of claim 6, wherein the emitters are disposed at predetermined intervals along both edges of the first electrodes.
8. The backlight unit of claim 7, wherein a plurality of emitter grooves are formed along both edges of the first electrodes, and the emitters are formed in the plurality of emitter grooves.
9. The backlight unit of claim 7, wherein the emitters are formed on top surfaces of the first electrodes.
10. The backlight unit of claim 1, wherein the emitters are disposed on both the first electrodes and the second electrodes such that the first electrodes and the second electrodes serve as cathodes and gate electrodes alternately, and the third electrode serves as an anode.
11. The backlight unit of claim 10, wherein the emitters are disposed at predetermined intervals along both edges of both the first electrodes and the second electrodes.
12. The backlight unit of claim 11, wherein the emitters disposed on the first electrodes and the emitters disposed on the second electrodes are arranged by turns.
13. The backlight unit of claim 11, wherein a plurality of emitter grooves are formed along both edges of both the first electrodes and the second electrodes, and the emitters are formed in the plurality of emitter grooves.
14. The backlight unit of claim 11, wherein the emitters are formed on top surfaces of both the first electrodes and the second electrodes.
15. A method of driving a triode-type field emission backlight unit which includes a lower panel on which first electrodes, second electrodes and emitters disposed on both the first electrodes and the second electrodes are formed, and an upper panel on which a third electrode is formed, the method comprising the steps of:
applying a cathode voltage to the first electrodes, a gate voltage to the second electrodes, and an anode voltage to the third electrode so as to emit electrons from the emitters disposed on the first electrodes;
applying a gate voltage to the first electrodes, a cathode voltage to the second electrodes, and an anode voltage to the third electrode so as to emit electrons from the emitters disposed on the second electrodes; and
repeating the above steps.
16. A method of manufacturing a lower panel of a field emission backlight unit, the method comprising the steps of:
forming a conductive material layer on a transparent substrate;
patterning the conductive material layer in parallel lines to form alternating first electrodes and second electrodes;
forming a plurality of emitter grooves at predetermined intervals along both edges of at least the first electrodes;
coating a photoresist material layer on the substrate on which the first electrodes and the second electrodes are formed;
patterning the photoresist material layer to expose the emitter grooves;
coating a carbon nanotube paste on the photoresist material layer and in the emitter grooves;
selectively exposing the carbon nanotube paste to form carbon nanotube emitters in the emitter grooves; and
stripping the photoresist material layer and removing unexposed portions of the carbon nanotube paste.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of forming the conductive material layer comprises:
forming an indium tin oxide electrode layer on the transparent substrate; and
forming a thin metal layer on the indium tin oxide electrode layer.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of forming the plurality of emitter grooves comprises forming the emitter grooves along both edges of both the first electrodes and the second electrodes.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of patterning the conductive material layer in parallel lines to form alternating first and second electrodes comprises:
coating a photoresist material layer on the conductive material layer;
patterning the photoresist material layer using a photolithography process;
etching the conductive material layer using the patterned photoresist material layer as an etching mask; and
stripping the photoresist material layer.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of coating the carbon nanotube paste comprises coating the carbon nanotube paste using a screen printing method.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of selectively exposing the carbon nanotube paste to form carbon nanotube emitters comprises exposing the carbon nanotube paste from a rear surface of the substrate.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A brake hydraulic pressure control system for vehicle comprising:
a brake operation element;
an operation amount detecting unit for detecting an operation amount of the brake operation element;
an electric motor that is driven, based on the operation amount detected by the operation amount detecting unit;
a piston that operates forward and backward, accompanying rotation of the electric motor; wherein the displacement amount of the piston is controlled by the electric motor in order to perform holding control, based on a reference brake pressure that is necessary for maintaining a stop state of the vehicle,
a wheel cylinder for braking wheels by a brake hydraulic pressure corresponding to a displacement amount of the forward and backward operation of the piston;
an offset pressure setting unit for setting an offset pressure;
a holding-control start reference pressure setting unit for setting a holding control start reference pressure, based on a reference brake pressure; and
a holding-control required fluid pressure setting unit for setting a holding control required fluid pressure serving as a target fluid pressure after starting the holding control;
wherein if a physical amount correlating with a rotational speed of the electric motor has become greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the holding control start reference pressure serving as a threshold value for starting the holding control is set higher than the reference brake pressure, and
wherein the offset pressure setting unit sets the offset pressure, corresponding to the physical amount correlating with the rotational speed of the electric motor, and
wherein the holding control start reference pressure is set to a magnitude obtained by adding the offset pressure to the reference brake pressure, and
wherein if the holding control start reference pressure is higher than the reference brake pressure when the driver required fluid pressure has become lower than the holding control start reference pressure, the holding-control required fluid pressure setting unit sets the holding control required fluid pressure to a value higher than the reference brake pressure.
2. The brake hydraulic pressure control system for vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the larger the amount of change per the predetermined time in the driver required fluid pressure is, the higher value the offset pressure is set to.
3. The brake hydraulic pressure control system for vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the holding-control required fluid pressure setting unit sets the driver required fluid pressure at the time when the driver required fluid pressure has become lower than the holding control start reference pressure, such that the driver required fluid pressure has a gradient gradually decreasing down to a value that is equal to the holding control start reference pressure at the time.
4. The brake hydraulic pressure control system for vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the holding-control required fluid pressure setting unit is arranged such that the higher the offset pressure, the longer a time until the value of the holding control required fluid pressure having been set higher than the reference brake pressure returns to a value equal to the reference brake pressure.
5. The brake hydraulic pressure control system for vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: an inclination detecting unit for detecting an inclination of the vehicle with respect to a frontrear direction, wherein the reference brake pressure is set, based on an inclination amount detected by the inclination detecting unit.