Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. A compound of Formula I:
25
wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein B is an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system of five ring members with two ring members being nitrogen atoms, wherein said ring system may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B to the backbone of the structure of Formula I may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system of B and wherein any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the said heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, phenylalkyl and naphthylalkyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and naphthylalkyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R4 is selected from
26
wherein V is selected from hydrido, alkyl, benzyl and phenyl; wherein each of R8 and R9 is a radical independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl and phenyl; wherein R6 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and alkenyl; wherein p is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; wherein q is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
2. Compound of claim 1 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein B is an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system of five ring members with two ring members being nitrogen atoms, wherein said ring system may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B to the backbone of the structure of Formula I may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system of B and wherein any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the said heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl, phenylmethyl and naphthylmethyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylmethyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
27
wherein V is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R6 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and phenylmethyl, either one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
3. Compound of claim 2 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein B is a heterocyclic ring system selected from imidazole and benzimidazole, and wherein any of said heterocyclic ring systems may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system and where any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the nitrogen atom ring member of B may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl, phenylmethyl and naphthylmethyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylmethyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
28
wherein V is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R6 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and phenylmethyl, either one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
4. Compound of claim 3 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein B is a heterocyclic ring system selected from the group consisting of:
29
wherein said B group is attached to the backbone of the structure of Formula I through the bond on each B group bisected by the wavy line, and wherein any substitutable position may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the nitrogen atom ring member of B may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from phenylmethyl and wherein the cyclic portion of said phenylmethyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
30
wherein V is selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein. R6 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R7 is selected from isobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclopropylmethyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
5. Compound of claim 4 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein R2 is phenylmethyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is hydrido; wherein R4 is selected from
31
wherein V is selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R6 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R7 is selected from isobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclopropylmethyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
6. Compound of claim 5 which is
32
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
7. Compound of claim 5 which is
33
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
8. Compound of claim 5 which is
34
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
9. Compound of claim 5 which is
35
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
10. Compound of claim 5 which is
36
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
11. Compound of claim 5 selected from compounds, their tautomers, and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, of the group consisting of
37
38
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a renin-inhibiting compound and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, said renin-inhibiting compound selected from a family of compounds of Formula I:
39
wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein B is an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system of five ring members with two ring members being nitrogen atoms, wherein said ring system may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B to the backbone of the structure of Formula I may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system of B and wherein any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the said heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, phenylalkyl and naphthylalkyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and naphthylalkyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R4 is selected from
40
wherein V is selected from hydrido, alkyl, benzyl and phenyl; wherein each of R8 and R9 is a radical independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl and phenyl; wherein R6 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and alkenyl; wherein p is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; wherein q is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
13. The composition of claim 12 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein B is an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system of five ring members with two ring members being nitrogen atoms, wherein said ring system may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B to the backbone of the structure of Formula I may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system of B and wherein any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the said heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl, phenylmethyl and naphthylmethyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylmethyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
41
wherein V is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R6 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and phenylmethyl, either one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein B is a heterocyclic ring system selected from imidazole and benzimidazole, and wherein any of said heterocyclic ring systems may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system and where any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the nitrogen atom ring member of B may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl, phenylmethyl and naphthylmethyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylmethyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
42
wherein V is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R6 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and phenylmethyl, either one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
