Author: claimsbot

1. A method for use with an implantable system, comprising:
(a) obtaining one or more electrogram (EGM) signal(s) indicative of cardiac electrical activity;
(b) performing dominant frequency (DF) analysis of at least one of the EGM signal(s), wherein DF analysis comprises determining the DF of at least one of the EGM signal(s) in the frequency domain, wherein the DF is the frequency component of the EGM signal in the frequency domain having the greatest amplitude; and
(c) using results of the DF analysis to determine whether to deliver anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) to attempt to terminate a tachycardia, or whether to deliver a shock to attempt to terminate the tachycardia without first delivering ATP.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein steps (b) and (c) are performed in response to a tachycardia being detected using an analysis other than DF analysis.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the DF analysis performed at step (b) results in a tachycardia being characterized as stable or unstable; and
step (c) comprises determining that ATP is to be delivered if the tachycardia was characterized as stable, and determining that a shock is to be delivered without first delivering ATP if the tachycardia is characterized as unstable.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the results of step (b) include a detected DF; and
step (c) comprises
(c.1) comparing the detected DF to a threshold;
(c.2) determining that ATP will be delivered to attempt to terminate the tachycardia, if the detected DF is below the threshold; and
(c.3) determining that a shock will be delivered to attempt to terminate the tachycardia, without first delivering ATP, if the detected DF is above the threshold.
5. An implantable cardiac device comprising:
one or more pulse generator configured to deliver pacing therapy;
one or more sensing circuit configured to obtain one or more electrogram (EGM) signal(s) indicative of cardiac electrical activity;
one or more shocking circuit configured to deliver a shock;
a dominant frequency (DF) analysis module configured to
perform DF analysis of at least one of the EGM signal(s), wherein the DF analysis comprises at least analyzing each of the at least one of the EGM signal(s) in the frequency domain to determine the frequency component having the greatest amplitude for each EGM signal; and
determine whether to deliver anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) to attempt to terminate a tachycardia, or whether to deliver a shock to attempt to terminate the tachycardia without first delivering ATP based on the DF analysis.
6. The implantable cardiac device of claim 5, wherein:
the results of the DF analysis include a detected DF; and
the DF analysis module is also configured to
compare the detected DF to a threshold;
determine that ATP will be delivered to attempt to terminate the tachycardia, if the detected DF is below the threshold; and
determine that a shock will be delivered to attempt to terminate the tachycardia, without first delivering ATP, if the detected DF is above the threshold.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for preparing stable oligosaccharides from a glycoprotein having linked oligosaccharides, said method comprising the steps o
contacting said glycoprotein with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate for a period of time sufficient to cleave linked oligosaccharides from the glycoprotein to form oligosaccharide products and a protein by-product;
separating the oligosaccharide products from the ammonium hydroxide and the ammonium carbonate; and
separating at least a portion of the oligosaccharide products from the protein by-product.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of contacting the oligosaccharide products with an aqueous acid.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the acid is boric acid.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of separating the oligosaccharide products from the acid.
5. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of separating the oligosaccharide products from the acid.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of separating at least one oligosaccharide products from other oligosaccharide products.
7. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of separating at least one oligosaccharide products from other oligosaccharide products.
8. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of separating at least one oligosaccharide products from other oligosaccharide products.
9. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of separating at least one oligosaccharide products from other oligosaccharide products.
10. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of separating at least one oligosaccharide products from other oligosaccharide products.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of reacting the separated oligosaccharide products with a labeling agent to form a mixture of oligosaccharide derivatives having a common covalently bound label.
12. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of reacting the separated oligosaccharide products with a labeling agent to form a mixture of oligosaccharide derivatives having a common covalently bound label.
13. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of reacting the separated oligosaccharide products oligosaccharides with a labeling agent to form a mixture of oligosaccharide derivatives having a common covalently bound label.
14. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of reacting the separated oligosaccharide products with a labeling agent to form a mixture of oligosaccharide derivatives having a common covalently bound label.
15. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of reacting the separated oligosaccharide products oligosaccharides with a labeling agent to form a mixture of oligosaccharide derivatives having a common covalently bound label.
16. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of separating at least one labeled oligosaccharide derivative from other labeled oligosaccharide derivatives.
17. The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of separating at least one labeled oligosaccharide derivative from other labeled oligosaccharide derivatives.
18. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of separating at least one labeled oligosaccharide derivative from other labeled oligosaccharide derivatives.
19. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of separating at least one labeled oligosaccharide derivative from other labeled oligosaccharide derivatives.
20. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of separating at least one labeled oligosaccharide derivative from other labeled oligosaccharide derivatives.
21. A method for preparing stable reducing oligosaccharides by cleavage of a glycoprotein having linked oligosaccharides, said method comprising the steps of
contacting the glycoprotein with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate to cleave the linked glycans and from intermediate product oligosaccharide products and cleaved protein by-products;
separating the intermediate products from the aqueous ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate;
reacting the intermediate oligosaccharide products with aqueous boric acid to form reducing oligosaccharide products; and
separating at least a portion of the reducing oligosaccharide products from the aqueous boric acid and the protein by-products.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the step of separating the aqueous ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate from the intermediate oligosaccharide products is carried out by evaporation of aqueous solutions of the products and those reagents.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein the reducing oligosaccharide products are separated from the boric acid by evaporation of methanol solutions of the product mixture.
24. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of separating at least one reducing oligosaccharide product from the other reducing oligosaccharide products.

