Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. A cooling plate comprising:
a plate member made of a copper material having a fine-grained structure possessing an average particle size of less than 10 mm, the plate member having integrated coolant channels, wherein the thickness of the plate member is reduced by machining the final cross-sections of the coolant channels.
2. The cooling plate as recited in claim 1, wherein the particle size is less than 5 mm and is preferably between 0.005 mm and 2 mm.
3. The cooling plate as recited in claim 1, wherein the final cross-sections of the coolant channels are oval.
4. The cooling plate as recited in one of claim 1, wherein a first side of the plate member has grooves for accommodating fireproof material.
5. A method for manufacturing a cooling plate having a plate member, comprising the steps of:
initially providing a raw ingot made of a copper material, the raw ingot having a starting thickness greater than a final thickness of the plate member;
reducing the starting thickness of the raw ingot to the final thickness of the plate member, using at least one forming step; and
producing coolant channels in one of the raw ingot and the plate member prior to attaining the final thickness.
6. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the coolant channels have circular cross-sections prior to the reducing step, the coolant channels are deformed in response to the thickness of the plate member being reduced to the final thickness, so that the coolant channels have oval cross-sections.
7. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the step of reducing the starting thickness of a raw ingot is accomplished by cold rolling; the step of producing channels having circular cross-sections is subsequent to the rolling, the channels having a circular cross-section; and the step of reducing continues to reduce the ingot to the final thickness of the plate member, while the channels are deformed into coolant channels having oval cross-sections.
8. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the channels having circular cross-sections are mechanically drilled into one of the raw ingot and the plate member, using deep-hole drilling.
9. The method as recited in claim 5, wherein the channels are cast into the raw ingot.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for displaying an acquired signal on an oscilloscope, comprising the steps of:
acquiring an analog signal;
digitizing the analog signal;
determining a plurality of samples generated by the digitizing step representing samples at different times that are to be represented by a same vertical pixel column on a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the determined plurality of samples; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in the vertical pixel column based upon the generated values of the histogram.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified display characteristic is color.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
defining a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of colors to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned colors.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified display characteristic is grey scale.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
defining a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of grey scale values to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned grey scale values.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
determining a discontinuity in the histogram values; and
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
determining a striping effect in the histogram values; and
removing the striping effect by changing the values in histogram bins to generate a smooth curve.
8. A method for determining display characteristics for a digital data signal, comprising the steps of:
assigning one or more digital data values of the digital data signal representing samples at different times to be represented by a single vertical pixel column on a display;
generating a histogram of the digital data values; and
assigning different characteristics to at least two histogram values.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the characteristics are color.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
defining a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of colors to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned colors.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the characteristics are grey scale values.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of:
defining a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of grey scale values to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned grey scale values.
13. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
determining a discontinuity in the histogram values; and
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity.
14. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
determining a striping effect in the histogram values; and
removing the striping effect by changing the values in histogram bins to generate a smooth curve.
15. A method for displaying an acquired signal on an oscilloscope, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the acquired data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column;
determining a discontinuity in histogram values between histograms associated with adjacent pixel columns;
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the discontinuity is determined by comparing a minimum signal value represented by a first histogram to a maximum signal value represented by a second histogram to be displayed in adjacent vertical pixel columns.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein a discontinuity is present when it is determined that the minimum signal value represented by the first histogram is larger than the maximum signal value represented by the second histogram.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the histogram bins are filled in by determining a midpoint between signal values at each end of the discontinuity, and filling in bins for each histogram from the signal value of that histogram at one end of the discontinuity up to the midpoint.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the value filled into the histogram bins is one.
20. A method for displaying an acquired signal on an oscilloscope, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the acquired data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column;
determining a discontinuity in histogram values of a histogram associated with a single vertical pixel column;
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the value filled into the histogram bins is one.
