Author: claimsbot

What is claimed is:

1. Cutting pliers, comprising:
a first two-armed hand lever with a handle rear lever arm and a front lever arm with a cutting edge provided on a front end section of said front lever arm front end section, said front lever arm being shorter than said rear lever arm;
a second two-armed hand lever pivotably articulated to the first hand lever by a pliers joint, said second hand lever having a handle rear lever arm arranged approximately mirror symmetrically to said first hand lever handle rear lever arm and having second hand lever front lever arm, said second hand lever front lever arm being shorter than said second hand lever rear lever arm;
a two-armed cutting lever having a second cutting edge, said second hand lever front lever arm having a transmission connection via a lever transmission to a rear lever arm of said two-armed cutting lever, said two-armed cutting lever being articulated to said first hand lever front lever arm such that a cutting force exerted on the cutting edges by means of the handles increases super proportionally with increasing closing movement, said second hand lever front lever arm having, at a radial distance from said pliers joint, a curved path via which said second hand lever front lever arm acts on said rear lever arm of said two-armed cutting lever, said cutting lever having a transmission element rolling or sliding along said curved path with low friction, said curved path extending such that a radial distance between lines of force of a cutting force component acting at the power transmission point on the curved path during a closing movement of the second hand lever and the axis of the pliers joint changes from a maximum at the beginning of the closing movement to a said minimum at the end of the closing movement.
2. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 1, wherein the curved path has a continuous shape within a movement angle of the second hand lever and a radial distance between a beginning of said curved path, which is located closer to the pliers joint, and said axis of the pliers joint, is shorter than a radial distance between an end of said curved path and said axis of the pliers joint.
3. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 1, wherein said curved path has an at least approximately constant curvature with a center of curvature located on a side of a straight line connecting an end of said curved path to said axis of pliers joint, which side faces away from said rear lever arm of said second hand lever, and which has a radius of curvature smaller by at least one third than a length of said straight line.
4. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 3, wherein a radius of curvature of said curved path corresponds at least approximately to half of a distance between an end of said curved path and said axis of pliers joint and a center of curvature of said curved path is located at a distance from a straight line which is smaller than one tenth of a radius of curvature of the curved path.
5. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 1, wherein said curved path forms a connecting link guide for said transmission element of said cutting lever with a second curved path parallel to said curved path, said connecting link guide having a shape of a curved elongated hole.
6. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 5, wherein said transmission element comprises a roller mounted rotatably on said cutting lever, said roller having a diameter adapted to a width of said connecting link guide.
7. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 3, wherein said transmission element comprises a sliding block mounted in an articulated manner on said cutting lever and having a sliding surfaces with curvatures which are adapted to curvatures of the curved paths of the connecting link guide.
8. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 1, wherein within a movement angle of said second hand lever said curved path has at least two curved path sections with different radii of curvature, and a beginning of a first curved path section located closer to said pliers joint has a smaller radius of curvature and has a smaller radial distance from said axis of the pliers joint than at an end of said first curved path section and an end of a second curved path section has a greater radial distance from said axis of the pliers joint than a beginning of said second curved path section which coincides with said first curved path section.
9. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 8, wherein a center of curvature of the first curved path section is located on a side of a straight line facing away from said second hand lever, which said straight line connects said axis of the pliers joint to an end of said first curved path section, and a corresponding radius of curvature is smaller than half of a radial distance between an end of said first curved path section and an axis of the pliers joint.
10. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 8, wherein a center of curvature of said second curved path section is located on a side of a straight line facing away from said second hand lever, which said straight line connects said axis of the pliers joint to an end of said second curved section, and a corresponding radius of curvature is greater than half of a radial distance between an end of said second curved path section and said axis of the pliers joint.
11. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 1, further comprising elastic wire holders connected respectively to said first two-armed hand lever front lever arm and to a front lever arm of said two-armed cutting lever, said elastic wire holders being arranged opposite one another and adjacent to said cutting edge and said second cutting edge.
12. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 2, wherein said curved path has an at least approximately constant curvature with a center of curvature located on a side of a straight line connecting an end of said curved path to said axis of pliers joint, which side faces away from said rear lever arm of said second hand lever, and which has a radius of curvature smaller by at least one third than a length of said straight line.
13. Cutting pliers in accordance with claim 9, wherein a center of curvature of said second curved path section is located on a side of a straight line facing away from said second hand lever, which said straight line connects said axis of the pliers joint to an end of said second curved section, and a corresponding radius of curvature is greater than half of a radial distance between an end of said second curved path section and said axis of the pliers joint.