15. The composition of claim 14 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein B is a heterocyclic ring system selected from the group consisting of:
43
wherein said B group is attached to the backbone of the structure of Formula I through the bond on each B group bisected by the wavy line, and wherein any substitutable position may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the nitrogen atom ring member of B may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from phenylmethyl and wherein the cyclic portion of said phenylmethyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
44
wherein V is selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R6 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R7 is selected from isobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclopropylmethyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein R2 is phenylmethyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is hydrido; wherein R4 is selected from
45
wherein V is selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R6 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R7 is selected from isobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclopropylmethyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
17. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is
46
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
18. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is
47
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
19. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is
48
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
20. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is
49
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
21. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is
50
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
22. The composition of claim 16 wherein said renin-inhibiting compound is selected from compounds, their tautomers, and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, of the group consisting of
51
52
23. A therapeutic method for treating a circulatory-related disorder, said method comprising administering to a subject susceptible to or afflicted with such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I:
53
wherein A is selected from Co and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein B is an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system of five ring members with two ring members being nitrogen atoms, wherein said ring system may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B to the backbone of the structure of Formula I may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system of B and wherein any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the said heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, phenylalkyl and naphthylalkyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and naphthylalkyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R4 is selected from
54
wherein V is selected from hydrido, alkyl, benzyl and phenyl; wherein each of R8 and R9 is a radical independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl and phenyl; wherein R6 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and phenylalkyl, any one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and alkenyl; wherein p is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; wherein q is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein B is an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system of five ring members with two ring members being nitrogen atoms, wherein said ring system may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B to the backbone of the structure of Formula I may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system of B and wherein any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the said heterocyclic ring nitrogen atom may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl, phenylmethyl and naphthylmethyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylmethyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
55
wherein V is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R6 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and phenylmethyl, either one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein x is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein B is a heterocyclic ring system selected from imidazole and benzimidazole, and wherein any of said heterocyclic ring systems may be fused to a benzene or cyclohexane ring, wherein the point of attachment of B may be through a bond to any substitutable position on said heterocyclic ring system and where any substitutable position of B may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the nitrogen atom ring member of B may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl, phenylmethyl and naphthylmethyl, and wherein the cyclic portion of any of said phenylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and naphthylmethyl groups may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
56
wherein V is selected from hydrido and alkyl; wherein R6 is selected from cyclohexylmethyl and phenylmethyl, either one of which may be substituted with one or more groups selected from alkyl, hydroxy and alkoxy; wherein R7 is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through five, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein B is a heterocyclic ring system selected from the group consisting of:
57
wherein said B group is attached to the backbone of the structure of Formula I through the bond on each B group bisected by the wavy line, and wherein any substitutable position may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano and phenyl, and wherein the nitrogen atom ring member of B may be combined with oxygen to form an N-oxide; wherein R2 is selected from phenylmethyl and wherein the cyclic portion of said phenylmethyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy and alkyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R4 is selected from
58
wherein V is selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R6 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R7 is selected from isobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclopropylmethyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein A is selected from CO and SO2; wherein X is selected from oxygen atom and methylene; wherein R1 is selected from hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and n-propyl; wherein R2 is phenylmethyl; wherein each of R3 and R5 is hydrido; wherein R4 is selected from
59
wherein V is selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R6 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R7 is selected from isobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclopropylmethyl; wherein q is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; and wherein n is a number selected from zero through three, inclusive; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is
60
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is
61
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is
62
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
31. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is
63
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
32. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is
64
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
33. The method of claim 27 wherein said compound is selected from compounds, their tautomers, and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, of the group consisting of