22. A computer program for controlling a multi-purpose computer, the computer program including instructions for:
receiving an input data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the input data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by a same vertical pixel column on a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the determined plurality of samples; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in the vertical pixel column based upon the generated values of the histogram.
23. A computer program for controlling a multi-purpose computer, the computer program including instructions for:
receiving an input data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the input data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column;
determining a discontinuity in histogram values between histograms associated with adjacent pixel columns;
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
24. A computer program for controlling a multi-purpose computer, the computer program including instructions for:
receiving an input data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the input data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column;
determining a discontinuity in histogram values of a histogram associated with a single vertical pixel column;
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
25. A computer program for controlling an oscilloscope, the computer program including instructions for:
receiving an input data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the input data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by a same vertical pixel column on a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the determined plurality of samples; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in the vertical pixel column based upon the generated values of the histogram.
26. A computer program for controlling an oscilloscope, the computer program including instructions for:
receiving an input data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the input data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column;
determining a discontinuity in histogram values between histograms associated with adjacent pixel columns;
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
27. A computer program for controlling an oscilloscope, the computer program including instructions for:
receiving an input data signal;
determining a plurality of samples of the input data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display;
generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column;
determining a discontinuity in histogram values of a histogram associated with a single vertical pixel column;
removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity; and
modifying a display characteristic of information displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
28. An oscilloscope, comprising:
an acquisition module for acquiring an analog signal;
one or more analog to digital converters for digitizing the analog signal; and
a processor for determining a plurality of samples generated by the digitizing step representing samples at different times that are to be represented by a same vertical pixel column on a display, for generating a histogram of the values of the determined plurality of samples, and for modifying a display characteristic of information to be displayed in the vertical pixel column based upon the generated values of the histogram.
29. The oscilloscope of claim 28, wherein the modified display characteristic is color.
30. The oscilloscope of claim 29, wherein the processor further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of colors to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
further comprising a display for displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned colors.
31. The oscilloscope of claim 28, wherein the modified display characteristic is grey scale.
32. The oscilloscope of claim 31, wherein the processor further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of grey scale values to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
further comprising a display for displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned grey scale values.
33. The oscilloscope of claim 28, wherein the processor further determines a discontinuity in the histogram values and removes the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity.
34. The oscilloscope of claim 28, wherein the processor further determines a striping effect in the histogram values and removes the striping effect by changing the values in histogram bins to generate a smooth curve.
35. An apparatus for displaying a digital data signal, comprising:
a processor for assigning one or more digital data values of the digital data signal representing samples at different times to be represented by a single vertical pixel column on a display, generating a histogram of the digital data values and assigning different display characteristics to at least two histogram values.
36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the characteristics are color.
37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the processor further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of colors to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
further comprising a display for displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned colors.
38. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the characteristics are grey scale values.
39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the processor further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of grey scale values to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
further comprising a display for displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned grey scale values.
40. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the processor further determines a discontinuity in the histogram values and removes the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity.
41. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the processor further determines a striping effect in the histogram values and removes the striping effect by changing the values in histogram bins to generate a smooth curve.
42. An oscilloscope, comprising:
an acquisition board for acquiring a data signal; and
a processor for determining a plurality of samples of the acquired data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display, generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column, determining a discontinuity in histogram values between histograms associated with adjacent pixel columns, removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity, and modifying a display characteristic of information to be displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns of a display based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
43. The oscilloscope of claim 42, wherein the processor determines the discontinuity by comparing a minimum signal value represented by a first histogram to a maximum signal value represented by a second histogram to be displayed in adjacent vertical pixel columns.
44. The oscilloscope of claim 43, wherein a discontinuity is present when it is determined by the processor that the minimum signal value represented by the first histogram is larger than the maximum signal value represented by the second histogram.
45. The oscilloscope of claim 44, wherein the histogram bins are filled in by determining a midpoint between signal values at each end of the discontinuity, and filling in bins for each histogram from the signal value of that histogram at one end of the discontinuity up to the midpoint.