1. A surgical instrument comprising:
(a) a body assembly comprising:
i. a casing, and
ii. an outer sheath extending distally from the casing;

(b) a transducer and blade assembly comprising:
i. a transducer, and
ii. a blade assembly acoustically coupled to and extending distally from the transducer, wherein the blade assembly is operable to sever tissue; and

(c) an end effector selectively coupleable to a distal end of the outer sheath and operable to clamp tissue against a distal end of the blade assembly.
2. The surgical instrument of claim 1 wherein the body assembly further comprises a latch member coupled to the casing and operable to axially restrain the transducer and blade assembly within the casing.
3. The surgical instrument of claim 2 wherein the latch member comprises an electrical connector and wherein the transducer comprises a notch having a ring connector disposed therein.
4. The surgical instrument of claim 1 wherein the end effector comprises:
(a) an outer sheath portion insertable into the outer sheath; and
(b) a clamp arm pivotably coupled to the outer sheath portion.
5. The surgical instrument of claim 4 wherein the outer sheath portion comprises a first bayonet pin, wherein the outer sheath comprises a first slot, and wherein the first bayonet pin and first slot form a bayonet connection.
6. The surgical instrument of claim 5 wherein the first slot comprises a retention feature to selectively retain the first bayonet pin therein.
7. The surgical instrument of claim 5 wherein the first slot is an L-shaped slot.
8. The surgical instrument of claim 1 wherein the body assembly comprises a trigger pivotably coupled to the casing and operable to actuate the outer sheath relative to the casing.
9. The surgical instrument of claim 1 wherein the body assembly comprises an inner tubular actuation member rotatable relative to the body assembly and disposed within the outer sheath.
10. The surgical instrument of claim 9 wherein the inner tubular actuation member comprises a key extending proximally from a proximal end of the inner tubular actuation member and wherein the transducer comprises a keyed member having a complementary longitudinal slot configured to receive the key.
11. The surgical instrument of claim 9 wherein the end effector comprises:
(a) an inner tube portion insertable into the inner tubular actuation member; and
(b) a clamp arm pivotably coupled to the inner tube portion.
wherein the inner tube portion comprises a second bayonet pin, wherein the inner tubular actuation member comprises a second slot, and wherein the second bayonet pin and second slot form a bayonet connection.
12. The surgical instrument of claim 11 wherein the second slot comprises a retention feature to selectively retain the second bayonet pin therein.
13. The surgical instrument of claim 11 wherein the clamp arm comprises a curved arm, wherein the blade assembly comprises a curved blade, wherein the key and longitudinal slot align the curved arm with the curved blade when the key is inserted into the longitudinal slot.
14. The surgical instrument of claim 1 wherein the end effector is threadably coupleable to a distal end of the outer sheath.
15. The surgical instrument of claim 13 wherein the body assembly comprises:
(a) an inner tubular actuation member or rod rotatable relative to the body assembly and disposed within the outer sheath; and
(b) a slip feature disposed between the inner tubular actuation member or rod and the outer sheath, wherein the slip feature is operable to selectively permit the outer sheath to rotate relative to the inner tubular actuation member or rod.
16. A surgical instrument comprising:
(a) a body assembly comprising:
i. a casing,
ii. a proximal outer sheath extending distally from the casing, and
iii. a waveguide disposed within the outer sheath; and