65
66
34. The method of claim 23 wherein said circulatory-related disorder is a cardiovascular disorder.
35. The method of claim 34 wherein said cardiovascular disorder is hypertension.
36. The method of claim 34 wherein said cardiovascular disorder is congestive heart failure.
37. The method of claim 23 wherein said circulatory-related disorder is glaucoma.
38. The method of claim 23 wherein said circulatory-related disorder is renal failure.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of covering, preventing debris and insects from entering, minimizing heat transfer, and stabilizing a cup filled with a liquid beverage material, said method comprising the steps of:
selecting an empty cup, which cup comprises a cup mouth with an inner diameter of about two and seven-eighth inches;
selecting a round cup cover, which cup cover comprises:
a hard, smooth plastic material configured to:
minimize dirt accumulation on said cup cover;
maximize cleanability; and
be sufficiently sturdy to be handled and to minimize breaking or deforming of said cup cover during handling and during use;

a color on the top of said cup cover configured to reflect heat away from said cup cover;
a color on the bottom of said cup cover configured to reflect heat back toward the contents of said cup;
a weight about one and one-tenth ounces, which corresponds to a proportion to the weight of said cup and to the weight of a liquid beverage material, and configured to substantially minimize instability of the cup with liquid beverage material and minimize spilling of liquid beverage material from the cup;
a diameter of about three and five-eighth inches;
a lip portion comprising:
an outer diameter of about three and five-eighth inches; and
a thickness of about one-eighth of an inch;

a protruding portion comprising:
a diameter of about two and one-half inches being concentric with said outer diameter of said lip portion;
said diameter being substantially greater than the radius of said cup and substantially but leaving a gap between said protruding portion and at least one area of the periphery of said cup mouth; and
a height, protruding from said lip portion, of about three-eighths of an inch;

a hollow portion comprising:
a diameter of about two and one-fourth inches being concentric with said outer diameter of said lip portion and said diameter of said protruding portion; and
a depth of about seven-sixteenths of an inch;
filling said empty cup at least partially with a liquid beverage material;
placing said cup cover on top of said at least partially filled cup, such that said protruding portion fits extends into said cup mouth of said at least partially cup;
covering said cup mouth with said lip portion of said cup cover such that said lip portion extends beyond the outer diameter of said at least partially filled cup and thus minimizing insects and debris from entering said at least partially filled cup;
minimizing instability of said at least partially filled cup with said cup cover disposed on said at least partially filled cup;
insulating said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup with said cup cover;
inadvertently moving said at least partially filled cup such that said cup cover moves within a predetermined distance of three-eighths of an inch on top of said at least partially filled cup, which predetermined distance is a gap being sufficiently large to minimize instability of said at least partially filled cup;
minimizing spilling of liquid beverage material from said at least partially filled cup with said cup cover by the impact of said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup;
picking up said at least partially filled cup;
removing said cup cover from said at least partially filled cup;
drinking from said at least partially filled cup;
replacing said cup cover on said at least partially filled cup;
removing said cup cover from said cup;
opening a beverage can, which beverage can comprises a lip portion and a can mouth;
placing said cup cover on said opened beverage can such that said hollow portion of said cup cover fits over said lip portion and said can mouth of said opened beverage can;
minimizing insects and debris from entering said opened beverage can;
minimizing instability of said opened beverage can with said cup cover disposed on said beverage can;
insulating said liquid beverage material in said beverage can with said cup cover;
inadvertently moving said beverage can such that said cup cover rocks on top of said beverage can and minimizing instability of said beverage can;
minimizing spilling of liquid beverage material from said beverage can with said cup cover by the impact of said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup;
picking up said beverage can;
removing said cup cover from said beverage can; and
drinking from said beverage can.
2. A method of covering, preventing debris and insects from entering, minimizing heat transfer, and stabilizing a cup filled with a liquid beverage material, said method comprising the steps of:
selecting an empty cup, which cup comprises a cup mouth with an inner diameter and a radius;
selecting a round cup cover, which cup cover comprises:
a protruding portion, which protruding portion comprises a diameter in the range of about seventy percent of the radius of the cup mouth to about ninety percent of the radius of the cup mouth;
a hollow portion corresponding to said protruding portion; and
a lip portion surrounding said protruding portion and said hollow portion;

filling said empty cup at least partially with a liquid beverage material;
placing said cup cover on top of said at least partially filled cup, such that said protruding portion extends into said cup mouth of said at least partially cup;
covering said cup mouth with said lip portion of said cup cover such that said lip portion extends beyond said cup mouth of said at least partially filled cup and thus minimizing insects and debris from entering said at least partially filled cup;
minimizing instability of said at least partially filled cup with said cup cover disposed on said at least partially filled cup;
insulating said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup with said cup cover;
inadvertently moving said at least partially filled cup such that said cup cover moves within a predetermined distance on top of said at least partially filled cup, which predetermined distance is a gap being sufficiently large to minimize instability of said at least partially filled cup;
minimizing spilling of liquid beverage material from said at least partially filled cup with said cup cover by the impact of said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup;
picking up said at least partially filled cup;
removing said cup cover from said at least partially filled cup;
drinking from said at least partially filled cup; and
replacing said cup cover on said at least partially filled cup.
