Author: claimsbot

1. A method of operating a network analyzer, comprising:
applying a stimulus signal on at least one port of said network analyzer for provision to a device under test (DUT) within a test fixture coupled to said network analyzer;
generating measurement data from said DUT in response to said stimulus signal on at least one port of said network analyzer; and
generating an amplitude response of said DUT across a frequency range, wherein a port extension module of said network analyzer automatically applies loss compensation to said amplitude response in a manner that is non-linearly related to frequency according to at least one controllable parameter.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said port extension calculates loss compensation values using the formula:
a\xb7f12+b\xb7f,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said port extension further calculates said loss compensation values by adding a DC loss value to said formula.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said port extension calculates loss compensation values using the formula:
a\xb7fb,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein parameters a and b are controllable.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said port extension further calculates said loss compensation values by adding a DC loss value to said formula.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said port extension module calculates a first loss compensation value associated with a first port to which said stimulus signal is applied and a second loss compensation value associated with a second port on which measurements are made.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving, by the network analyzer, input from the user to modify said controllable parameter.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
repeating said applying, generating measurement data, and generating an amplitude response in response to said modified controllable parameter during real-time operation of said network analyzer.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving, by the network analyzer, input from the user to cause said network analyzer to automatically calibrate said controllable parameter.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said controllable parameter is automatically modified by said network analyzer in response to a user modifying a delay value associated with said port extension module.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said controllable parameter is calculated by multiplying a loss parameter by a delay value associated with said port extension module.
13. A method of calibrating a network analyzer, comprising:
applying a stimulus signal on a port of said network analyzer for provision to a test fixture coupled to said network analyzer;
generating measurement data from said test fixture in response to said stimulus signal on said port of said network analyzer;
generating an amplitude response of said test fixture across a frequency range;
applying, by a port extension calibration module of said network analyzer, a parameter fitting algorithm to said amplitude response using a function of frequency characterized by a plurality of parameters; and
configuring a port extension module to apply loss compensation to measurements associated with said port on a non-linear frequency dependent basis according to said function and said plurality of parameters determined by said fitting algorithm.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said function is given by:
a\xb7f12+b\xb7f,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said fitting algorithm is a polynomial fitting algorithm.
16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
calculating a DC loss value for addition to said function, wherein said configuring adjusts said port extension module to apply loss compensation using said DC loss value.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said calculating a DC loss value includes determining an offset to prevent a loss compensated amplitude response of said test fixture from being greater than one.
18. The method of claim 13 wherein said function is given by:
a\xb7fb,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said fitting algorithm is a line fitting algorithm.
20. The method of claim 18 further comprising:
calculating a DC loss value for addition to said function, wherein said configuring adjusts said port extension module to apply loss compensation using said DC loss value.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said calculating a DC loss value includes determining an offset to prevent a loss compensated amplitude response of said test fixture from being greater than one.
22. The method of claim 13 wherein said measurement data is obtained using an open standard.
23. The method of claim 13 wherein said measurement data is obtained using a short standard.
24. The method of claim 13 wherein said measurement data is an average of measurement data obtained using a short standard and an open standard.
25. A method of calibrating a network analyzer, comprising:
applying a stimulus signal on a port of said network analyzer for provision to a test fixture coupled to said network analyzer;
generating measurement data from said test fixture in response to said stimulus signal on said port of said network analyzer;
generating an amplitude response of said test fixture across a frequency range;
applying, by a port extension calibration module of said network analyzer, at least one loss value to a first function to derive a parameter at least partially characterizing said amplitude response of test fixture; and
configuring a port extension module to apply loss compensation to measurements associated with said port on a non-linear frequency dependent basis according to a second function that is a function of frequency and is at least partially characterized by at least said parameter.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said second function is given by:
a\xb7f12+b\xb7f,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein parameters a and b are determined by the following equations:
a=(L1f2\u2212L2f1)(f2f112\u2212f1f212), and
b=(L1f212\u2212L2f112)(f1f212\u2212f2f112),
wherein L1 and L2 are loss values and f1 and f2 are frequencies corresponding to said loss values.
