1. A 2-dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imaging camera systems, where said phantom comprises: a stable fluorescent material wherein the stable fluorescence material comprises: a semiconductor material; quantum dots; or a combination thereof; and a calibrated diffuse reflectance target; and wherein said use comprises evaluating sensitivity of fluorescence detection of said camera systems; or quantitatively characterizing the transmission ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio of a said fluorescence imaging camera system.
2. The phantom of claim 1, wherein said phantom further comprises polyurethane.
3. A method of making the solid phantom of claim 2, said method comprising:
diluting a stable fluorescence material with a polyurethane solution and forming a solution of the stable fluorescence material with a first concentration; and
coating said reflectance target with said solution such that the reflectance value of said target is about 99%.
4. The method of making a phantom of claim 3, wherein said stable fluorescent material is sprayed on said reflectance target.
5. The method of making a phantom of claim 3, wherein said reflectance target is dipped in a solution comprising the stable fluorescent material.
6. The method of making a solid phantom of claim 3, wherein said stable fluorescent material is painted on said reflectance target.
7. The method of making a phantom of claim 3, wherein stable fluorescent material is sprayed on said reflectance target.
8. The method of making a phantom of claim 3, wherein said reflectance target is dipped in a solution comprising stable fluorescent material.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein the first concentration is about 0.01 \u03bcm to about 1 \u03bcm.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein the first concentration is about 0.1 uM.
11. The phantom of claim 1, wherein the target comprises a reflectance value of about 99%, 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70% 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 25%, 10% or 0%.
12. A method of training an operator of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising obtaining a phantom of claim 1, having one or more known optical characteristics; inserting the phantom into an imaging system; operating the system to image and analyze the phantom, thereby training the user.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the phantom comprises a reflectance value of a tissue.
14. The 2 dimensional solid phantom of claim 1, wherein said fluorescence imaging camera systems are designed to detect fluorescence in scattering media, wherein said scattering media is a living tissues.
15. A method of quantitatively characterizing the transmission ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising:
(i) placing a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems under said fluorescence imaging camera system;
(ii) determining the transmission ratio, and quantifying an excitation light leakage; and
(iii) determining the signal-to-noise ratio.
16. A method of evaluating the sensitivity of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising:
(i) placing a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems under said fluorescence imaging camera system;
(ii) measuring reflected light from different portions of the phantom;
(iii) measuring fluorescent from different portions of the phantom; and
(iv) computing a ratio of fluorescent light versus backscattered excitation light, and quantifying the level of sensitivity of the system.
17. A method of validating that a fluorescence imaging camera system is operating at an acceptable level using a method of evaluating the sensitivity of a fluorescence imaging camera system, said method comprising:
(i) placing a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems under said fluorescence imaging camera system;
(ii) measuring reflected light from different portions of the phantom;
(iii) measuring fluorescent from different portions of the phantom; and
(iv) computing a ratio of fluorescent light versus backscattered excitation light, and quantifying the level of sensitivity of the system, wherein the ratio of fluorescent light versus backscattered excitation light, is compared to a predefined standard.
18. A method of comparing two or more fluorescence imaging camera systems, said method comprising:
(i) obtaining a 2 dimensional solid phantom for use with fluorescence imagine camera systems having one or more known optical characteristics;
(ii) inserting the phantom into a first imaging system;
(iii) imaging the phantom in the first system to obtain first image data;
(iv) inserting the phantom into a second imaging system;
(v) imaging the phantom in the second system to obtain second image data; and
(vi) comparing the first and second image data to compare the two systems.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-20. (canceled)
21. A method, comprising:
displaying, on a display device, a plurality of wagering games played in respective distinct base game areas;
in response to a bonus game outcome associated with play of one of the wagering games, suspending, by at least one of one or more processors, play of the plurality of wagering games and displaying, on the display device, a bonus game in a bonus game area larger than any of the base game areas, the bonus game area extending across at least three-quarters of a width of a viewable area of the display device; and
in response to completion of the bonus game, removing the bonus game from being displayed in the bonus game area and resuming, by at least one of the one or more processors, the play of the plurality of wagering games in the respective distinct base game areas.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, in each of the base game areas, displaying on the display device a number of credits wagered on an outcome of the corresponding wagering game.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising, in each of the base game areas, displaying on the display device a participation indicator indicating that the corresponding wagering game is being played.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the wagering games portrayed in each of the base game areas are the same wagering game, each of the wagering games having an associated randomly determined outcome, and wherein the randomly determined outcome associated with each of the wagering games is determined mutually independently from one another.