3. A beverage container cover configured to be used in a method of covering a beverage container, preventing debris and insects from entering a beverage container, minimizing heat transfer, and stabilizing a beverage container filled with a liquid beverage material, said beverage container cover comprising:
a round shape;
a material configured to:
minimize dirt accumulation on said beverage container cover;
maximize cleanability; and
be sufficiently sturdy to be handled and to minimize breaking or deforming of said beverage container cover during handling and during use;

a color on the top of said beverage container cover configured to reflect heat away from said beverage container cover;
a color on the bottom of said beverage container cover configured to reflect heat back toward the contents of said cup;
a weight about one and one-tenth ounces, which corresponds to a proportion to the weight of a beverage container and to the weight of a liquid beverage material, and configured to substantially minimize instability of the beverage container with liquid beverage material and minimize spilling of liquid beverage material from the beverage container;
a diameter of about three and five-eighth inches;
a lip portion comprising:
an outer diameter of about three and five-eighth inches; and
a thickness of about one-eighth of an inch;

a protruding portion comprising:
a diameter of about two and one-half inches being concentric with said outer diameter of said lip portion;
said diameter being substantially greater than the radius of a beverage container and substantially but leaving a gap between said protruding portion and at least one area of the periphery of a mouth of a beverage container; and
a height, protruding from said lip portion, of about three-eighths of an inch;

a hollow portion comprising:
a diameter of about two and one-fourth inches being concentric with said outer diameter of said lip portion and said diameter of said protruding portion; and
a depth of about seven-sixteenths of an inch;

said method comprising the steps of:
selecting an empty cup, which cup comprises a mouth with an inner diameter of about two and seven-eighth inches;
selecting said beverage container cover;
filling said empty cup at least partially with a liquid beverage material;
placing said beverage container cover on top of said at least partially filled cup, such that said protruding portion fits extends into said cup mouth of said at least partially cup;
covering said cup mouth with said lip portion of said beverage container cover such that said lip portion extends beyond the outer diameter of said at least partially filled cup and thus minimizing insects and debris from entering said at least partially filled cup;
minimizing instability of said at least partially filled cup with said beverage container cover disposed on said at least partially filled cup;
insulating said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup with said beverage container cover;
inadvertently moving said at least partially filled cup such that said beverage container cover moves within a predetermined distance of three-eighths of an inch on top of said at least partially filled cup, which predetermined distance is a gap being sufficiently large to minimize instability of said at least partially filled cup;
minimizing spilling of liquid beverage material from said at least partially filled cup with said beverage container cover by the impact of said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup;
picking up said at least partially filled cup;
removing said beverage container cover from said at least partially filled cup;
drinking from said at least partially filled cup;
replacing said beverage container cover on said at least partially filled cup;
removing said beverage container cover from said cup;
opening a beverage can, which beverage can comprises a lip portion and a can mouth;
placing said beverage container cover on said opened beverage can such that said hollow portion of said beverage container cover fits over said lip portion and said can mouth of said opened beverage can;
minimizing insects and debris from entering said opened beverage can;
minimizing instability of said opened beverage can with said beverage container cover disposed on said beverage can;
insulating said liquid beverage material in said beverage can with said beverage container cover;
inadvertently moving said beverage can such that said beverage container cover rocks on top of said beverage can and minimizing instability of said beverage can;
minimizing spilling of liquid beverage material from said beverage can with said beverage container cover by the impact of said liquid beverage material in said at least partially filled cup;
picking up said beverage can;
removing said beverage container cover from said beverage can; and
drinking from said beverage can.