28. The method of claim 26 further comprising:
calculating a DC loss value for addition to said second function, wherein said configuring adjusts said port extension module to apply loss compensation using said DC loss value.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein said calculating a DC loss value includes determining an offset to prevent a loss compensated amplitude response of said test fixture from being greater than one.
30. The method of claim 25 wherein said second function is given by:
a\xb7fb,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein parameters a and b are determined by the following equations:
a=exp{(ln(f2)ln(L1)\u2212ln(f1)ln(L2))(ln(f2)\u2212ln(f1)}, and
b=ln(L1L2)ln(f1f2),
wherein L1 and L2 are loss values and f1 and f2 are frequencies corresponding to said loss values.
32. The method of claim 30 further comprising:
calculating a DC loss value for addition to said second function, wherein said configuring adjusts said port extension module to apply loss compensation using said DC loss value.
33. The method of claim 32 wherein said calculating a DC loss value includes determining an offset to prevent a loss compensated amplitude response of said test fixture from being greater than one.
34. The method of claim 25 wherein said measurement data is obtained using an open standard.
35. The method of claim 25 wherein said measurement data is obtained using a short standard.
36. The method of claim 25 wherein said measurement data is an average of measurement data obtained using a short standard and an open standard.
37. A network analyzer, comprising:
a plurality of ports for application of stimulus signals to a device under test (DUT) and for measuring signals from said DUT;
signal processing logic for performing spectral analysis of measurements made on said plurality of ports, wherein said signal processing logic applies port extension loss compensation to amplitude data generated by said spectral analysis;
logic for processing reflection measurement data, during a calibration mode of said network analyzer, to generate estimates of loss associated with a test fixture; and
logic for adjusting port extension settings in response to said logic for processing.
38. The network analyzer of claim 37 wherein said signal processing logic evaluates a function is given by:
a\xb7f12+b\xb7f,
wherein a and b are said parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
39. The network analyzer of claim 37 wherein said logic for processing applies a polynomial fitting algorithm.
40. The method of claim 38 further comprising:
calculating a DC loss value for addition to said function for said port extension loss compensation.
41. The method of claim 40 wherein said calculating a DC loss value includes determining an offset to prevent a loss compensated amplitude response of said test fixture from being greater than one.
42. The network analyzer of claim 37 wherein said signal processing logic evaluates a function is given by:
a\xb7fb,
wherein a and b are parameters and f is a variable representing frequency.
43. The network analyzer of claim 42 wherein said logic for processing applies a line fitting algorithm.
44. The method of claim 42 further comprising:
calculating a DC loss value for addition to said function for said port extension loss compensation.
45. The method of claim 44 wherein said calculating a DC loss value includes determining an offset to prevent a loss compensated amplitude response of said test fixture from being greater than one.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. An aberration compensating apparatus for compensating an aberration occurring in a light beam, said light beam being applied to a recording medium and reflected by said recording medium through an optical path of an optical system, comprising:
a liquid crystal unit including a first electrode layer having a plurality of divisional electrodes electrically separated from each other in the same plane and a second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal element provided between said first and second electrode layer which provides a light beam passing therethrough with a phase change when an electric field is applied;
a detector for receiving the reflected light beam through said liquid crystal unit to generate a detection signal;
a voltage generator for generating voltages to be applied to each of the plurality of divisional electrodes; and
a controller for performing compensation control for said aberration by changing the applied voltages to each of the divisional electrodes with reference to an applied reference voltage to a predetermined divisional electrode of said first electrode layer,
wherein said controller determines the applied reference voltage based on an amplitude change of said detection signal when the applied voltage to each of the plurality of the divisional electrodes are changed.
2. An aberration compensating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said controller selectively performs one of a first compensation mode in which voltages higher than a first reference voltage to be applied to said predetermined divisional electrode are applied to other divisional electrodes; and a second compensation mode in which voltages lower than a second reference voltage to be applied to said predetermined divisional electrode are applied to other divisional electrodes, wherein said second reference voltage is higher than said first reference voltage.
3. An aberration compensating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said second reference voltage does not exceed a maximum applied voltage in said first compensation mode.