46. The oscilloscope of claim 42, wherein the value filled into the histogram bins is one.
47. The oscilloscope of claim 42, further comprising a display for displaying the information including the modified display characteristic.
48. An oscilloscope, comprising:
an acquisition module for acquiring a data signal, and
a processor for determining a plurality of samples of the acquired data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display, generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column, determining a discontinuity in histogram values of a histogram associated with a single vertical pixel column, removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity, and modifying a display characteristic of information to be displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns of a display based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
49. The oscilloscope of claim 48, wherein the value filled into the histogram bins is one.
50. The oscilloscope of claim 48, further comprising a display for displaying the information including the modified display characteristic.
51. An oscilloscope, comprising:
acquisition means for acquiring an analog signal;
one or more analog to digital conversion means for digitizing the analog signal; and
processing means for determining a plurality of samples of the digitized analog signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by a same vertical pixel column on a display, for generating a histogram of the values of the determined plurality of samples, and for modifying a display characteristic of information to be displayed in the vertical pixel column based upon the generated values of the histogram.
52. The oscilloscope of claim 51, wherein the modified display characteristic is color.
53. The oscilloscope of claim 52, wherein the processing means further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of colors to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
further comprising display means for displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned colors.
54. The oscilloscope of claim 51, wherein the modified display characteristic is grey scale.
55. The oscilloscope of claim 54, wherein the processing means further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of grey scale values to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values; and
further comprising display means for displaying the information in the vertical pixel column in accordance with the assigned grey scale values.
56. The oscilloscope of claim 51, wherein the processing means further determines a discontinuity in the histogram values and removes the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity.
57. The oscilloscope of claim 51, wherein the processing means further determines a striping effect in the histogram values and removes the striping effect by changing the values in histogram bins to generate a smooth curve.
58. An apparatus for displaying a digital data signal, comprising:
processing means for assigning one or more digital data values of the digital data signal representing samples at different times to be represented by a single vertical pixel column on a display, generating a histogram of the digital data values and assigning different display characteristics to at least two histogram values; and
display means for displaying the digital data values including the assigned different display characteristics.
59. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the characteristics are color.
60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the processing means further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of colors to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values.
61. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the characteristics are grey scale values.
62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the processing means further defines a saturation control for assigning each of a plurality of grey scale values to one or more of a plurality of corresponding histogram values.
63. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the processing means further determines a discontinuity in the histogram values and removes the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity.
64. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the processing means further determines a striping effect in the histogram values and removes the striping effect by changing the values in histogram bins to generate a smooth curve.
65. An oscilloscope, comprising:
acquisition means for acquiring a data signal; and
processing means for determining a plurality of samples of the acquired data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display, generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column, determining a discontinuity in histogram values between histograms associated with adjacent pixel columns, removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity, and modifying a display characteristic of information to be displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns of a display based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
66. The oscilloscope of claim 64, wherein the processing means determines the discontinuity by comparing a minimum signal value represented by a first histogram to a maximum signal value represented by a second histogram to be displayed in adjacent vertical pixel columns.
67. The oscilloscope of claim 65, wherein a discontinuity is present when it is determined by the processing means that the minimum signal value represented by the first histogram is larger than the maximum signal value represented by the second histogram.
68. The oscilloscope of claim 66, wherein the histogram bins are filled in by determining a midpoint between signal values at each end of the discontinuity, and filling in bins for each histogram from the signal value of that histogram at one end of the discontinuity up to the midpoint.
69. The oscilloscope of claim 64, wherein the value filled into the histogram bins is one.
70. The oscilloscope of claim 64, further comprising display means for displaying the information including the modified display characteristic.