1. An edge-light type surface light source device, comprising:
a light guide section; and
a plurality of light sources each of which emits light via a side surface of the light guide section toward the light guide section,
the plurality of light sources being provided on a pair of sides of the light guide section which pair of sides face each other,
a longest one of light emitting parts of the respective plurality of light sources having a length shorter than lengths of the respective pair of sides of the light guide section on which the plurality of light sources are provided,
the plurality of light sources being each configured to emit light having a first luminance gradient on an edge of a range, to be irradiated with light, which first luminance gradient is smaller than a second luminance gradient of light having a substantially uniform luminance on an entire range to be irradiated with light,
wherein L+(N\u22121)y\u221a(\u03bb2\u22121)\u2267x is satisfied, where
(i) \u03bb indicates a refractive index of the light guide section,
(ii) x indicates a length of each of the pair of sides of the light guide section,
(iii) y indicates a length of a side of the light guide section, the side being neither one of the pair of sides of the light guide section,
(iv) L indicates a sum total of the lengths of the respective plurality of light sources which are provided on the pair of sides each having the length x, and
(v) N indicates the number of the plurality of light sources which are provided on the pair of sides each having the length x.
2. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the plurality of light sources is provided to extend along a corresponding one of sides of the light guide section; and
light emitted from at least one of end parts of the at least one of the plurality of light sources has a luminance smaller than a luminance of light emitted from a center part of the at least one of the plurality of light sources.
3. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 2, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources includes three or more point light sources.
4. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources is provided such that a point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the at least one of end parts has a luminance smaller than a luminance of a point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the center part.
5. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein:
the at least one of the plurality of light sources includes, as the three or more point light sources, a plurality of point light sources in each of (i) the at least one of the end parts and (ii) the center part; and
the plurality of point light sources which are provided in the at least one of the end parts is more sparsely provided as compared with the plurality of point light sources which are provided in the center part.
6. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources is configured such that an electric current which drives a point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the at least one of the end parts is smaller than an electric current which drives a point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the center part.
7. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein:
the at least one of the plurality of light sources includes, as the three or more point light sources, a plurality of point light sources in each of (i) the at least one of the end parts and (ii) the center part; and
the number of columns of the plurality of point light sources which are provided in the at least one of the end parts is larger than the number of columns of the plurality of point light sources which are provided in the center part.
8. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources is configured such that (i) the three or more point light sources are each driven by use of a pulse width modulation and (ii) an electric current which drives a point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the at least one of the end parts has a duty ratio smaller than a duty ratio of an electric current which drives a point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the center part.
9. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the plurality of light sources is provided to extend along a corresponding one of sides of the light guide section; and
light emitted from at least one of end parts of the at least one of the plurality of light sources has a distribution characteristic which is different from a distribution characteristic of light emitted from a reference light source, which is a light source that emits light having a substantially uniform luminance on an entire range to be irradiated with light.
10. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 9, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources includes three or more point light sources.
11. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 10, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources is configured such that a direction of at least one point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the at least one of the end parts differs from a direction of at least one point light source which is provided in at least one of end parts of the reference light source.
12. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 10, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources is configured such that at least one of point light source of the three or more point light sources which is provided in the at least one of the end parts is provided in a height which is different from a height in which at least one point light source which is provided in at least one of end parts the reference light source is provided.
13. An edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 9, further comprising a light reflecting section which reflects light emitted from the at least one of the end parts.
14. An edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 9, further comprising a light absorption section which absorbs light emitted from the at least one of the end parts.
15. An edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 9, further comprising a light diffusion section which diffuses light emitted from the at least one of the end parts.
16. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein the at least one of the plurality of light sources is configured such that the three or more point light sources are provided on a substrate by use of a connecting system in which a solder is employed.
17. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 3, wherein the three or more point light sources are light emitting diodes.
18. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 17, wherein the light emitting diodes are white light emitting diodes.
19. An edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 17, further comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes which are different from each other in luminescent color.