14. Surgical cutting pliers for cutting through elements including for cutting through said wires, nails, screws, the surgical cutting pliers comprising:
a first two-armed hand lever with a handle rear lever arm and a front lever arm with a cutting edge provided on a front end section of said front lever arm, said front lever arm being shorter than said rear lever arm;
a second two-armed hand lever pivotably articulated to the first hand lever by a pliers joint, said second hand lever having a handle rear lever arm arranged substantially opposite to said first hand lever handle rear lever arm and having second hand lever front lever arm, said second hand lever front lever arm being shorter than said second hand lever rear lever arm;
a two-armed cutting lever having a second cutting edge, said second hand lever front lever arm having a transmission connection via a lever transmission to a rear lever arm of said two-armed cutting lever, said two-armed cutting lever being articulated to said first hand lever front lever arm such that a cutting force exerted on the cutting edges by means of the handles change super proportionally with increasing closing movement, said second hand lever front lever arm having, at a radial distance from said pliers joint, a curved path via which said second hand lever front lever arm acts on said rear lever arm of said two-armed cutting lever, said cutting lever having a transmission element rolling or sliding along said curved path with low friction, said curved path extending such that a radial distance between lines of force of a cutting force component acting at the power transmission point on the curved path during a closing movement of the second hand lever and the axis of the pliers joint changes from a maximum at the beginning of the closing movement to a said minimum at the end of the closing movement.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An office furnishing, comprising:
an office desk adapted for use within a private office and adapted to enable an office desk user to provide additional desktop workspace and accommodate at least two additional participants in a private meeting within said private office, said office desk including a pair of opposing side panels, each side panel having a front end portion, a rear end portion, a top end portion and a bottom end portion, and a rectangular desktop panel horizontally disposed onto and attached near opposite width ends of said rectangular desktop panel to said top end portions of the opposing side panels, wherein opposite length ends of said rectangular desktop panel define a front of said office desk associated with a first length end of said rectangular top panel and a rear of said office desk associated with a second length of said rectangular desktop panel wherein the rear of said office desk has a cavity formed between said pair of opposing side panels and beneath the rectangular top panel wherein part of an office chair and user legs can be stowed;
at least one desk drawer movably installed at the rear of said desk beneath and centered within said rectangular desktop panel and between said pair of opposing side panels, said at least one desk drawer adapted to be moved from a closed storage position beneath said rectangular desktop panel into an opened access position located away from the rear of said desk and said closed storage position;
a rectangular front panel attached by control hardware along a first length end of said rectangular front panel to the front of said office desk near said first length end of said rectangular desktop panel, said rectangular front panel adapted to be stowed in a flat vertical position against the front of said office desk beneath said first length of said rectangular top panel when not required for the provision of additional office desktop workspace and wherefrom the rectangular front panel and said hardware is adapted to be rotated 90 degrees vertically and swung 90 degrees horizontally into a deployed horizontal position wherein one end of the front panel is located and touching near the front, center of the desktop and the opposite end is located furthest way from the front, center of the desk, thereby converting the desktop and the front panel into a T-shaped workspace for use by multiple collaborators, wherein said control hardware adapted to restrict movement speed by said rectangular front panel during its movement between stowed and deployed positions and adapted to enable the rectangular front panel to be physically manipulated into deployed or storage positions with respect to said office desk by a single user;
at least one support member movable from a storage location beneath said rectangular top panel into a supporting position beneath said rectangular front panel after said rectangular front panel is deployed into additional office desktop; and
at least one leg stowed within the front panel and adapted to be swung ninety degrees into a supporting position at the opposite end of the front panel located furthest away from the front, center of the desk.