4. An aberration compensating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said controller performs said first compensation mode when amplitude of said detection signal is increased when a voltage higher than the applied voltage to said predetermined divisional electrode is applied to at least one of other divisional electrodes.
5. An aberration compensating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said controller performs said first compensation mode when amplitude of said detection signal is increased when a voltage higher than the applied voltage to said predetermined divisional electrode is applied to at least one of other divisional electrodes.
6. A method of compensating an aberration occurring in a light beam, said light beam being applied to a recording medium and reflected by said recording medium through an optical path of an optical system, comprising:
providing a liquid crystal unit including a first electrode layer having a plurality of divisional electrodes electrically separated from each other in the same plane and a second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal element provided between said first and second electrode layers which provides a light beam passing therethrough with a phase change when an electric field is applied;
receiving the reflected light beam through said liquid crystal unit to generate a detection signal;
generating voltages to be applied to each of the plurality of divisional electrodes; and
performing compensation control for said aberration by changing the applied voltages to each of the divisional electrodes with reference to an applied reference voltage to a predetermined divisional electrode of said first electrode layer,
wherein the step of performing compensation control determines the applied reference voltage based on an amplitude change of said detection signal when the applied voltage to each of the plurality of the divisional electrodes are changed.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the step of performing compensation control selectively performs one of a first compensation mode in which voltages higher than a first reference voltage to be applied to said predetermined divisional electrode are applied to other divisional electrodes; and a second compensation mode in which voltages lower than a second reference voltage to be applied to said predetermined divisional electrode are applied to other divisional electrodes, wherein said second reference voltage is higher than said first reference voltage.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said second reference voltage does not exceed a maximum applied voltage in said first compensation mode.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the step of performing compensation control performs said first compensation mode when amplitude of said detection signal is increased when a voltage higher than the applied voltage to said predetermined divisional electrode is applied to at least one of other divisional electrodes.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the step of performing compensation control performs said first compensation mode when amplitude of said detection signal is increased when a voltage higher than the applied voltage to said predetermined divisional electrode is applied to at least one of other divisional electrodes.

What is claimed is:

1. An image forming method comprising jetting a pigment ink onto the ink jet recording medium comprising a support, and provided thereon, an ink receptive layer comprising thermoplastic resinous particles farthest from the support, by means of an ink jet method, applying heat and pressure simultaneously to the ink jet recording medium having the jetted ink.
2. The image forming method of claim 1 wherein the ink jet recording medium comprises a pigment ink solvent absorptive layer adjacent to said ink receptive layer.
3. The image forming method of claim 2 wherein the pigment ink comprises a dispersing agent and a solvent.
4. The image forming method of claim 1, wherein the heat and pressure are applied employing a heating roller.
5. The image forming method of claim 4, wherein the heat and pressure are applied employing heating roller comprising a metallic cylinder and a silicone rubber roller.
6. The image forming method of claim 5, wherein the metallic cylinder contains a heating source inside of the metallic cylinder.
7. The image forming method of claim 5, wherein a nip width, formed by pressure between said metallic cylinder and said silicone rubber roller, is from 1 to 20 mm.
8. The image forming method of claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the ink jet recording medium is from 50 to 150 C.
9. The image forming method of claim 4, wherein the linear pressure resulted by said heating roller is from 500 to 3,000 Nm.
10. The image forming method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resinous layer comprises a silicone emulsion in an amount of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight in terms of solid, or a water-soluble silicone compound in an amount of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, with respect to the thermoplastic resinous particles.
11. The image forming method of claim 1 wherein the glass transition point, Tg, of said thermoplastic resinous layer is higher than the temperature at which said thermoplastic resinous particles are coated and dried during the production of said ink jet recording material, and is lower than the temperature at which said support is subjected to thermal modification due to said heating.
12. The image forming method of claim 2 wherein the void volume of the ink receiving layer and the pigment ink solvent-absorbing layer is from 20 to 40 mlm2.
13. The image forming method of claim 7 wherein the linear pressure resulted by said heating roller is from 500 to 3,000 Nm.
14. The image forming method of claim 13, wherein the heating temperature of the ink jet recording medium is from 50 to 150 C.