25. The method of claim 21, further comprising receiving an input from a game selection button indicating a selection of one or more of the wagering games to play.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
displaying in each of the base game areas a wager indicator indicating a wager being placed on the corresponding wagering game; and
applying the same wager for subsequent plays of the corresponding wagering game as long as serial presses of the game initiation button are detected.
27. The method of claim 21, wherein the bonus game includes multiple free spins or plays of the corresponding wagering game from which the bonus game was triggered.
28. One or more physical machine-readable non-transitory storage media including instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
displaying, on a display device, a plurality of wagering games played in respective distinct base game areas;
in response to a bonus game outcome associated with play of one of the wagering games, suspending, by at least one of the one or more processors, play of the plurality of wagering games and displaying, on the display device, a bonus game in a bonus game area larger than any of the base game areas, the bonus game area extending across at least three-quarters of a width of a viewable area of the display device; and
in response to completion of the bonus game, removing the bonus game from being displayed in the bonus game area and resuming, by at least one of the one or more processors, the play of the plurality of wagering games in the respective distinct base game areas.
29. The one or more storage media of claim 28, the operations further comprising, in each of the base game areas, displaying on the display device a number of credits wagered on the outcome of the corresponding wagering game.
30. The one or more storage media of claim 32, the operations further comprising, in each of the base game areas, displaying on the display device a participation indicator indicating that the corresponding wagering game is being played.
31. The one or more storage media of claim 28, wherein the wagering games portrayed in each of the base game areas are the same wagering game, each of the wagering games having an associated randomly determined outcome, and wherein the randomly determined outcome associated with each of the wagering games is determined mutually independently from one another.
32. The one or more storage media of claim 28, the operations further comprising receiving an input from a game selection button indicating a selection of one or more wagering games to play.
33. The one or more storage media of claim 32, the operations further comprising:
displaying in each of the base game areas a wager indicator indicating a wager placed on the corresponding wagering game being portrayed in the respective one of the base game areas; and
applying the same wager for subsequent plays of the corresponding wagering game as long as serial presses of the game initiation button are detected.
34. The one or more storage media of claim 28, wherein the bonus game includes multiple free spins or plays of the wagering game from which the bonus game was triggered.
35. A gaming system configured to conduct a plurality of wagering games simultaneously, comprising:
one or more input devices;
a display device;
one or more processors; and
one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by at least one of the one or more processors, cause the gaming system to:
display on the display device a plurality of wagering games in respective distinct base game areas,
in response to a bonus game outcome associated with play of one of the wagering games, suspend play of the plurality of wagering games and display on the display device a bonus game in a bonus game areas larger than any of the base game areas, the bonus game area extending across at least three-quarters of a width of a viewable area of the display device, and
in response to completion of the bonus game, remove the bonus game from being displayed in the bonus game area and resume the play of the plurality of wagering games in the respective distinct base game areas.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein the instructions further cause the gaming system to, in each of the base game areas, display on the display device a number of credits wagered on the outcome of the corresponding wagering game.
37. The system of claim 36, wherein the instructions further cause the gaming system to, in each of the base game areas, display on the display device a participation indicator indicating that the corresponding wagering game is being played.
38. The system of claim 35, wherein the wagering games portrayed in each of the base game areas are the same wagering game, each of the wagering games having an associated randomly determined outcome, and wherein the randomly determined outcome associated with each of the wagering games is determined mutually independently from one another.
39. The system of claim 35, wherein the operations further cause the gaming system to receive an input, via the one or more input devices, indicative of a wager, and wherein the instructions further cause the gaming system to receive an input from a game selection button indicating a selection of one or more of the wagering games to play.
40. The system of claim 39, wherein the instructions further cause the gaming system to:
display in each of the game areas a wager indicator indicating the wager being placed on the corresponding wagering game being portrayed in the respective one of the game areas; and
apply the same wager for subsequent plays of the corresponding wagering game as long as serial presses of the game initiation button are detected.