2. An office furnishing, comprising:
an office desk provided for use within a private office and adapted to enable an office desk user to provide additional desktop workspace and accommodate at least two participants in a meeting within said private office, said office desk including a pair of opposing side panels, each side panel having a front end portion, a rear end portion, a top end portion and a bottom end portion, and a rectangular desktop panel horizontally disposed onto and attached near opposite width ends of said rectangular desktop panel to said top end portions of the opposing side panels, wherein opposite length ends of said rectangular desktop panel define a front of said office desk associated with a first length end of said rectangular top panel and a rear of said office desk associated with a second length of said rectangular desktop panel wherein the rear of said office desk has a cavity formed between said pair of opposing side panels and beneath the rectangular top panel wherein part of an office chair and user legs can be stowed;
a rectangular front panel attached by control hardware along a first length end of said rectangular front panel to the front of said office desk near said first length end of said rectangular desktop panel, said rectangular front panel adapted to be stowed in a flat vertical position against the front of said office desk beneath said first length of said rectangular top panel when not required for the provision of additional office desktop workspace and wherefrom the rectangular front panel and said hardware is adapted to be rotated 90 degrees vertically and swung 90 degrees horizontally into a deployed horizontal position wherein one end of the front panel is located and touching near the front, center of the desktop and the opposite end is located furthest way from the front, center of the desk, thereby converting the desktop and the front panel into a T-shaped workspace for use by multiple collaborators, wherein said control hardware adapted to restrict movement speed between said rectangular front panel during its movement between stowed and deployed positions and adapted to enable the rectangular front panel to be physically manipulated into deployed or storage positions with respect to said office desk by a single user, whereby said rectangular front panel extends outwardly from and substantially level with said rectangular desktop panel;
at least one desk drawer movably installed at the rear of said desk directly beneath and center upon said rectangular desktop panel between said pair of opposing side panels, said at least one desk drawer adapted to be moved from a closed storage position beneath said rectangular desktop panel into an opened access position located away from the rear of said desk and said closed storage position;
two telescoping support members secured to said rectangular top panel and adapted to be slid horizontally from storage locations directly beneath said rectangular top panel between said at least one desk drawer and said pair of opposing side panels into a supporting position in front of said office desk and directly beneath said rectangular front panel whereon said two telescoping support members are adapted to make contact with and support said rectangular front panel after said rectangular front panel is deployed into additional horizontal meeting space; and
at least one leg stowed within the front panel and adapted to be swung ninety degrees into a supporting position at the opposite end of the front panel located furthest away from the front, center of the desk.
3. A system adapted for providing private meeting and conference space for executives, a professionals and managers, comprising:
an office desk adapted for use with at least three chairs in a private office and adapted to enable an office desk user to provide additional desktop workspace for at least two additional participants engaged in a meeting with the office desk user around the office desk, said office desk further comprising a pair of opposing side panels, each side panel having a front end portion, a rear end portion, a top end portion and a bottom end portion, and a rectangular desktop panel horizontally disposed onto and attached near opposite width ends of said rectangular desktop panel to said top end portions of the opposing side panels, wherein opposite length ends of said rectangular desktop panel define a front of said office desk associated with a first length end of said rectangular top panel and a rear of said office desk associated with a second length of said rectangular desktop panel wherein the rear of said office desk has a cavity formed between said pair of opposing side panels and beneath the rectangular top panel wherein part of one of said at least three chairs and the office desk user’s legs can be stowed during the meeting;
a drawer movably installed near the middle and at the rear of said desk beneath said rectangular desktop panel and between said pair of opposing side panels, said drawer adapted to be moved from a closed storage position beneath said rectangular desktop panel into an opened access position located away from the rear of said desk and said closed storage position;
a rectangular front panel attached by control hardware along a first length end of said rectangular front panel to the front of said office desk near said first length end of said rectangular desktop panel, said rectangular front panel adapted to be stowed in a flat vertical position against the front of said office desk beneath said first length of said rectangular top panel when not required for the provision of additional office desktop workspace for the at least two additional participants and wherefrom the rectangular front panel is further adapted to be rotated 90 degrees vertically and swung 90 degrees horizontally into a deployed horizontal position wherein one end of the front panel is located and touching near the front, center of the desktop and the opposite end is located furthest way from the front, center of the desk, thereby converting the desktop and the front panel into a T-shaped workspace for use by multiple collaborators, said control hardware further comprising at least one of spring loaded, hydraulic and pneumatic hardware adapted to restrict movement speed between said rectangular front panel during its movement between stowed and deployed positions and adapted to enable the rectangular front panel to be physically manipulated into deployed or storage positions with respect to said office desk by a single user, whereby said rectangular front panel extends outwardly from and substantially level with said rectangular desktop panel along their respective first length ends;
two telescoping support members adapted to be stowed in storage locations located beneath said rectangular top panel in-between said drawer and said pair of opposing side panels, said two telescoping support members secured to said rectangular top panel, wherein each of said telescoping support members are further adapted to be movable from the storage location into a supporting positions beneath said rectangular front panel after said rectangular front panel is deployed into additional horizontal meeting space;
a support structure located beneath said at least one telescoping support member and said rectangular desktop panel near the front of said office desk, said support structure adapted to provide support to said at least one telescoping support member when extended front underneath said rectangular desktop panel to provide support to said rectangular front panel when said rectangular front panel is deployed into said additional horizontal meeting space; and
at least one leg stowed within the front panel and adapted to be swung ninety degrees into a supporting position at the opposite end of the front panel located furthest away from the front, center of the desk.