71. An oscilloscope, comprising:
acquisition means for acquiring a data signal, and
processing means for determining a plurality of samples of the acquired data signal representing samples at different times that are to be represented by each of a plurality of vertical pixel columns of a display, generating a histogram of the values of the samples for each vertical pixel column, determining a discontinuity in histogram values of a histogram associated with a single vertical pixel column, removing the discontinuity by filling in histogram bins with a value for the bins corresponding to the discontinuity, and modifying a display characteristic of information to be displayed in one or more of the vertical pixel columns of a display based upon values in the histogram corresponding to each vertical pixel column.
72. The oscilloscope of claim 70, wherein the value filled into the histogram bins is one.
73. The oscilloscope of claim 70, further comprising a display for displaying the information including the modified display characteristic.

1. An electrical coaxial connector comprising;
a signal-joining contacting conductor having a body portion provided to be electrically connected with a signal-joining conductor of a mating coaxial connector and a signal-joining terminal portion extending from the body portion,
a grounding contacting conductor having an annular portion placed around the body portion of the signal joining contacting conductor to be electrically connected with a grounding conductor of the mating coaxial connector and a grounding terminal portion extending from the annular portion, and
an insulating base member in which each of the signal-joining terminal portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor and the grounding terminal portion of the grounding contacting conductor is partially buried and which supports the signal joining contacting conductor and the grounding contacting conductor to be isolated from each other,
wherein the body portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor is formed into a cylindrical shape and provided with a slit extending to surround an imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion,
wherein the body portion of the signal joining contacting conductor is further provided with a base part and an engaging part which are opposite to each other with the slit between the base part and the engaging part and connected with each other by a connecting part of the body portion at which the slit is not formed,
wherein the base part of the body portion is partially buried in the insulating base member, and
wherein the engaging part of the body portion constitutes a resilient annular part with at least one break for engaging resiliently with the signal joining conductor of the mating connector.
2. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein the signal-joining terminal portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor is configured to extend from the base part of the body portion of the signal joining contacting conductor.
3. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part of the body portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor has an oval cross-section on a plane perpendicular to the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion.
4. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part of the body portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor is provided on the inside surface thereof with a plurality of contact points for coming into contact with the signal-joining conductor of the mating coaxial connector.
5. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein the engaging part of the body portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor has first and second curved arms extending respectively in opposite directions to surround the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion, and a free end of the first curved arm and a free end of the second curved arm are opposite to come close to each other, so that the break on the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part is formed between the free end of the first curved arm and the free end of the second curved arm.
6. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 5, wherein the free end of the first curved arm and the free end of the second curved arm coming close to each other are positioned to be opposite to the connecting part of the body portion with the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion between each of the free ends of the first and second curved arms and the connecting part of the body portion.
7. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein the connecting part of the body portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor is configured to have first and second connecting parts separated from each other in a direction surrounding the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion; the engaging part of the body portion is configured to have first and second curved arms extending from the first connecting part respectively in opposite directions to surround the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion and third and fourth curved arms extending from the second connecting part respectively in opposite directions to surround the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion; a free end of the first curved arm and a free end of the third curved arm are opposite to come close to each other, so that the break on the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part is formed between the free end of the first curved arm and the free end of the third curved arm; and a free end of the second curved arm and a free end of the fourth curved arm are opposite to come close to each other, so that the break on the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part is formed between the free end of the second curved arm and the free end of the fourth curved arm.
8. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 7, wherein the first and second connecting parts are positioned to be opposite to each other with the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion between the first and second connecting parts.
9. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 8, wherein the free ends of the first and third curved arms coming close to each other and the free ends of the second and fourth curved arms coming close to each other are positioned to be opposite to each other with the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion between each of the free ends of the first and third curved arms and each of the free ends of the second and fourth curved arms.
10. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein the connecting part of the body portion of the signal-joining contacting conductor is configured to have first and second connecting parts separated from each other in a direction surrounding the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion; the engaging part of the body portion is configured to have a first curved arm extending from the first connecting part to surround the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion and a second curved arm extending from the second connecting part to surround the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion; a free end of the first curved arm is opposite to the second connecting part for coming close to the second connecting part, so that the break on the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part is formed between the free end of the first curved arm and the second connecting part; and a free end of the second curved arm is opposite to the first connecting part for coming close to the first connecting part, so that the break on the resilient annular part constituted with the engaging part is formed between the free end of the second curved arm and the first connecting part.
11. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 10, wherein the first and second connecting parts are positioned to be opposite to each other with the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion between the first and second connecting parts.
12. An electrical coaxial connector according to claim 11, wherein the free ends of the first and second curved arms are positioned to be opposite to each other with the imaginary central axis of the cylindrical shape of the body portion between the free ends of the first and second curved arms.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
a tobacco column and
a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column and having a base permeability, the wrapper comprising:
an untreated area and
a least one discrete area treated with a
a permeability reducing substance;
a burn rate retarding substance; and
a burn rate accelerating substance,

wherein the at least one discrete area has a lower permeability than the base permeability of the wrapper.
2. The smoking article of claim 1 further comprising a filter element.
3. A wrapper for a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity, the wrapper having a base permeability and comprising:
at least one untreated area and
at least one discrete area treated with a
a permeability reducing substance,
a burn rate retarding substance and
a burn rate accelerating substance,

wherein the at least one discrete area has a lower permeability than the base permeability of the wrapper.
4. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein at least one of said burn rate retarding substance and said burn rate accelerating substance is further an organoleptic enhancing substance that substantially reduces any difference in a smoker’s experience between the smoking of said at least one discrete treated area and said at least one untreated area during smoking of the smoking article.
5. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein a consistency of the combination of the permeability reducing substance, the burn rate retarding substance and the burn rate accelerating substance is such as to be applicable to the wrapper.
6. The wrapper according to claim 5 wherein a consistency of the combination of the permeability reducing substance, the burn rate retarding substance and the burn rate accelerating substance is such as to be applicable to the wet wrapper.
7. The wrapper according to claim 5 wherein a consistency of the combination of the permeability reducing substance, the burn rate retarding substance and the burn rate accelerating substance is such as to be applicable to the dry wrapper.
8. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein said burn rate accelerating substance is salt.
9. The wrapper according to claim 8 wherein said salt is one of an alkali metal containing compound and an alkaline-earth metal containing compound.
10. The wrapper according to claim 9 wherein said one of an alkali metal containing compound and an alkaline-earth metal containing compound is a salt of a carboxylic acid.
11. The wrapper according to claim 10 wherein said salt of a carboxylic acid is a salt of at least one of acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and succinic acid.
12. The wrapper according to claim 10 wherein said salt of a carboxylic acid is a salt of citric acid.
13. The wrapper according to claim 9 wherein said alkali metal containing compound is a sodium containing compound.
14. The wrapper according to claim 9 wherein said alkali metal containing compound is a potassium containing compound.
15. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein the burn rate retarding substance is a phosphate.
16. The wrapper according to claim 15 wherein said phosphate is a phosphate of ammonium.
17. The wrapper according to claim 16 wherein said phosphate of ammonium is diammonium phosphate.
18. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein said permeability reducing substance is a pore filling substance thereby reducing permeability of the at least one discrete treated area.
19. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein said permeability reducing substance is a film forming substance thereby reducing permeability of said at least one discrete treated area.
20. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein said permeability reducing substance is a polymer.
21. The wrapper according to claim 20 wherein said polymer is a polysaccharide.
22. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein the polysaccharide is water soluble.
23. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein the polysaccharide is water dispersible.
24. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein said polysaccharide is at least one of starch, modified starch and a starch derivative.
25. The wrapper according to claim 24 wherein the polysaccharide is water soluble.
26. The wrapper according to claim 24 wherein the polysaccharide is water dispersible.
27. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein the polysaccharide is at least one of cellulose and a cellulose derivative.
28. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein to the polysaccharide is at least one of chitosan and a chitosan derivative.
29. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein the polysaccharide is at least one of chitin and a chitin derivative.
30. The wrapper according to claim 21 wherein the polysaccharide is at least one of alginate and an alginate derivative.
31. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein the discretely treated area comprises a circumferential band.
32. The wrapper according to claim 31 wherein the circumferential band has a sufficient width so as to deprive the coal of the burning tobacco firecone of oxygen from behind a char line of the wrapper.
33. The wrapper according to claim 31 wherein the circumferential band has a width of at least about 3 millimeters.
34. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein the at least one discrete treated area comprises at least two bands spaced sufficiently to reduce the ignition propensity of the smoking article.
35. The wrapper according to claim 34 wherein the at least two circumferential bands have widths and are spaced apart so that a widthcenter-to-center spacing ratio is between about 110 and about 11.
36. The wrapper according to claim 34 wherein the at least two circumferential bands have widths between about 3 millimeters and about 10 millimeters.
37. The wrapper according to claim 34 wherein the at least two circumferential bands have a center-to-center spacing of about 10 millimeters to about 30 millimeters.
38. The wrapper according to claim 3 that has properties that enable a bobbin of wrapper to be useable in a conventional commercially available cigarette manufacturing machine.
39. The wrapper according to claim 3 wherein the at least one discrete area is visually substantially the same as the untreated area.
40. A method for making a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
forming a paper having a base permeability;
treating a plurality of discrete areas of the paper with a permeability reducing substance, a burn rate retarding substance and a burn accelerating substance;
forming the paper into a wrapper for a smoking article; and
surrounding a tobacco column having a proximal end and a distal end with at least a portion of the wrapper so that at least one discretely treated area substantially surrounds the tobacco column between the ends or the wrapper-surrounding tobacco column so that as a coal of burning tobacco firecone advances by said at least one discrete treated area, the smoking article self-extinguishes if placed on a surface.
41. A method for making a wrapper for a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
forming a paper having a base permeability;
treating a plurality of discrete areas of the paper with a permeability reducing substance, a burn rate retarding substance and a burn rate accelerating substance, wherein at least one of said burn rate retarding substance and said burn rate accelerating substance is further an organoleptic enhancing substance that substantially reduces any difference in a smoker’s experience between the smoking of said differently treated areas and untreated areas; and
forming the paper into a wrapper for a smoking article.
42. A method for making a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
forming a paper having a base permeability;
treating a plurality of discrete areas of the paper with a permeability reducing substance, a burn rate reducing substance and a burn rate accelerating substance;
forming the paper into a wrapper for a smoking article;
surrounding a tobacco column having a proximal end and a distal end with at least a portion of the wrapper so that at least one discrete treated area is between the ends of the wrapper-surrounded tobacco column so that as a coal of a burning tobacco firecone advances by said at least one discrete treated area, the smoking article self-extinguishes if placed on a surface; and
adding a filter element to at least one end of the wrapper-surrounded tobacco column, wherein at least one of said burn rate retarding substance and said burn rate accelerating substance is further an organoleptic enhancing substance that substantially reduced any difference in a smoker’s experience between the smoking of said at least one treated area and said untreated area during smoking of the smoking article.
43. A smoking article comprising:
a tobacco column,
a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column and having at least one circumferential band comprising starch, diammonium phosphate and a burn rate accelerating substance comprising a salt of citric acid.
44. The smoking article according to claim 43 wherein the at least one circumferential band is made of an applied ink of about 14 to about 27% starch, up to about 11% burn rate accelerating substance comprising at least one alkali metal citrate salt and up to about 5% diammonium phosphate.
45. The smoking article according to claim 43 wherein the band is made of an ink of about 18 to about 24% starch, about 2 to about 9% burn rate accelerating substance comprising at least one alkali metal citrate salt, and about 1% diammonium phosphate.