(b) an end effector comprising:
i. a distal outer sheath, and
ii. a blade disposed within the distal outer sheath;

wherein the distal outer sheath is selectively coupled to a distal end of the proximal outer sheath and wherein the blade is selectively coupled to the waveguide.
17. The surgical instrument of claim 16 wherein the distal outer sheath threadably couples to the proximal outer sheath and wherein the blade threadably couples to the waveguide.
18. The surgical instrument of claim 17 wherein the body assembly further comprises a proximal tubular actuation member disposed between the waveguide and the proximal outer sheath, wherein the end effector further comprises a distal inner tubular actuation member disposed between the distal outer sheath and the blade, wherein the proximal tubular actuation member threadably couples to the distal inner tubular actuation member.
19. The surgical instrument of claim 18 further comprising a slip feature operable to selectively couple and decouple the outer sheath and the inner tubular actuation member.
20. A surgical instrument comprising:
(a) a body assembly comprising:
i. a casing,
ii. a proximal outer sheath extending distally from the casing, the outer sheath having a first set of ratchet teeth, and
iii. a waveguide disposed within the outer sheath; and

(b) an end effector comprising:
i. an outer sheath having second set of ratchet teeth complementary to the first set of ratchet teeth, and
ii. a blade disposed within the outer sheath;

wherein the blade is configured to selectively couple to the waveguide and wherein the first set of ratchet teeth are configured to engage the second set of ratchet teeth when the blade is coupled to the waveguide.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

We claim:

1. A system for amplifying a scan of an ion beam, comprising:
a magnetic scanner configured to scan the ion beam in a single plane; and
a beam amplifier configured to receive the ion beam from the magnetic scanner and amplify a divergence of the ion beam.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a magnetic lens configured to receive the ion beam from the beam amplifier and focus the ion beam into substantially collimated paths before impinging a tilted target.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the magnetic lens includes a quadrupole magnet.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the magnetic lens focuses the ion beam into the single plane.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the magnetic lens is programmable to vary a magnetic field within the magnetic lens.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising an analyzer configured to select predetermined ions from the ion beam.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the analyzer includes a momentum-analyzing magnet.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the momentum-analyzing magnet includes a dipole magnet.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising an ion source configured to generate the ion beam.
10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a vacuum chamber configured to form a vacuum about the ion beam.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an accelerator configured to accelerate ions from the ion beam to a target.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the beam amplifier comprises a magnetic lens configured to amplify the divergence of the ion beam and focus the ion beam in the single plane.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the magnetic lens is programmable to vary a magnetic field within the magnetic lens.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the magnetic lens comprises a quadrupole magnet.
15. A method of amplifying a scan of an ion beam, comprising:
scanning the ion beam with a magnetic field in a single plane; and
amplifying a divergence of the ion beam in the single plane.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating the ion beam.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising selecting predetermined ions from the ion beam.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising focusing the ion beam in the single plane while amplifying the divergence of the ion beam.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising focusing the ion beam in the single plane after amplifying the divergence of the ion beam.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein focusing the ion beam after amplifying includes creating a substantially collimated ion beam to a target.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein focusing the ion beam after amplifying is programmable by varying a magnetic field.
22. The method of claim 15, further comprising accelerating ions from the ion beam to a target.
23. The method of claim 15, wherein amplifying the divergence of the ion beam is programmable by varying a magnetic field.