1. An electronic assembly comprising:
a substrate;
a first integrated circuit package mounted to said substrate;
a first phase change pad including a mesh embedded into a first thermally conductive phase change material, the first phase change pad being coupled to said first integrated circuit package;
a second integrated circuit package mounted to said substrate;
a second phase change pad including a mesh embedded into a second thermally conductive phase change material, the second phase change pad being thicker than the first phase change pad and coupled said second integrated circuit package; and
a thermal element coupled to both said first phase change pad and said second first phase change pad.
2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said first thermally conductive phase change material and said second thermally conductive phase change material includes a poly-olefin.
3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein said first thermally conductive phase change material and said second thermally conductive phase change material includes a thermally conductive filler material being substantially greater in volume than said poly-olefin.
4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said first thermally conductive phase change material changes from a solid state to a liquid state at approximately 45 to 50 degrees centigrade.
5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein said substrate has a plurality of conductive pads along an edge of said substrate.
6. An electronic assembly, comprising:
a substrate;
a first integrated circuit package mounted to said substrate;
a second integrated circuit package mounted to said substrate;
a thermal element that is separated from said first integrated circuit package by a first distance and from said second integrated circuit package by a second distance which is greater than the first distance;
a first thermally conductive phase change pad that couples said first integrated circuit package to said thermal element, said first thermally conductive phase change pad includes a first thermally conductive phase change material; and,
a second thermally conductive phase change pad that couples said second integrated circuit package to said thermal element, said second thermally conductive phase change pad includes a second thermally conductive phase change material embedded into a mesh and sized with a thickness greater than a thickness of the first thermally conductive phase change pad.
7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein both said first thermally conductive phase change material and said second thermally conductive phase change material includes a poly-olefin.
8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein said first thermally conductive phase change material and said second thermally conductive phase change material includes a thermally conductive filler material being substantially greater in volume than said poly-olefin.
9. The assembly of claim 6, wherein said first thermally conductive phase change material changes from a solid state to a liquid state at approximately 45 to 50 degrees centigrade.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An optical wavefront sensing system comprising:
a lenslet array positioned for receiving an incoming wavefront;
means for transforming an image emerging from the lenslet array at a focal plane thereof into a real image; and
means for sensing the transformed image positioned at a final image plane.
2. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the image-transforming means comprises a fiber-optic faceplate positioned to receive the image emerging from the lenslet array at an upstream plane and to transmit the image therethrough to a downstream plane.
3. The system recited in claim 1, further comprising a demagnification relay positioned between the image-transforming means and the sensing means.
4. The system recited in claim 3, wherein the demagnification relay is adapted to reduce the lenslet array focal plane image to a dimension smaller than a dimension of the incoming wavefront.
5. The system recited in claim 3, wherein the demagnification relay comprises a lens.
6. The system recited in claim 3, wherein the demagnification relay comprises a tapered-fiber-optic device comprising a plurality of fiber optics having a first diameter at an upstream plane and a second diameter smaller than the first diameter at a downstream plane.
7. The system recited in claim 6, wherein the fiber optics have a substantially conical shape.
8. The system recited in claim 1, further comprising means for analyzing a wavefront distortion in the sensed image.
9. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the sensing means comprises a charge-coupled-device camera.
10. An optical wavefront sensing system comprising:
a lenslet array positioned for receiving an incoming wavefront;
means for transforming and demagnifying an image emerging from the lenslet array at a focal plane thereof into a real image; and
means for sensing the transformed image positioned at a final image plane.
11. The system recited in claim 10, wherein the image-transforming means comprises a fiber-optic faceplate positioned to receive the image emerging from the lenslet array at an upstream plane and to transmit the image therethrough to a downstream plane.
12. The system recited in claim 10, wherein the transforming and demagnifying means is adapted to reduce the lenslet array focal plane image to a dimension smaller than a dimension of the incoming wavefront.