15. The image forming method of claim 4 wherein the glass transition point, Tg, of said thermoplastic resinous layer is higher than temperature at which said thermoplastic resinous particles are coated and dried during the production of said ink jet recording material, and is lower than the temperature at which said support is subjected to thermal modification due to said heating.
16. The image forming method of claim 15 wherein the void volume of the ink receiving layer and the pigment ink solvent-absorbing layer is from 20 to 40 mlm2.
17. The image forming method of claim 10 wherein the void volume of the ink receiving layer and the pigment ink solvent-absorbing layer is from 20 to 40 mlm2.
18. The image forming method of claim 17, wherein the heat and pressure is applied employing a heating roller and a silicon rubber roller, a nip width, formed by pressure between said metallic cylinder and said silicone rubber roller, is from 1 to 20 mm, the heating temperature of the ink jet recording medium is from 50 to 150 C., and the linear pressure resulted by said heating roller is from 500 to 3,000 Nm.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A loop antenna having an electromagnetic wave shield over at least one side of the loop antenna, the electromagnetic wave shield comprising:
a plurality of electric conductors;
a ground contact, grounding the plurality of electric conductors; and
a lead wire, connecting the plurality of electric conductors to the ground contact; wherein:
the plurality of electric conductors are electrically connected via the lead wire to the ground contact and arranged so that the paths of the respective electric conductors from any of their given points to the ground contact via the lead wire are determined uniformly, and
a sheet of magnetic material is disposed at one side of the loop antenna and the electromagnetic wave shield is disposed at the other side of the loop antenna.
2. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of electric conductors, the ground contact and the lead wire of the electromagnetic wave shield are provided on a support plate.
3. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of electric conductors of the electromagnetic wave shield are covered with insulating material.
4. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of electric conductors of the electromagnetic wave shield are comb-shaped, reticulated or latticed.
5. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave shield is envelop-shaped.
6. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave shield is multi-layered.
7. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of electric conductors of the electromagnetic wave shield are so disposed as to wrap up the loop antenna.
8. A loop antenna having an electromagnetic wave shield over at least one side of the loop antenna, the electromagnetic wave shield comprising:
a plurality of electric conductors;
a ground contact, grounding the plurality of electric conductors; and
a lead wire, connecting the plurality of electric conductors to the ground contact, wherein:
the plurality of electric conductors are electrically connected via the lead wire to the ground contact and arranged so that the paths of the respective electric conductors from any of their given points to the ground contact via the lead wire are determined uniformly,
a sheet of magnetic material is disposed at the back of the loop antenna facing the electromagnetic wave shield, and
a side wall in a standing condition on the loop antenna side is provided to the sheet of magnetic material.
9. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 8, wherein a metal plate is disposed at the back of the sheet of magnetic material.
10. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein a side wall in a standing condition on the loop antenna side is provided to the metal plate.
11. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 10, wherein a plurality of through-holes are provided in the metal plate.
12. The loop antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ground contact of the electromagnetic wave shield is connected to the ground of the loop antenna.
13. A contactless IC card readwrite apparatus comprising the loop antenna as claimed in claim 1 for supplying electric power and transmitting data to a contactless IC card by electromagnetic induction and receiving data from the contactless IC card through load changes, and a readwrite apparatus connected to the loop antenna.
14. A contactless IC card readwrite apparatus comprising a loop antenna, having an electromagnetic wave shield over at least one side of the loop antenna, for supplying electric power and transmitting data to a contactless IC card by electromagnetic induction and receiving data from the contactless IC card through load changes and a readwrite apparatus connected to the loop antenna, the electromagnetic wave shield comprising:
a plurality of electric conductors;
a ground contact, grounding the plurality of electric conductors; and
a lead wire, connecting the plurality of electric conductors to the ground contact; wherein:
the plurality of electric conductors are electrically connected via the lead wire to the ground contact and arranged so that the paths of the respective electric conductors from any of their given points to the ground contact via the lead wire are determined uniformly, and
the readwrite apparatus is disposed within the opening of the loop antenna and housed in a casing.
15. The contactless IC card readwrite apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the readwrite apparatus and the loop antenna are disposed next to each other and housed in a casing.