46. The smoking article according to claim 43 wherein the wrapper has at least one untreated area having a permeability of between about 18 CORESTA units and about 71 CORESTA units.
47. The smoking article according to claim 43, wherein the band is made of an ink of about 20 to about 22% starch, about 5 to about 9% burn rate accelerating substance comprising at least one alkali metal citrate salt, and about 1% diammonium phosphate.
48. The smoking article according to claim 43, wherein the bend is made of an ink of about 14 to about 27% starch, up to about 11% burn rate accelerating substance comprising at least one alkali metal citrate salt selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate and potassium citrate, said up to about 5% diammonium phosphate.
49. A smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
(a) a tobacco column;
(b) a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column and having a base permeability, the wrapper comprising:
(1) at least one untreated area being substantially free of a permeability reducing substance and a burn rare retarding substance and
(2) at least one discrete area comprising a circumferential band treated with a permeability reducing substance, a burn rate retarding substance and a burn rate accelerating substance, and having a lower permeability than the base permeability of the wrapper.
50. A smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
(a) a tobacco column;
(b) a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column and having a base permeability, the wrapper comprising:
(1) at least one untreated area having a porosity of at least 17 CORESTA units and
(2) at least one discrete area treated with a permeability reducing substance, a burn rate retarding substance and a burn rate accelerating substance, and having a lower porosity than the porosity of the at least one untreated area of the wrapper.
51. The smoking article according to claim 50, wherein the porosity of the at least one discrete area is less than about 6 CORESTA units.
52. The smoking article according to claim 50, wherein the porosity of the at least one discrete area is between about 3 CORESTA units and 6 CORESTA units.
53. A smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
(a) a tobacco column forming a tobacco firecone when the smoking article is ignited;
(b) a wrapper surrounding the tobacco column and having a base permeability, the wrapper comprising:
(1) at least one untreated area being substantially free of any permeability reducing substance and burn rate retarding substance and having a combustion characteristic such that as a coal of burning tobacco firecone advances along the wrapper portion the smoking article with freeburn; and
(2) at least one discrete area comprising a circumferential band treated with a permeability reducing substance, a burn rate retarding substance and a burn rate accelerating substance, and having combustion characteristic such that as a coal of the burning firecone advances along the discrete area the smoking article will self-extinguish if it placed on a substrate and will freeburn if it is freely suspended.
54. A smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
(a) a tobacco column;
(b) a swapper surrounding the tobacco column and having a base permeability, the wrapper comprising:
(1) at least one untreated area being substantially free of a permeability reducing substance and a burn rate retarding substance and
(2) at least one discrete area treated with
(i) at leant one polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of starch, modified starch, cellulose, chitosan, chitin, alginate and derivatives thereof;
(ii) at least one phosphate selected from the group consisting of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; and
(iii) at least one burn rate accelerating substance selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate and potassium citrate.
55. A method for making a wrapper for a smoking article having reduced ignition propensity comprising:
(a) treating discrete areas of a paper having a base permeability with a composition comprising permeability reducing substance, a burn rate retarding substance and a burn rate accelerating substance and
(b) forming the paper into a wrapper for a smoking article.
56. The method according to claim 55 wherein, the composition composes starch, diammonium phosphate and a salt of citric acid.
57. The method according to claim 56, wherein the composition comprises about 14 to about 27% starch, up to about 11% alkali metal citrate salt and up to about 5% diammonium phosphate.
58. The method according to claim 56, wherein the composition comprises about 18 to about 24% starch, about 2 to about 9% alkali metal citrate salt and about 1% diammonium phosphate.
59. The method according to claim 56, wherein the composition comprises about 20 to about 22% starch, about 5 to about 9% alkali metal citrate salt and about 1% diammonium phosphate.
60. The method according to claim 56, wherein the composition comprises about 14 to about 27% starch, up to about 11% alkali metal citrate salt comprising at least one species selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate and potassium citrate, and up to about 5% diammonium phosphate.