13. The system recited in claim 10, wherein the transforming and demagnifying means comprises a lens relay.
14. The system recited in claim 10, wherein the transforming and demagnifying means comprises a tapered-fiber-optic device comprising a plurality of fiber optics having a first diameter at an upstream plane and a second diameter smaller than the first diameter at a downstream plane.
15. The system recited in claim 14, wherein the fiber optics have a substantially conical shape.
16. The system recited in claim 10, further comprising means for analyzing a wavefront distortion in the sensed image.
17. The system recited in claim 10, wherein the sensing means comprises a charge-coupled-device camera.
18. A system for determining refractive aberrations of an eye comprising:
means for directing a beam of light onto a cornea of an eye;
a lenslet array positioned for receiving a wavefront reflected from a retina of the eye;
means for transforming an image emerging from the lenslet array at a focal plane thereof into a real image;
means for demagnifying the real image at a final image plane; and
means for sensing and analyzing the demagnified image for determining aberrations from planarity of the reflected wavefronts.
19. The system recited in claim 18, wherein the demagnifying means is adapted to reduce the lenslet array focal plane image to a dimension smaller than a dimension of the image emerging from the lenslet array.
20. The system recited in claim 18, wherein the sensing and analyzing means comprises a charge-coupled-device camera.
21. The system recited in claim 20, wherein the camera comprises a small-active-area camera.
22. A method for sensing an optical wavefront comprising the steps of:
receiving an incoming wavefront using a lenslet array;
transforming an image emerging from the lenslet array at a focal plane thereof into a real image; and
sensing the transformed image positioned at a final image plane.
23. The method recited in claim 22, wherein the image-transforming step comprises receiving the image emerging from the lenslet array at an upstream plane using a fiber-optic faceplate, the image then transmitted therethrough to a downstream plane.
24. The method recited in claim 22, further comprising demagnifying the transformed image prior to the sensing step.
25. The method recited in claim 24, wherein the demagnifying step comprises reducing the lenslet array focal plane image to a dimension smaller than a dimension of the incoming wavefront.
26. The method recited in claim 24, wherein the demagnifying step comprises using a lens.
27. The method recited in claim 24, wherein the demagnifying step comprises using a tapered-fiber-optic device comprising a plurality of fiber optics having a first diameter at an upstream plane and a second diameter smaller than the first diameter at a downstream plane.
28. The method recited in claim 27, wherein the fiber optics have a substantially conical shape.
29. The method recited in claim 22, further comprising the step of analyzing a wavefront distortion in the sensed image.
30. The method recited in claim 22, wherein the sensing step comprises using a charge-coupled-device camera.
31. An optical wavefront sensing method comprising the steps of:
receiving an incoming wavefront using a lenslet array;
transforming and demagnifying an image emerging from the lenslet array at a focal plane thereof into a real image; and
sensing the transformed image positioned at a final image plane.
32. The method recited in claim 31, wherein the image-transforming step comprises receiving the image emerging from the lenslet array at an upstream plane using a fiber-optic faceplate and transmitting the image therethrough to a downstream plane.
33. The method recited in claim 31, wherein the transforming and demagnifying step comprises reducing the lenslet array focal plane image to a dimension smaller than a dimension of the incoming wavefront.
34. The method recited in claim 31, wherein the transforming and demagnifying step comprises using a lens relay.
35. The method recited in claim 31, wherein the transforming and demagnifying step comprises using a tapered-fiber-optic device comprising a plurality of fiber optics having a first diameter at an upstream plane and a second diameter smaller than the first diameter at a downstream plane.
36. The method recited in claim 35, wherein the fiber optics have a substantially conical shape.
37. The method recited in claim 31, further comprising the step of analyzing a wavefront distortion in the sensed image.
38. The method recited in claim 31, wherein the sensing step comprises using a charge-coupled-device camera.
39. A method for determining refractive aberrations of an eye comprising the steps of:
directing a beam of light onto a cornea of an eye;
receiving a wavefront reflected from a retina of the eye using a lenslet array;
transforming an image emerging from the lenslet array at a focal plane thereof into a real image;
demagnifying the real image at a final image plane; and
sensing and analyzing the demagnified image for determining aberrations from planarity of the reflected wavefronts.
40. The method recited in claim 39, wherein the demagnifying step comprises reducing the lenslet array focal plane image to a dimension smaller than a dimension of the image emerging from the lenslet array.
41. The method recited in claim 39, wherein the sensing and analyzing step comprises using a charge-coupled-device camera.
42. The method recited in claim 41, wherein the camera comprises a small-active-area camera.