20. The edge-light type surface light source device as set forth in claim 1, wherein on an entire surface, to be irradiated with light, of the light guide section, (i) a luminance distribution caused by light emitted from one of the plurality of light sources and (ii) a luminance distribution caused by light emitted from another one of the plurality of light sources have a relation in which their phases are opposite to each other.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for mounting an electrical lamp using a mounting bracket, the mounting bracket including a first opening, a second opening and a mounting face, said method comprising the steps of:
inserting the electrical lamp at least partly though the mounting bracket; positioning the mounting bracket first opening adjacent a first surface such that the first
surface is in close proximity to the first opening; and securing the mounting face to a structure.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said step of inserting the electrical lamp comprises the steps of:
inserting the electrical lamp at least partly through the mounting bracket first opening; and
inserting the electrical lamp at least partly through the mounting bracket second opening.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said step of positioning the mounting bracket first opening further comprises the step of positioning the mounting bracket such that the mounting bracket first opening is a distance from the first surface that is less than about three-quarters of a length of the lamp.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein said step of positioning the mounting bracket first opening comprises the step of positioning the first opening at a distance from the first surface that facilitates preventing the electrical lamp from being removed from the mounting bracket.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the electric lamp is connected to a lamp holder, said step of inserting the electrical lamp further comprises the step of engaging the lamp holder to the mounting bracket.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said step of securing the mounting face to a structure further comprises the step of fastening the mounting face to the structure with at least one fastener.
7. A mounting bracket for an electrical lamp, said mounting bracket comprising:
a mounting face;
a first wall extending from said mounting face, said first wall defining a first opening comprising a first opening diameter; and
a second wall extending from said mounting face, said second wall defining a second opening comprising a second opening diameter, said second opening diameter smaller than said first opening diameter.
8. A mounting bracket in accordance with claim 7 wherein the lamp has a first end, a second end and a length extending therebetween, said first wall and said second wall substantially parallel and spaced apart a distance less than approximately three-quarters the length of the lamp.
9. A mounting bracket in accordance with claim 7 wherein said mounting face comprises at least one opening.
10. A mounting bracket in accordance with claim 9 wherein said openings comprise a plurality of slots for receiving fasteners.
11. A lamp assembly comprising:
an electric lamp having a first end, a second end, a length extending therebetween, at least a first outer diameter and at least a second outer diameter, each said first outer diameter smaller than each said second outer diameter; and
a mounting bracket comprising a mounting face, a first wall, and a second wall, said first wall extending from said mounting face and defining a first opening comprising a first opening diameter, said second wall extending from said mounting face and defining a second opening comprising a second opening diameter, said second opening diameter smaller than said lamp second outer diameter, said electric lamp extending at least partly through said second opening such that said lamp second outer diameter is adjacent said first wall.
12. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 11 wherein said mounting bracket first wall and said mounting bracket second wall are spaced apart and substantially parallel.
13. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 12 wherein said mounting bracket first wall and said mounting bracket second wall are spaced apart a distance less than about three-quarters said lamp length.
14. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 11 wherein said mounting bracket first opening and said mounting bracket second opening are concentrically aligned.
15. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 11 wherein said mounting face comprises at least one opening configured to receive a fastener therethrough.
16. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 15 wherein said mounting face comprises a plurality of opening extending therethrough.
17. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 16 wherein said mounting face openings comprise a plurality of slots for receiving fasteners therethrough.
18. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 11 further comprising a lamp holder, said lamp holder attached to said lamp and received within said mounting bracket first opening.
19. A lamp assembly in accordance with claim 18 wherein said lamp holder configured to secure said electric lamp such that said lamp is substantially stationary relative to said mounting bracket.
20. A lamp assembly secured to a structure, said lamp assembly comprising:
an electric lamp having a first end, a second end, a length extending therebetween, at least one lamp first outer diameter, and at least one lamp second outer diameter each said lamp first outer diameter smaller than each said lamp second outer diameter; and
a mounting bracket comprising
a mounting face comprising a plurality of openings for receiving fasteners therethrough,
a first wall extending from said mounting face and defining a first opening comprising a first opening diameter, and
a second wall extending from said mounting face and defining a second opening concentrically aligned with said first opening, said second opening comprising a second opening diameter, said second opening diameter smaller than said first opening diameter, said second opening diameter smaller than each said lamp second outer diameter, said first wall and said second wall substantially parallel and spaced apart a distance less than about three-quarters said lamp length, said electric lamp extending at least partly through said second opening, said lamp second outer diameter adjacent said first wall, said first wall being less than about three-quarters said lamp length from a first surface, said mounting face secured to a structure.